scholarly journals The Influence of Artificial Fusarium Infection on Oat Grain Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Michaela Havrlentová ◽  
Svetlana Šliková ◽  
Veronika Gregusová ◽  
Bernadett Kovácsová ◽  
Andrea Lančaričová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fusarium Infection ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Adverse environmental conditions, such as various biotic and abiotic stresses, are the primary reason for decreased crop productivity. Oat, as one of the world’s major crops, is an important cereal in human nutrition. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of inoculation with two species of the genus Fusarium on the selected qualitative parameters of oat grain intended for the food industry. Artificial inoculation caused a statistically significant decrease in the content of starch, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in oat grains compared to the control. Moreover, artificial inoculation had no statistically significant effect on the content of β-D-glucans, total dietary fiber, total lipids, palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids. An increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oat grains was observed after inoculation. The most important indicator of Fusarium infection was the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the grain. The content of β-D-glucans, as a possible protective barrier in the cell wall, did not have a statistically significant effect on the inoculation manifestation in the grain.

scholarly journals Response of Wheat Storage Proteins and Breadmaking Quality to Dimethylpyrazole-Based Nitrification Inhibitors under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Splitting Strategies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Ximena Huérfano ◽  
José-María Estavillo ◽  
Miren K. Duñabeitia ◽  
María-Begoña González-Moro ◽  
Carmen González-Murua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Isomeric Mixture ◽  
Breadmaking Quality

Improving fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency is essential to increase crop productivity and avoid environmental damage. This study was conducted during four crop cycles of winter wheat under humid Mediterranean conditions (Araba, northern Spain). The effects of N-fertilization splitting and the application of the nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) as strategies to improve grain quality were examined. The hypothesis of this study was to test if the partial ammonium nutrition and the reduction of fertilizer losses presumably induced by the application of NIs can modify the grain gliadin and glutenin protein contents and the breadmaking quality (dough rheological properties). Among both NIs assayed, only DMPP showed a slight effect of decreasing the omega gliadin fraction, following splitting either two or three times, although this effect was dependent on the year and was not reflected in terms of dough extensibility. The slight decreases observed in grain quality in terms of dough strength and glutenin content induced by DMPP suggest that DMPSA is more promising in terms of maintaining grain quality. Nonetheless, these poor effects exerted by NI application on grain quality parameters did not lead to changes in the quality parameters defining the flour aptitudes for breadmaking.

scholarly journals Waste management using vermicompost derived liquids in sustainable horticulture

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shirani Bidabadi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Sustainable Horticulture ◽  
Hospital Wastes

The technology of vermicomposting containing their leachates, teas and other extracts such as vermiwash as a result of earthworm action is widely applied for safe management of agricultural, industrial, domestic and hospital wastes. Remediation of polluted soils, improving crop productivity and inducing the resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses are other advantages of vermicompost derived liquids when used in agriculture. Contrary to the fact that chemical fertilizers are still widely used in agriculture, societies gradually become aware of the negative effects of these fertilizers on their health. Therefore, vermicompost derived liquids contain high amount of valuable plant nutrients which has the potential to be used as liquid fertilizer. This paper reviews the potential of vermicompost derived liquids as as an efficient combination of nutrient source of vermicompost derived liquids contributing to plant growth and acting as a deterrent to biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Bromatological characterization of fruit waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Ciliana Flórez Montes ◽  
Andrés Felipe Rojas González ◽  
Sneyder Rodríguez Barona
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Tree Tomato

