scholarly journals Diatoms in Volcanic Soils of Mutnovsky and Gorely Volcanoes (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Alfiya Fazlutdinova ◽  
Yunir Gabidullin ◽  
Rezeda Allaguvatova ◽  
Lira Gaysina
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Diatom Algae ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Knowledge

Volcanic activity has a great impact on terrestrial ecosystems, including soil algae in general and diatoms in particular. To understand the influence of volcanoes on the biodiversity of diatoms, it is necessary to explore the flora of these microorganisms in regions with high volcanic activity, which includes the Kamchatka peninsula. During the study on diatoms in the soils of Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes of Kamchatka, 38 taxa were found. The Mutnovsky volcano diatom flora was more diverse and accounted for 35 taxa. Eunotia curtagrunowii, Humidophila contenta, and Pinnularia borealis were the dominant species. In the Gorely volcano, only 9 species were identified, with Caloneis bacillum and Pinnularia borealis prevailing in the samples. Overall, the genera Pinnularia and Eunotia were the most diverse in the studied area. The diatom flora of the studied volcanoes comprises mostly cosmopolitan small-sized taxa with a wide range of ecological plasticity. Our data confirm the high adaptive potential of diatom algae and add new knowledge about the ecology and biogeography of this group of microorganisms.

scholarly journals The Role of the Reactive Species Involved in the Photocatalytic Degradation of HDPE Microplastics Using C,N-TiO2 Powders

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranza Denisse Vital-Grappin ◽  
Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona ◽  
Valeria Montserrat Luna-Hernández ◽  
Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems throughout the planet. They are known to adsorb hazardous substances and can transfer them across the trophic web. To eliminate MPs pollution in an environmentally friendly process, we propose using a photocatalytic process that can easily be implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As photocatalysis involves the formation of reactive species such as holes (h+), electrons (e−), hydroxyl (OH●), and superoxide ion (O2●−) radicals, it is imperative to determine the role of those species in the degradation process to design an effective photocatalytic system. However, for MPs, this information is limited in the literature. Therefore, we present such reactive species’ role in the degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MPs using C,N-TiO2. Tert-butanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tiron, and Cu(NO3)2 were confirmed as adequate OH●, h+, O2●− and e− scavengers. These results revealed for the first time that the formation of free OH● through the pathways involving the photogenerated e− plays an essential role in the MPs’ degradation. Furthermore, the degradation behaviors observed when h+ and O2●− were removed from the reaction system suggest that these species can also perform the initiating step of degradation.

Materials to cyanobacterial and algal flora from volcanic soils of Shiveluch volcano

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Rezeda Z. Allaguvatova ◽  
Veronika B. Bagmet ◽  
Arthur Yu. v Nikulin ◽  
Shamil R. Abdullin ◽  
Andrey A. Gontcharo
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Shiveluch Volcano ◽  
Nitzschia Palea ◽  
Terrestrial Cyanobacteria ◽  
Composition Study ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae ◽  
Tetradesmus Obliquus

During the species composition study of terrestrial cyanobacteria and algae from volcanic soils of Shiveluch Volcano (Kamchatka peninsula, Russia) eighteen taxa from five phyla were revealed: Cyanobacteria – 4, Bacillariophyta – 4, Ochrophyta – 2 (Eustigmatophyceae – 1, Xanthophyceae – 1), Charophyta – 1, Chlorophyta – 7 (Chlorophyceae – 2, Trebouxiophyceae – 5). Nitzschia communis Rabenhorst, Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith, Eolimna minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Eremochloris sp., Tetradesmus obliquus (Turpin) M.J. Wynne, Nostoc edaphicum Kondratyeva were most frequency.

Processes of Socialization to Sexuality and Discrimination in the Web Society

2022 ◽  
pp. 820-839
Author(s):  
Marianna Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
The Web

The diffusion of new media, of online communication, and the increasingly evident overlap between online and offline environments generates a specific question for scientific research on how these contents can represent an opportunity for “emancipation” and at the same time new areas in which can experience processes of exclusion, in particular for the LGBT community. In this sense, social media offers transgender people a wide range of tools and applications to create new knowledge, interact with other people, create new meeting opportunities, or trace new relationships and/or new emotional and sexual experiences. This research work aims to investigate the psychological, relational, and social aspects of transgender people who use social media and dating apps as communication spaces and relational environments in order to outline the peculiar aspects of media consumption, regulatory access and processes of stigmatization, and social discriminations by the web.

