Effects of Life Stage, Site, and Species on the Dragonfly Gut Microbiome

Sarah Nobles; Colin R. Jackson

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020183

Effects of Life Stage, Site, and Species on the Dragonfly Gut Microbiome

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8020183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Nobles ◽

Colin R. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Host Species ◽

Life Stage ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Life Stages ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

Surrounding Environment ◽

Different Levels ◽

Generation Sequencing ◽

Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Insects that undergo metamorphosis from juveniles to adults provide an intriguing opportunity to examine the effects of life stage, species, and the environment on their gut microbiome. In this study, we surveyed the gut microbiomes of 13 species of dragonfly collected from five different locations subject to different levels of human impact. Juveniles were collected as nymphs from aquatic habitats while airborne adults were caught at the same locations. The gut microbiome was characterized by next generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Life stage was an important factor, with the gut microbiomes of dragonfly nymphs differing from those of adult dragonflies. Gut microbiomes of nymphs were influenced by sample site and, to a lesser extent, host species. Neither sample location nor host species had a strong effect on the gut microbiome of dragonfly adults. Regardless of life stage, gut microbiomes were dominated by members of the Proteobacteria, with members of the Bacteroidetes (especially in adults), Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria (especially in nymphs) also being proportionally abundant. These results demonstrate that different life stages of metamorphosing insects can harbor very different gut microbiomes and differ in how this microbiome is influenced by the surrounding environment.

Predictable and host-species specific humanization of the gut microbiota in captive primates

10.22541/au.161760096.68459410/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Houtz ◽

Jon Sanders ◽

Anthony Denice ◽

Andrew Moeller

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Host Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽

Human Gut ◽

Captive Populations ◽

In Captivity ◽

Species Specific ◽

Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Humans and non-human primates (NHPs) harbor complex gut microbial communities that affect phenotypes and fitness. The gut microbiotas of wild NHPs reflect their hosts’ phylogenetic histories and are compositionally distinct from those of humans, but in captivity the endogenous gut microbial lineages of NHPs can be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans. Despite its potential contributions to gastrointestinal dysfunction, this humanization of the gut microbiota has not been investigated systematically across captive NHP species. Here we show through comparisons of well-sampled wild and captive populations of apes and monkeys that the fraction of the gut microbiota humanized by captivity varies significantly between NHP species but is remarkably reproducible between captive populations of the same NHP species. Conspecific captive populations displayed significantly greater than expected overlap in the sets of bacterial 16S rRNA gene variants that were differentially abundant between captivity and the wild. This overlap was evident even between captive populations residing on different continents but was never observed between heterospecific captive populations. In addition, we developed an approach incorporating human gut microbiota data to rank NHPs’ gut microbial clades based on the propensity of their lineages to be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans in captivity. Relatively few microbial genera displayed reproducible degrees of humanization in different captive host species, but most microbial genera were reproducibly humanized or retained from the wild in conspecific pairs of captive populations. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiotas of captive NHPs display predictable, host-species specific responses to captivity.

Host phylogeny and life history stage shape the gut microbiome in dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (Kogia breviceps) sperm whales

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72032-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth R. Denison ◽

Ryan G. Rhodes ◽

William A. McLellan ◽

D. Ann Pabst ◽

Patrick M. Erwin

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Life Stage ◽

Life History Stage ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Sperm Whales ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Host Health ◽

Species Specific ◽

Kogia Sima ◽

Host Development

Abstract Gut microbiomes perform crucial roles in host health and development, but few studies have explored cetacean microbiomes especially deep divers. We characterized the gut microbiomes of stranded dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (K. breviceps) sperm whales to examine the effects of phylogeny and life stage on microbiome composition and diversity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed diverse gut communities (averaging 674 OTUs) dominated by a few symbiont taxa (25 OTUs accounted for 64% of total relative abundance). Both phylogeny and life stage shaped community composition and diversity, with species-specific microbiome differences present early in life. Further analysis showed evidence of microbiome convergence with host maturity, albeit through different processes: symbiont ‘accumulation’ in K. sima and ‘winnowing’ in K. breviceps, indicating different methods of community assembly during host development. Furthermore, culture-based analyses yielded 116 pure cultures matching 25 OTUs, including one isolate positive for chitin utilization. Our findings indicate that kogiid gut microbiomes are highly diverse and species-specific, undergo significant shifts with host development, and can be cultivated on specialized media under anaerobic conditions. These results enhance our understanding of the kogiid gut microbiome and may provide useful information for symbiont assessment in host health.

