scholarly journals Dispersibility of Kaolinite-Rich Coal Gangue in Rubber Matrix and the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of the Composites

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Kenan Zhang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Linsong Liu ◽  
Yongjie Yang ◽  
Lihui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The aim of this work was to investigate the dispersibility of kaolinite-rich coal gangue in rubber matrix, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of coal gangue/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites, and to compare these properties to those of the same coal gangue but had undergone thermal activation and modification. Several experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), laser-scattering particle analyzer were adopted to characterize the coal gangue particles and then the obtained composites. The results demonstrated the raw coal gangue (RCG) was mainly composed of kaolinite. Calcination led to amorphization of thermal activated coal gangue (ACG), increased hydrophilicity and void volume, and decreased pH. The grain size of ACG became coarser than RCG, but ACG turned loose confirmed by higher degree of refinement after grinding. Modification enhanced the hydrophobicity of the coal gangue and improved its dispersibility than fillers without modification. Calcined samples had better dispersibility than uncalcined fillers. Additionally, the coal gangue treated by calcinating, grinding and modifying (MGA) had the best dispersion in rubber matrix. Either calcination or modification could improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of coal gangue filled rubber, while the performance of MGA reinforced SBR (MGA-SBR) was the best. The enhanced performance of the MGA-SBR was owed to better dispersion of particles as well as stronger interactions between particles and rubber macromolecules.

Natural Rubber and Rubber Blend Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-105
Author(s):  
Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites

Natural rubber (NR) is representative biomass polymer and the effective uses are strongly contributed to sustainable society. This chapter presents the innovative and advanced rubber nanocomposites with polystyrene-encapsulated silica nanohybrids (PS-nSiO2) subsequently used as a nanofiller for NR and NR/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR). The PS-nSiO2 were prepared via ‘in situ' differential microemulsion polymerization. The core-shell nanohybrids of PS-nSiO2 were achieved with an average diameter of 40 nm using a smaller amount of surfactant, compared to microemulsion polymerization method. Moreover, the effects of the NR and NR/SBR filled with PS-nSiO2 nanohybrids on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, flammability and morphology are also discussed. The results indicated that the encapsulation of nSiO2 with PS can provide not only the well-dispersion of nanoparticles in the rubber matrix but also the synergistic properties of two components from the polymer and the inorganic nanoparticles by improving mechanical properties, thermal stability and flammability of rubber nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Chloroprene/Natural/Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposite Properties Using Organoclays and Their Combination with Carbon Black as Fillers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Patricia Castaño-Rivera ◽  
Isabel Calle-Holguín ◽  
Johanna Castaño ◽  
Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas ◽  
Karen Galvez-Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Organoclay nanoparticles (Cloisite® C10A, Cloisite® C15) and their combination with carbon black (N330) were studied as fillers in chloroprene/natural/butadiene rubber blends to prepare nanocomposites. The effect of filler type and load on the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites was determined and correlated with its structure, compatibility and cure properties using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and rheometric analysis. Physical mechanical properties were improved by organoclays at 5–7 phr. Nanocomposites with organoclays exhibited a remarkable increase up to 46% in abrasion resistance. The improvement in properties was attributed to good organoclay dispersion in the rubber matrix and to the compatibility between them and the chloroprene rubber. Carbon black at a 40 phr load was not the optimal concentration to interact with organoclays. The present study confirmed that organoclays can be a reinforcing filler for high performance applications in rubber nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Isothermal Vulcanization and Non-Isothermal Degradation Kinetics of XNBR/Epoxy/XNBR-g-Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohamad Reza Paran ◽  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Elnaz Movahedifar ◽  
Maryam Jouyandeh ◽  
Krzysztof Formela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effect of several concentrations of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) functionalized halloysite nanotubes (XHNTs) on the vulcanization and degradation kinetics of XNBR/epoxy compounds were evaluated using experimental and theoretical methods. The isothermal vulcanization kinetics were studied at various temperatures by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained indicated that the nth order model could not accurately predict the curing performance. However, the autocatalytic approach can be used to estimate the vulcanization reaction mechanism of XNBR/epoxy/XHNTs nanocomposites. The kinetic parameters related to the degradation of XNBR/epoxy/XHNTs nanocomposites were also assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA measurements suggested that the grafted nanotubes strongly enhanced the thermal stability of the nanocomposite.