Prometheus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

It is sometimes said that humans were born of fire. While a wide range of animal species interact with fire, we appear to be the only species to have learned to tame it, and more importantly to make it. There is evidence that early humans were aware of fire and may have exploited naturally occurring fire, but only later did they control and manage it. Human interaction with fire must have proceeded through various levels, the first of which can be described as the opportunistic phase. In this phase, natural fire may have been exploited to help in hunting, for example. When, how, and why did this happen? It is widely agreed that our story begins in Africa. It is here that we see the evolution of hominins, a group of related genera that include the Australopithecines and later the genus Homo. How common would fire have been in the environments in which they lived? We already know from the study of fossil plants, as well as isotope data, that there were important changes in both the vegetation and climate over the past 10 million years. It is also during this time interval that hominins emerged from apes. Through the Oligocene and Miocene (30–8 million years ago), Africa was largely covered by tropical rainforest, where fire was present but infrequent, started both by lightning strikes and volcanic activity. As the climate began to dry and C4 grasses spread at the end of the Miocene Epoch, around 8 million years ago, habitats became more open. Fire became more frequent, and from an animal perspective would have become more visible, not just from flames but also smoke. Frequent fire in the landscape would have had many consequences for the early hominins, not just because game was more easily killed, but burned animals (naturally cooked meat) would have made a useful addition to the diet, and the new flush of growth following fire would also have attracted large herds of herbivores. Fire may have been conserved through adding fuel, including dung, which is slow burning.

Benthic Fauna Colonization of a New Reservoir with Particular Reference to the Chironomidae

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Paterson ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Laurel Creek ◽  
Chironomid Fauna ◽  
New Reservoir

At the time of first filling of Laurel Creek Reservoir in the spring of 1967 the benthic fauna consisted of submerged terrestrial organisms and obligate and facultative rheophilic species. Two months after initial filling substantial populations of colonizing limnophilic species developed in the habitat whereas the terrestrial and obligate rheophilic components were lost. By the 4th month the fauna was dominated by euryoxybiontic limnophiles and by facultative species. In the period immediately prior to reservoir drainage in the autumn of 1967 the population densities of the euryoxybiontic chironomids declined whereas polyoxybiontic species continued to increase in abundance. These changes in the dominance hierarchy of the chironomid fauna were associated with the partial loss of the rich deposits of organic debris by siltation and decomposition. Survival of winter drainage of the reservoir by many limnophilic species produced an appreciably different pattern of colonization when the reservoir refilled in 1968. During the second summer of the reservoir's existence most euryoxybiontic chironomids further declined in abundance and were replaced by polyoxybiontic forms as the dominant species. The facultative species originally derived from the creek fauna are adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions and the modifications of the reservoir habitat with time had little effect on their abundance.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Reactivity of C1 and C2 organohalogens formation – from plant litter to bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3721-3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Wang ◽  
T. W. Ng ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
R. A. Dahlgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Organic N ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
N Pool

Abstract. C1/C2 organohalogens (organohalogens with one or two carbon atoms) can have significant environmental toxicity and ecological impact, such as carcinogenesis, ozone depletion and global warming. Natural halogenation processes have been identified for a wide range of natural organic matter, including soils, plant and animal debris, algae, and fungi. Yet, few have considered these organohalogens generated from the ubiquitous bacteria, one of the largest biomass pools on earth. Here, we report and confirm the formation of chloroform (CHCl3) dichloro-acetonitrile (CHCl2CN), chloral hydrate (CCl3CH(OH)2) and their brominated analogues by direct halogenation of seven strains of common bacteria and nine cellular monomers. Comparing different major C stocks during litter decomposition stages in terrestrial ecosystems, from plant litter, decomposed litter, to bacteria, we found increasing reactivity for nitrogenous organohalogen yield with decreasing C/N ratio. Our results raise the possibility that natural halogenation of bacteria represents a significant and overlooked contribution to global organohalogen burdens. As bacteria are decomposers that alter the C quality by transforming organic matter pools from high to low C/N ratio and constitute a large organic N pool, the bacterial activity is expected to affect the C, N, and halogen cycling through natural halogenation reactions.

Phenology-induced energy and carbon fluxes in land surface models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan De Pue ◽  
José Miguel Barrios ◽  
Fabienne Maignan ◽  
Liyang Liu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Modelling Strategies ◽  
Phenological Cycle

<p>The annual phenological cycle is of key importance for the carbon and energy fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Although the processes controlling budburst and leaf senescence are fairly well known, the connection between plant phenology and the carbon fluxes remains a challenging aspect in land surface modelling (LSM). In this study, the modelling strategies of three well stablished LSM are compared. The LSM considered in this study were: ORCHIDEE, ISBA-A-gs and the model driving the LSA-SAF evapotranspiration product (https://landsaf.ipma.pt). The latter model does not simulate the carbon fluxes but focuses on the computation of evapotranspiration and energy fluxes.<br>The phenological cycle is simulated explicitly in the ORCHIDEE model, using empirical relations based on temperature sum, water availability, and other variables. In the ISBA-A-gs model, phenology and LAI development is fully photosynthesis-driven. The phenology in the LSA-SAF model is driven by remote sensing forcing variables, such as LAI observations. Alternatively, the assimilation of remote sensing LAI products is a convenient method to improve the simulated phenological cycle in land surface models. A dedicated module for this operation is available in ISBA-A-gs.<br>Simulations were performed over a wide range of climatological conditions and plant functional types. The results were then validated with in-situ measurements conducted at Fluxnet stations. In addition to the comparison between measured and modelled carbon fluxes, the validation in this study included the intra-annual variation in the simulated phenological cycle.</p>

