scholarly journals Detection of Canine Vector-Borne Filariasis and Their Wolbachia Endosymbionts in French Guiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Laidoudi ◽  
Jean-Lou Marié ◽  
Djamel Tahir ◽  
Stéphanie Watier-Grillot ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cercopithifilaria Bainae ◽  
Canine Heartworm Disease ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Acanthocheilonema Reconditum ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Species Specific

In French Guiana, canine heartworm disease is well known, but the diversity of filarial parasites of dogs remains largely unknown. A total of 98 canine blood samples from Cayenne and Kourou were assessed by a blood wet mount preparation, heartworm antigen test and molecular exploration of filarioid and Wolbachia DNAs, followed by a multiplex species-specific qPCR’s identification and a subsequent sequencing analysis. Thereafter, a phylogeny based on maximum likelihood was carried out to facilitate specific identification. Five dogs were microfilaremic. Heartworm antigens were detected in 15 (15.3%) dogs. Of these, six (6.1%) were considered as occult infections as neither microfilariae nor Dirofilaria immitis DNA were detected. The 11 (11.2%) D. immitis isolates corresponded to a low virulent strain. Six of the D. immitis isolates were positive for Wolbachia endosymbionts of D. immitis belonging to the clade C DNA. Acanthocheilonema reconditum DNA was detected in 3 (3.1%) samples. Of these latter, one was found co-infected with the Brugia sp. genotype and the DNA of the clade D of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Brugia species. This latter was also detected in two filarioid DNA-free samples. Finally, two samples were positive for Cercopithifilaria bainae genotype, which is distinct from those identified in Europe. The present study highlights the urgent need to implement chemoprophylaxis associated with anti-Wolbachia drugs to control these potential zoonoses.

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Sophia Di Cataldo ◽  
Catalina Muñoz-San Martín ◽  
Claudia Hernández ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Acanthocheilonema Reconditum ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Hematological Alterations

Abstract Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprises a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential “hidden” hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more pathogens.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of Leishmania sp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or protected wild carnivores.

scholarly journals PO 8505 LEISHMANIASIS IN ANGOLA – AN EMERGING DISEASE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A47.3-A48
Author(s):  
Sofia Cortes ◽  
André Pereira ◽  
Jocelyne Vasconcelos ◽  
Joana P Paixão ◽  
Joltim Quivinja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
African Patient ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPoverty, lack of resources, inadequate treatments and control programmes exacerbate the impact of infectious diseases in the developing world. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is among the ten major neglected tropical diseases. Although endemic in more than 90 countries, the ones most affected, representing over 90% of new cases, are Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, and Sudan. In Africa south of the equator, the impact of leishmaniasis is much lower. In several countries, like Angola, little is known about this infectious neglected disease. In the 1970s, a group of Portuguese researchers described three cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children from Huambo district and in the 1990s visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in an African patient. More recently a canine survey in Luanda revealed two Leishmania-infected dogs.After some suspected cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Huambo region in 2017, the Angola health authorities and the Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisbon, Portugal, established a collaboration to analyse samples from some suspected cases.MethodsThree paraffin-embedded human skin samples from dermatological lesions were sent to IHMT for molecular analysis. After DNA extraction, PCR was performed by using four protocols with different molecular markers.ResultsOne PCR protocol using a nested approach was positive in two of the samples. Sequencing analysis confirmed Leishmania sp. DNA.ConclusionThis was the first time that suspected human cutaneous samples were screened for leishmaniasis by molecular methods with detection of Leishmania sp. DNA. These preliminary studies highlight the need for higher awareness of health professionals for leishmaniasis clinical forms, to recognise risk factors and the epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in the Huambo province. It would be relevant to perform further epidemiological studies to confirm if this vector-borne disease could be emergent in this country.

scholarly journals 31P-NMR Metabolomics Revealed Species-Specific Use of Phosphorous in Trees of a French Guiana Rainforest

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3960
Author(s):  
Albert Gargallo-Garriga ◽  
Jordi Sardans ◽  
Joan Llusià ◽  
Guille Peguero ◽  
Dolores Asensio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Total P

Productivity of tropical lowland moist forests is often limited by availability and functional allocation of phosphorus (P) that drives competition among tree species and becomes a key factor in determining forestall community diversity. We used non-target 31P-NMR metabolic profiling to study the foliar P-metabolism of trees of a French Guiana rainforest. The objective was to test the hypotheses that P-use is species-specific, and that species diversity relates to species P-use and concentrations of P-containing compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, phosphonates and organic polyphosphates. We found that tree species explained the 59% of variance in 31P-NMR metabolite profiling of leaves. A principal component analysis showed that tree species were separated along PC 1 and PC 2 of detected P-containing compounds, which represented a continuum going from high concentrations of metabolites related to non-active P and P-storage, low total P concentrations and high N:P ratios, to high concentrations of P-containing metabolites related to energy and anabolic metabolism, high total P concentrations and low N:P ratios. These results highlight the species-specific use of P and the existence of species-specific P-use niches that are driven by the distinct species-specific position in a continuum in the P-allocation from P-storage compounds to P-containing molecules related to energy and anabolic metabolism.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterization of Human Enteroviruses, Human Cosaviruses, and a New Human Parechovirus Type in Healthy Individuals in Osun State, Nigeria, 2016/2017