scholarly journals Hybrid Silica-Based Fillers in Nanocomposites: Influence of Isotropic/Isotropic and Isotropic/Anisotropic Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene (SBR)-Based Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
Mariapaola Staropoli ◽  
Vincent Rogé ◽  
Enzo Moretto ◽  
Joffrey Didierjean ◽  
Marc Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The improvement of mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites is usually obtained through a strong polymer–silica interaction. Most often, precipitated silica nanoparticles are used as filler. In this work, we study the synergetic effect occurring between dual silica-based fillers in a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/polybutadiene (PBD) rubber matrix. Precipitated Highly Dispersed Silica (HDS) nanoparticles (10 nm) have been associated with spherical Stöber silica nanoparticles (250 nm) and anisotropic nano-Sepiolite. By imaging filler at nano scale through Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, we have shown that anisotropic fillers align only in presence of a critical amount of HDS. The dynamic mechanical analysis of rubber compounds confirms that this alignment leads to a stiffer nanocomposite when compared to Sepiolite alone. On the contrary, spherical 250 nm nanoparticles inhibit percolation network and reduce the nanocomposite stiffness.

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Plastically Consolidated Al-Ni Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Włoch ◽  
Tomasz Skrzekut ◽  
Jakub Sobota ◽  
Antoni Woźnicki ◽  
Justyna Cisoń
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Mixed and preliminarily consolidated powders of aluminium and nickel (90 mass % Al and 10 mass % Ni) were hot extruded. As results the rod, 8 mm in diameter, was obtained. As-extruded material was subjected to the microstructural investigations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray analysis (XRD). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) were also performed. The mechanical properties of as extruded material were determined by the tensile test and Vickers hardness measurements. In order to evaluate the thermal stability of PM alloy, samples were annealed at the temperature of 475 and 550 °C. After annealing Vickers hardness measurements and tensile tests were carried out. The plastic consolidation of powders during extrusion was found to be very effective, because no pores or voids were observed in the examined material. The detailed microstructural investigations and XRD analyses did not reveal the presence of the intermetallic phases in the as-extruded material. During annealing, the Al3Ni intermetallic compound was formed as the result of chemical reaction between the alloy components. The hardness of the alloy after annealing at the temperature of 475°C was found to be comparable to the hardness in as-extruded state. Annealing of the material at the temperature of 550°C results in hardness decreasing by about 50%, as the consequence of porosity formation and Al3Ni cracking.

scholarly journals Influence of Eco-Friendly Processing Aids on Silica-Based Rubber Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7244
Author(s):  
Sung Ho Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Processing Aids

As eco-friendly “green tires” are being developed in the tire industry, conventionally used carbon black is being replaced with silica in rubber compounds. Generally, as a lubricant and dispersing agent, processing aids containing zinc ions have been employed as additives. However, as zinc is a heavy metal, alternative eco-friendly processing aids are required to satisfy worldwide environmental concerns. Furthermore, non-toxic, degradable, and renewable processing aids are required to improve the mechanical properties of the rubber composites. In this study, we evaluated the effects of diverse silica-based processing aids containing hydrocarbon, benzene, and hydroxyl functional groups on the mechanical properties of rubber composites. Among them, rubber composites that used amphiphilic terpene phenol resin (TPR) with hydrophilic silica showed compatibility with the hydrophobic rubber matrix and were revealed to improve the mechanical and fatigue properties. Furthermore, owing to the enhanced dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix, the TPR/styrene butadiene rubber composites exhibited enhanced wet grip and rolling resistance. These results indicated that TPR had multifunctional effects at low levels and has the potential for use as a processing aid in silica-based rubber composites in tire engineering applications.

scholarly journals Hybrid Interface in Sepiolite Rubber Nanocomposites: Role of Self-Assembled Nanostructure in Controlling Dissipative Phenomena

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkid Cobani ◽  
Irene Tagliaro ◽  
Marco Geppi ◽  
Luca Giannini ◽  
Philippe Leclère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Resonance Analysis ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

Sepiolite (Sep)–styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were prepared by using nano-sized sepiolite (NS-SepS9) fibers, obtained by applying a controlled surface acid treatment, also in the presence of a silane coupling agent (NS-SilSepS9). Sep/SBR nanocomposites were used as a model to study the influence of the modified sepiolite filler on the formation of immobilized rubber at the clay-rubber interface and the role of a self-assembled nanostructure in tuning the mechanical properties. A detailed investigation at the macro and nanoscale of such self-assembled structures was performed in terms of the organization and networking of Sep fibers in the rubber matrix, the nature of both the filler–filler and filler–rubber interactions, and the impact of these features on the reduced dissipative phenomena. An integrated multi-technique approach, based on dynamic measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and morphological investigation, assessed that the macroscopic mechanical properties of clay nanocomposites can be remarkably enhanced by self-assembled filler structures, whose formation can be favored by manipulating the chemistry at the hybrid interfaces between the clay particles and the polymers.

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