In Colombia, a high amount of fruit waste is currently generated. These causes a negative environmental impact due to its high organic load. However, this type of waste has compounds in its structure that can be used in order to reduce the environmental impact and to obtain added value. The main of this study was to characterize bromatologically sixteen residues of fruit processing in Colombia, in order to propose a possible use in the food industry. The bromatological characterization of the waste was carried out by means of the quantification of dry matter (ASTM E1756-08), ash (ASTM E1755-01), proteins (Kjeldahl method), crude fats (AOAC Official Method), total dietary fiber (AOAC 993.21) and carbohydrates. It was found that grape and soursop seeds, lulo peel and tree tomato stem presents the highest total dietary fiber with content percentages above 50 %. Also, tree tomato, soursop, tangerine and orange seeds are an important source of protein and crude fats, with values highest than 12 and 27 %, respectively. It was also found that pineapple, mango, soursop and grape peel have a carbohydrate content greater than 50%. As a conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that fruit waste have a potential use in the food industry, due to their protein, crude fat, total dietary fiber and carbohydrates content.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF BARLEY VARIETIES, CULTIVATED IN TATARSTAN, ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ирина Ганиева ◽  
Irina Ganieva ◽  
Василий Блохин ◽  
Vasiliy Blokhin ◽  
Денис Дюрбин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Maximum Content

The estimation of Raushan variety of barley and the new Kamazhevsky variety, which was regionalized in Tatarstan in 2017, is given. The experiment revealed the influence of weather conditions and varieties during the years of research (2015-2017), on the formation of grain productivity, the content of total nitrogen in the aboveground mass of plants, the accumulation of protein in grain and gross harvest of protein per hectare. It is noted that the productivity for different years are different, the highest yields of grain of Raushan and Kamashevsky varieties were obtained in 2017 - 4.62 and 5.21 tons per hectare, respectively, when the hydrothermal coefficient was 1.3 units. In comparison with 2015 the productivity of Raushan variety was higher to 1.89 tons per hectare and to 1.69 tons per hectare in 2016. The same pattern was also found in Kamashevsky variety, 1.64 and 1.52 tons per hectare, respectively. The average productivity of Raushan variety for 3 years was 3.43 tons per hectare, less to 0.73 tons per hectare than Kamashevsky. The highest nitrogen content (close to the optimum 4.7-5.1%) in the aboveground mass was found in 2016 in plants of Raushan variety of 4.3%, Kamashevsky variety 4.0%, whereas in 2017 - 2.89% and 3.32%, respectively. The nitrogen content in dry years is higher in the aboveground mass of the Raushan variety, beginning with the tillering phase - 4.3%, Kamashevsky variety - 4.0%. It was revealed that the maximum content of protein in grain grade Kamashevsky accumulate in arid 2015-2016 years - 13.84%, more by 0.95% than the Raushan variety. In 2017 the protein content in the grain was formed at the same level Raushan 11.77%, Kamashevsky 11.07%. Evaluation of varieties on the gross harvest of protein per hectare, shows that the Kamashevsky variety forms on average 5.37 tons per hectare of protein over 3 years, more than Raushan grade by 1.08 tons per hectare.

scholarly journals Screening economically important features of spring common wheat varieties of CIMMYT breeding in the central Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
V S Rubets ◽  
V V Pylnev ◽  
I N Voronchihina ◽  
Yu N Kotenko ◽  
D D Taranova
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spring Common Wheat

Abstract Creating of populations with wide genotypic diversity is the basis of successful selection of promising lines. This can be achieved by involving breeding material from various ecological and geographical origins, as well as interspecific hybrids, in crossing. 14 spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of CIMMYT breeding (Mexico) were researched to identify the genetic sources of economically important features. A number of these varieties proved to be the sources of adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and high grain quality. The yield properties of the Mexican varieties in the central Russia were at or below the standard – the ‘Zlata ’ wheat variety.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS AND MICROELEMENTS USE IN THE SPRING WHEAT GROWING TECHNOLOGY

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
V. P. Derevyansky ◽  
O. S. Vlasyuk ◽  
G. M. Malinovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Productivity

The paper presents the results of the efficiency study of seed treatment and foliar spraying of spring wheat crops with biopreparations and complex of microelements was studied. Compositions with the ability to reduce the spread of diseases, increase crop productivity and improve grain quality were selected.

scholarly journals Fusarium species: The occurrence and the importance in agriculture of Serbia