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folakemi Abiodun Osundare ◽  
Oladele Oluyinka Opaleye ◽  
Akeem Abiodun Akindele ◽  
Samuel Adeyinka Adedokun ◽  
Olusola Anuoluwapo Akanbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific

Human enteroviruses and human parechoviruses are associated with a broad range of diseases and even severe and fatal conditions. For human cosaviruses, the etiological role is yet unknown. Little is known about the circulation of non-polio enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses in Nigeria. A total of 113 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals in Osun State between February 2016 and May 2017. RT-PCR assays targeting the 5′ non-coding region (5′ -NCR) were used to screen for human enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses. For human enteroviruses, species-specific RT-PCR assays targeting the VP1 regions were used for molecular typing. Inoculation was carried out on RD-A, CaCo-2, HEp-2C, and L20B cell lines to compare molecular and virological assays. Ten samples tested positive for enterovirus RNA with 11 strains detected, including CV-A13 (n = 3), E-18 (n = 2), CV-A20 (n = 1), CV-A24 (n = 1), EV-C99 (n = 1), and EV-C116 (n = 2). Three samples tested positive for human parechovirus RNA, and full genome sequencing on two samples allowed assignment to a new Parechovirus A type (HPeV-19). Thirty-three samples tested positive for cosavirus with assignment to species Cosavirus D and Cosavirus A based on the 5′-NCR region. Screening of stool samples collected from healthy individuals in Nigeria in 2016 and 2017 revealed a high diversity of circulating human enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses. Molecular assays for genotyping showed substantial benefits compared with those of cell-culture assays.

scholarly journals Rapid ageing and species identification of natural mosquitoes for malaria surveillance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen J. Siria ◽  
Roger Sanou ◽  
Joshua Mitton ◽  
Emmanuel P. Mwanga ◽  
Abdoulaye Niang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe malaria parasite, which is transmitted by several Anopheles mosquito species, requires more time to reach its human-transmissible stage than the average lifespan of a mosquito. Monitoring the species-specific age structure of mosquito populations is critical to evaluating the impact of vector control interventions on malaria risk. We developed a rapid, cost-effective surveillance method based on deep learning of mid-infrared spectra of mosquitoes’ cuticle that simultaneously identifies the species and the age of three main malaria vectors, in natural populations. Using over 40,000 ecologically and genetically diverse females, we could speciate and age grade An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, and An. coluzzii with up to 95% accuracy. Further, our model learned the age of new populations with minimal sampling effort and detected the impact of control interventions on simulated mosquito populations, measured as a shift in their age structures. We anticipate our method to be applied to other arthropod vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3832-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Nilsson ◽  
Monica H Solbakken ◽  
Boris V Schmid ◽  
Russell J S Orr ◽  
Ruichen Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Great Gerbil ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Genome Assemblies