Contrasting changes in surface waters and barrens over the past 60 years for a subarctic forest–tundra site in northern Manitoba based on remote sensing imagery

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Umbanhowar ◽  
Philip Camill ◽  
Mark Edlund ◽  
Christoph Geiss ◽  
Wesley Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Remote Sensing Imagery ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Wide Range

Intensified warming in the Arctic and Subarctic is resulting in a wide range of changes in the extent, productivity, and composition of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Analysis of remote sensing imagery has documented regional changes in the number and area of ponds and lakes as well as expanding cover of shrubs and small trees in uplands. To better understand long-term changes across the edaphic gradient, we compared the number and area of water bodies and dry barrens (>100 m2) between 1956 (aerial photographs) and 2008–2011 (high-resolution satellite images) for eight ∼25 km2 sites near Nejanilini Lake, Manitoba (59.559°N, 97.715°W). In the modern landscape, the number of water bodies and barrens were similar (1162 versus 1297, respectively), but water bodies were larger (mean 3.1 × 104 versus 681 m2, respectively) and represented 17% of surface area compared with 0.4% for barrens. Over the past 60 years, total surface area of water did not change significantly (16.7%–17.1%) despite a ∼30% decrease in numbers of small (<1000 m2) water bodies. However, the number and area of barrens decreased (55% and 67%, respectively) across all size classes. These changes are consistent with Arctic greening in response to increasing temperature and precipitation. Loss of small water bodies suggests that wet tundra areas may be drying, which, if true, may have important implications for carbon balance. Our observations may be the result of changes in winter conditions in combination with low permafrost ice content in the region, in part explaining regional variations in responses to climate change.

scholarly journals PROBLEM MENDASAR YANG MUNCUL DARI PERKEMBANGAN ILMU DI BIDANG HUKUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Wawan Irawan
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Problem ◽  
Historical Necessity

Recording the history of science can be traced back to thousands of years before Christ until now. Historical necessity gave birth to a wide range of concepts about the nature of science. Law as science has a distinctive character (suigeneris), that it is normative. Those characteristics caused some law scholars that do not understand the characteristics of jurisprudence have doubted law as a science. Doubt it caused more normative jurisprudence rather than empirical and his study object with respect to the guidance of behavior in a way that compliance is not entirely dependent on free will is concerned, but can be imposed by a public authority.Through science we generate new knowledge. Since the beginning of human civilization, Law has progressed in a continuous process. Progress toward understanding and managing the law-science problem seems to require disaggregating the questions. If we look carefully at what kind of "science" and what kind of "law," then perhaps we can get some analytic leverage. If we cut the general problem into little pieces, we can atleast ask more precisely what is problematic at which particular law-science interface.

scholarly journals Diversity, Distribution and Morphological Characterization of Wild Macro Fungi from Gajni Forest

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
D. R. B. Sonchita ◽  
F. M. Aminuzzaman ◽  
A. A. Joty ◽  
J. F. Tanni ◽  
M. N. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Made In

Survey on macro fungi was made in Gajni forest, Sherpur, Bangladesh which is located in between 24°18' and 25°18' north latitudes and in between 89°53' and 90°91' east longitudes. It is bounded by Meghalaya state of India on the north, Mymensingh and Jamalpur districts on the south with a wide range of ecosystem. The survey was conducted on July to December, 2018 to identify and preserve wood-rot causal macro fungi for future industrial utilization. Morphology of basidiocarp and characteristics of basidiospore were recorded. A total of 20 samples were collected and identified to 12 species belonging 7 families. Dominant species was Ganoderma species. The identified four species were from Ganodermataceae family and these were G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. tropicum and G. lobetum. Other dominant genus was Russula. Other recorded genera were Hebeloma, Boletus, Phlebopus and Entoloma. Among them the highest frequency (85.72%) was recorded for G. applanatum and lowest frequency (7.14%) was recorded for Phlebopus marginatus. Similarly highest density (20.25%) was recorded for Agaricus sp. followed by G. lucidum (15.85%). The lowest density was (2.14%) was recorded for Phlebopus marginatus. Collected specimens were preserved in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Herberium of Macro fungi (SHMF) for further study.

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