Differences in the Diversity and Structure of the Gut Microbiome in Different Life Stages of the American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16743/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyu Chen ◽

Bin Yang ◽

Peiyu Ou ◽

Xiaobao Jin

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Life Stage ◽

American Cockroach ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Functional Genes ◽

Life Stages ◽

Relative Abundances

Abstract Gut microbes play critical roles in host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. Periplaneta americana is a famous urban pest which is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics, but very few information is available on the gut microbiome of Periplaneta americana, particularly in its different life stages. Here, we characterized the diversity and structure of gut microbiome in eggs, nymph and adult life stages of Periplaneta americana using high-throughput 16S rRNA genes sequencing. Both the results of Alpha- and Beta-diversity analysis showed the diversity and structure of gut microbiome were significant different among the eggs, nymph and adult stages. The result of species distribution showed the predominant phyla in three life stages were Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes and Proteobacteria , but the relative abundances of these bacteria were significant different among each life stage. 1,169 operational taxonomic units were shared by three stages, which indicating the gut microbiome may be inherited to offspring from parents of Periplaneta americana. According to the prediction of functional genes in metabolic pathways, most of them were distributed in the metabolic pathways of basic physiology such as nutrition, growth, development and immunity, etc. The relative abundances of functional genes in metabolic pathways were significant different among life stages of Periplaneta americana, indicating the gut microbiome might play an important role in the physiology across its different life stages. This study revealed the diversity and structure of gut microbiome in different life stages of Periplaneta americana, which may contribute to us to understand it’s physiology and behaviors.

Colon Microbiome of Pigs Fed Diet Contaminated with Commercial Purified Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins10090347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kondreddy Reddy ◽

Jin Jeong ◽

Jaeyong Song ◽

Yookyung Lee ◽

Hyun-Jeong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Animal Health ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Miseq Platform ◽

Generation Sequencing ◽

Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) can seriously affect animal health, with potentially severe economic losses. Previous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a significant role in detoxification. We analyzed the colon contents from three groups of pigs (fed either a standard diet, or a diet with 8 mg/kg DON or ZEN). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were obtained from the colon contents, and sequenced using next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Overall, 2,444,635 gene sequences were generated, with ≥2000 sequences examined. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in all three groups. The sequences of Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera, and the unclassified Clostridiaceae family, represented more than 1.2% of the total, with significantly different abundances among the groups. Lactobacillus was especially more abundant in the DON (7.6%) and ZEN (2.7%) groups than in the control (0.2%). A total of 48,346 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in the three groups. Two OTUs, classified as Lactobacillus, were the most dominant in the DON and ZEN groups. The abundances of the remaining OTUs were also significantly different among the groups. Thus, the mycotoxin-contaminated feed significantly affected the colon microbiota, especially Lactobacillus, which was the most abundant. Therefore, we speculate that Lactobacillus plays a major role in detoxification of these mycotoxins.

Effect of commercially purified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mycotoxins on microbial diversity of pig cecum contents

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.20.0137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 243-255

Author(s):

Kondreddy Eswar Reddy ◽

Minji Kim ◽

Ki Hyun Kim ◽

Sang Yun Ji ◽

Youlchang Baek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Objective: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals, imposing risks to the health of both humans and animals and leading to economic losses. The gut microbiome has been shown to help combat the effects of such toxins, with certain microorganisms reported to contribute significantly to the detoxification process.Methods: We examined the cecum contents of three different dietary groups of pigs (control, as well as diets contaminated with 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were acquired from the cecum contents and evaluated by next-generation sequencing.Results: A total of 2,539,288 sequences were generated with ~500 nucleotide read lengths. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, occupying more than 96% of all three groups. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter showed potential as biomarkers for each group. Particularly, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were more abundant in the DON and ZEN groups than in the control. Additionally, 52,414 operational taxonomic units were detected in the three groups; those of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Prevotella were most dominant and significantly varied between groups. Hence, contamination of feed by DON and ZEN affected the cecum microbiota, while Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were highly abundant and positively influenced the host physiology.Conclusion: Lactobacillus and Bacteroides play key roles in the process of detoxification and improving the immune response. We, therefore, believe that these results may be useful for determining whether disturbances in the intestinal microflora, such as the toxic effects of DON and ZEN, can be treated by modulating the intestinal bacterial flora.