Abstract The great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) is a social rodent living in permanent, complex burrow systems distributed throughout Central Asia, where it serves as the main host of several important vector-borne infectious pathogens including the well-known plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis). Here, we present a continuous annotated genome assembly of the great gerbil, covering over 96% of the estimated 2.47-Gb genome. Taking advantage of the recent genome assemblies of the sand rat (Psammomys obesus) and the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), comparative immunogenomic analyses reveal shared gene losses within TLR gene families (i.e., TLR8, TLR10, and the entire TLR11-subfamily) for Gerbillinae, accompanied with signs of diversifying selection of TLR7 and TLR9. Most notably, we find a great gerbil-specific duplication of the MHCII DRB locus. In silico analyses suggest that the duplicated gene provides high peptide binding affinity for Yersiniae epitopes as well as Leishmania and Leptospira epitopes, putatively leading to increased capability to withstand infections by these pathogens. Our study demonstrates the power of whole-genome sequencing combined with comparative genomic analyses to gain deeper insight into the immunogenomic landscape of the great gerbil and its close relatives.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Gene Expression Profiling and Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Disease Progression in Myeloma Reveals Vigorous Clonal Evolution in Patients with High Baseline Genetic Risk.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2810-2810
Author(s):  
Jan Egan ◽  
Jonathan J Keats ◽  
P. Leif Bergsagel ◽  
Rodger E. Tiedemann ◽  
John Carpten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract Abstract 2810 Poster Board II-786 We wished to explore the genetic events associated with disease progression and development of drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). To do so 11 patients were studied in whom at least two (range 2-3) temporally distinct samples of tumor DNA and RNA were available. The baseline genetic initiating event was defined for all patients (3 were genetic high risk; one with t(14;16) two with t(4;14)) as well as the gene expression profile (GEP) defined risk score using the Little Rock 70 or 17 gene panel (only one, the t(14;16) was GEP defined high risk). High resolution array CGH and gene expression were then performed on each sample. Of the 8 patients with a “low risk” tumor initiating event and low risk GEP score, 6 patients had no, or only one, copy number abnormality (CNA) change between the two temporally distinct MM samples. In stark contrast the 3 genetic high risk at baseline had between 17 and 40 distinct CNA changes at the time of progression. For all 11 patients 89 CNA were acquired with progression whereas 19 previously abnormal regions disappeared suggesting clones with these abnormalities were extinguished by the therapy received. In total we detected 0-40 CNA changes between the various timepoints, median 1, mean 10.7. The acquisition of new CNA was much more common than the loss of CNA. We then focused more specifically on the t(4;14) patient with the highest number of CNA changes. This patient has a well documented clinical course of having a sustained two year VGPR to Len/dex and then progressing while still taking Len/dex. Comparison of the pre and post-Len/dex samples identified 40 CNA changes(the most of any pair studied to date). Only six CNA were shared between the two samples, which included deletions of chr4, 9, 12, 13, and X plus a t(4;14) translocation. These likely represent the initiating “driver” tumor events. The new CNA we identified originated from both remodeled genomic changes and the emergence of unique changes, indicating a new tumor clone had emerged while the previously dominant clone had regressed (e.g. a deletion of a large segment of chromosome 8 at diagnosis was no longer observed in the relapse sample). The newly acquired CNA encompassed 3968 genes (13.7% of the genes in the genome), however, only 1235 of these genes (4%) were expressed in this patient at diagnosis (1188 in the typical myeloma patient). Since 1235 genes is still a large number we hypothesized that whole genome sequencing (WGS) would help elucidate the mechanism of lenalidomide resistance. We isolated DNA from germline tissue and CD138 purified tumor cells including: diagnostic, first relapse and second relapse samples. Utilizing SOLiD (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) sequencing technology, we have completed fragment library WGS on both the germline and the final tumor samples. Quality control measures report the average number of sequence reads per start point to be less than 1.2, indicating the library is primarily composed of unique molecules. In addition, approximately 40% of the sequence reads map uniquely to the genome. Together these quality measures indicate our sample libraries are complex and provide good representation of the genome. Data on the whole genome sequence of myeloma at diagnosis and at the time of progression will be presented. Disclosures: Bergsagel: Celgene: Consultancy.

Enzyme variation in Chthamalus stellatus and Chthamalus montagui (Crustacea: Cirripedia): evidence for the presence of C. montagui in the Adriatic

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Dando ◽  
A. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Variation ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
South West ◽  
External Shell ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Chthamalus Montagui ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Distinct Separation ◽  
South West England

The electrophoretic mobilities of 13 enzymes in two species of Chthamalus, C. stellatus Poli and C. montagui Southward, were compared. These species differed absolutely for eight of the enzymes and exhibited some species-specific allozymes for a further four enzymes. No evidence of hybridization was found. The observed mean heterozygosity was 0087 for C. stellatus and 0179 for C. montagui.A sample of ‘C. montagui’ from Venice differed from two samples from south-west England in external shell characters and in allozyme frequency for two enzymes. These differences are thought to be the result of a geographical cline rather than a distinct separation of subspecies.

scholarly journals Serological and molecular analysis of feline vector-borne anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis using species-specific peptides and PCR

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Hegarty ◽  
Barbara A. Qurollo ◽  
Brittany Thomas ◽  
Karen Park ◽  
Ramaswamy Chandrashekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Subtype distribution and molecular characterization of Blastocystis from hemodialysis patients in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1448-1454
Author(s):  
Baris Gulhan ◽  
Merve Aydin ◽  
Mehtap Demirkazik ◽  
Ismail Soner Koltas ◽  
Aytekin Cikman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Blastocystis Subtype ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Dna Sequencing Analysis ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Multiple Symptoms ◽  
Subtype Distribution

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the Blastocystis prevalence and subtypes in hemodialysis patients in Turkey. Methodology: Eighty-four patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blastocystis presence was investigated by native-Lugol, trichrome staining, PCR using STS primers, and DNA sequencing analysis. Results: Among the stool samples from the hemodialysis patients, 9.52% (8/84) were found to be Blastocystis-positive with the native-Lugol and trichrome staining. Seven of the eight Blastocystis isolates were subtyped using STS primers. Blastocystis subtype distribution was as follows: one had ST1, two had ST2, two had ST3, two had ST3+ST6, and one was not subtyped. Blastocystis positivity was detected in two healthy control (2/20, %10), one subject had ST1, and the other was not subtyped. All subtypes identified by PCR were confirmed by the sequencing analysis. In the two samples that had mixed subtypes (ST3+ST6) when using the STS primers, only ST3 was detected in the sequencing analysis. Although some patients have multiple symptoms, the most common symptoms in Blastocystis positive patients were bloating (5/8), diarrhea (4/8), nausea and vomiting (2/8), and gas and weight loss (1/8). Also, only one patient had Giardia intestinalis. Conclusions: This was the first study to determine the Blastocystis subtypes in hemodialysis patients. A rare subtype, ST6, was identified in two of the patients. Thus, the ST6 infections were attributable to transmission from poultry infections. The presence of this unusual subtype suggests the need for further extensive studies of hemodialysis patients.

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