2009 ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
And Storage

Fusarium species have been isolated from over 100 plant species in Serbia. From the economic aspect, they have been and still are the most important for the production and storage of small grains and maize, and are exceptionally important for some other species. Total of 63 species, 35 varieties (var.) and 19 specialised forms (f. sp.) of basic species, particularly of F. oxysporum (4 var. and 12 f. sp.) and F. solani (7 var. and 3 f. sp.) were identified. Species F. langsethiae and F. thapsinum, recently identified, have been isolated from wheat and s o r g h u m seeds, respectively. F. graminearum is the most important pathogen for wheat, barely and maize, while F. poae is also important for wheat and barely. Furthermore, species of the section Liseola (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans and F. proliferatum) are important for maize and sorghum. In recent years, species of the section Liseola have been increasingly occurring in wheat and barley. The June-October period in Serbia is the most critical period for quality maintenance of stored maize, as the abundance and frequency of fungi, particularly of toxigenic species of the genus Fusarium, are the greatest during that period. In general, there is a lack of data about fusarioses of industrial crops in Serbia. There are mere descriptions of specific cases in which the development of Fusarium species was mostly emphasised by agroecological conditions. The presence of recently determined Fusarium species in kernels of these plant species indicates their importance from the aspect of the yield reduction and grain quality debasement and the mycotoxin contamination. Root rot and plant wilt are characteristic symptoms of fusarioses for forage and vegetable crops, while pathological changes in fruits provoked by Fusarium species are less frequent. F. oxysporum and its specialised forms prevail in these plant species.

scholarly journals Creation of winter wheat source material with increased adaptive potential to adverse environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Lida Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Source Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The goal until the last day was to create a new sort with high indicators of productivity, adaptability and quality of grain on the basis of the directed selection process and comprehensive study of hybrid material on field and laboratory estimations. Creation of initial material with high productivity, adaptability and grain quality by directed selection and hybrid material comprehensive study is described. General scientific, special genetic, field, laboratory methods, morphological analysis and statistical methods were used in the research. Given that the weight of grain from 1 ear is a marker in breeding for high yield (r=0.53), the largest (50 %) positive transgressions were in F1 hybrids using new genetic plasma varieties. Among hybrid populations F2, F3 and F4, selection value is represented by hybrid populations 4971 and 4976, which have the lowest stress resistance (–16.1, –18.6) and variation (16.9, 19.9) and the highest genetic stability (50.0, 50.2) and homeostaticity (19.1, 14.3), respectively. Among Control, Preliminary and Competitive tests, lines UK2621/18 and UK9855/18 have high stress resistance (–4.7, –5.8), homeostaticity (1416.0, 1008.0) and low variability (2.6 %, 3.5 %), respectively. They are the most adaptive and malleable to average and adverse environmental conditions. Line UK1182/17, which in 2020 was submitted for consideration to the State variety testing as "Blahovishchenska" (Kiev, Ukraine), was created using the purposeful method of pedigree in each link of selection. It has high adaptability, resistance to lodging, major diseases, high average yield (90.8 c/ha), and grain quality – it is strong wheat (protein amount 13.5–14.0 %, gluten – 30–35 %). Pedigree is the most effective method of continuous individual selection, which allows creating source material with high productivity, resistance to disease and adverse environmental factors

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОПЕРЕДНИКІВ НА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ М'ЯКОЇ ОЗИМОЇ

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Г. П. Жемела ◽  
С. М. Шакалій
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Important Reserve ◽  
Bare Fallow

Наведені дані щодо впливу попередників: чистогопару, гороху й кукурудзи на силос на врожайністьта якість зерна пшениці м'якої озимої. Виявлено,що найбільшу врожайність і найкращі показникиякості зерна мала пшениця озима, вирощена післячистого пару. Найгіршим попередником за данихумов була кукурудза на силос; після гороху отри-мано середню врожайність та показники якостізерна пшениці озимої. Тому важливим резервомзбільшення врожайності зерна пшениці та підви-щення її якості є науково обґрунтований вибірпопередника. The data about the influence of such predecessors as a bare fallow,peas and corn for silage on crop productivity and quality of softwinter wheat grain have been given. It has been noted that winterwheat grown after a bare fallow has the greatest crop productivityand the best grain quality indices. Corn for silage was the worstpredecessor. An average crop productivity and grain quality wasreceived after peas. Therefore, an important reserve of cropproductivity increasing and its quality are scientifically justifiedchoice of predecessor.

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