Composition of Bacterial Communities Associated with Aurelia aurita Changes with Compartment, Life Stage, and Population

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01601-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (17) ◽

pp. 6038-6052 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Nancy Weiland-Bräuer ◽

Sven C. Neulinger ◽

Nicole Pinnow ◽

Sven Künzel ◽

John F. Baines ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Stage ◽

Aurelia Aurita ◽

Ecosystem Change ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fish Analysis ◽

Life Stages ◽

Ambient Water ◽

Community Patterns ◽

Content Type ◽

Specific Community

ABSTRACTThe scyphozoanAurelia auritais recognized as a key player in marine ecosystems and a driver of ecosystem change. It is thus intensely studied to address ecological questions, although its associations with microorganisms remain so far undescribed. In the present study, the microbiota associated withA. auritawas visualized with fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) analysis, and community structure was analyzed with respect to different life stages, compartments, and populations ofA. auritaby 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We demonstrate that the composition of theA. auritamicrobiota is generally highly distinct from the composition of communities present in ambient water. Comparison of microbial communities from different developmental stages reveals evidence for life stage-specific community patterns. Significant restructuring of the microbiota during strobilation from benthic polyp to planktonic life stages is present, arguing for a restructuring during the course of metamorphosis. Furthermore, the microbiota present in different compartments of the adult medusa (exumbrella mucus and gastric cavity) display significant differences, indicating body part-specific colonization. A novelMycoplasmastrain was identified in both compartment-specific microbiota and is most likely present inside the epithelium as indicated by FISH analysis of polyps, indicating potential endosymbiosis. Finally, comparison of polyps of different populations kept under the same controlled laboratory conditions in the same ambient water showed population-specific community patterns, most likely due the genetic background of the host. In conclusion, the presented data indicate that the associated microbiota ofA. auritamay play important functional roles, e.g., during the life cycle.

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene for Forensic Soil Comparison: A Feasibility Study

Journal of Forensic Sciences ◽

10.1111/1556-4029.13049 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 607-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ellen M. Jesmok ◽

James M. Hopkins ◽

David R. Foran

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Next Generation ◽

Generation Sequencing ◽

Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

‘And all my children?’

10.1093/oso/9780198828556.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte Scott

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Life Stage ◽

Early Modern Period ◽

Life Stages ◽

Cultural Imagination ◽

Modern Period

Beginning with an exploration of the role of the child in the cultural imagination, Chapter 1 establishes the formative and revealing ways in which societies identify themselves in relation to how they treat their children. Focusing on Shakespeare and the early modern period, Chapter 1 sets out to determine the emotional, symbolic, and political registers through which children are depicted and discussed. Attending to the different life stages and representations of the child on stage, this chapter sets out the terms of the book’s enquiry: what role do children play in Shakespeare’s plays; how do we recognize them as such—age, status, parental dynamic—and what are the effects of their presence? This chapter focuses on how the early moderns understood the child, as a symbolic figure, a life stage, a form of obligation, a profound bond, and an image of servitude.

Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity

Genome Biology ◽

10.1186/s13059-019-1831-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert C. Kaplan ◽

Zheng Wang ◽

Mykhaylo Usyk ◽

Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽

Martha L. Daviglus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Health Study ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

The Usa

Abstract Background Hispanics living in the USA may have unrecognized potential birthplace and lifestyle influences on the gut microbiome. We report a cross-sectional analysis of 1674 participants from four centers of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), aged 18 to 74 years old at recruitment. Results Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 and fungal ITS1 fragments from self-collected stool samples indicate that the host microbiome is determined by sociodemographic and migration-related variables. Those who relocate from Latin America to the USA at an early age have reductions in Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios that persist across the life course. Shannon index of alpha diversity in fungi and bacteria is low in those who relocate to the USA in early life. In contrast, those who relocate to the USA during adulthood, over 45 years old, have high bacterial and fungal diversity and high Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios, compared to USA-born and childhood arrivals. Low bacterial diversity is associated in turn with obesity. Contrasting with prior studies, our study of the Latino population shows increasing Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio with greater obesity. Taxa within Acidaminococcus, Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, YS2 (Cyanobacteria), and Victivallaceae are significantly associated with both obesity and earlier exposure to the USA, while Oscillospira and Anaerotruncus show paradoxical associations with both obesity and late-life introduction to the USA. Conclusions Our analysis of the gut microbiome of Latinos demonstrates unique features that might be responsible for health disparities affecting Hispanics living in the USA.

Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽

10.3390/life10110254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Jianqing Zhu ◽

Jie Fang ◽

Li Shen ◽

Shuojia Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Life Stages ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Inference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.