scholarly journals Fabrication, Flow Control, and Applications of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim ◽  
Jafry ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Paper Based Microfluidics ◽  
Flow Manipulation

Paper-based microfluidic devices have advanced significantly in recent years as they are affordable, automated with capillary action, portable, and biodegradable diagnostic platforms for a variety of health, environmental, and food quality applications. In terms of commercialization, however, paper-based microfluidics still have to overcome significant challenges to become an authentic point-of-care testing format with the advanced capabilities of analyte purification, multiplex analysis, quantification, and detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, fluid flow manipulation for multistep integration, which involves valving and flow velocity control, is also a critical parameter to achieve high-performance devices. Considering these limitations, the aim of this review is to (i) comprehensively analyze the fabrication techniques of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, (ii) provide a theoretical background and various methods for fluid flow manipulation, and iii) highlight the recent detection techniques developed for various applications, including their advantages and disadvantages.

Bioengineered Polymer/Composites as Advanced Biological Detection of Sorbitol: An Application in Healthcare Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 963-981
Author(s):  
Ruma Rani ◽  
Geeta Singh ◽  
Kanisht Batra ◽  
Prasad Minakshi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Biological Detection ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Healthcare Application ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Bioengineered polymers and nanomaterials have emerged as promising and advanced materials for the fabrication and development of novel biosensors. Nanotechnology-enabled biosensor methods have high sensitivity, selectivity and more rapid detection of an analyte. Biosensor based methods are more rapid and simple with higher sensitivity and selectivity and can be developed for point-of-care diagnostic testing. Development of a simple, sensitive and rapid method for sorbitol detection is of considerable significance to efficient monitoring of diabetes-associated disorders like cataract, neuropathy, and nephropathy at initial stages. This issue encourages us to write a review that highlights recent advancements in the field of sorbitol detection as no such reports have been published till the date. The first section of this review will be dedicated to the conventional approaches or methods that had been playing a role in detection. The second part focused on the emerging field i.e. biosensors with optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, etc. approaches for sorbitol detection and the importance of its detection in healthcare application. It is expected that this review will be very helpful for readers to know the different conventional and recent detection techniques for sorbitol at a glance.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors for In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses of Neurotransmitters

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Durairaj ◽  
Boopathi Sidhureddy ◽  
Joseph Cirone ◽  
Aicheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

Neurotransmitters are molecules that transfer chemical signals between neurons to convey messages for any action conducted by the nervous system. All neurotransmitters are medically important; the detection and analysis of these molecules play vital roles in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Among analytical strategies, electrochemical techniques have been identified as simple, inexpensive, and less time-consuming processes. Electrochemical analysis is based on the redox behaviors of neurotransmitters, as well as their metabolites. A variety of electrochemical techniques are available for the detection of biomolecules. However, the development of a sensing platform with high sensitivity and selectivity is challenging, and it has been found to be a bottleneck step in the analysis of neurotransmitters. Nanomaterials-based sensor platforms are fascinating for researchers because of their ability to perform the electrochemical analysis of neurotransmitters due to their improved detection efficacy, and they have been widely reported on for their sensitive detection of epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, acetylcholine, nitric oxide, and purines. The advancement of electroanalytical technologies and the innovation of functional nanomaterials have been assisting greatly in in vivo and in vitro analyses of neurotransmitters, especially for point-of-care clinical applications. In this review, firstly, we focus on the most commonly employed electrochemical analysis techniques, in conjunction with their working principles and abilities for the detection of neurotransmitters. Subsequently, we concentrate on the fabrication and development of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors and their advantages over other detection techniques. Finally, we address the challenges and the future outlook in the development of electrochemical sensors for the efficient detection of neurotransmitters.

Trends in Diagnosis for Active Tuberculosis Using Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Lemma Teshome Tufa ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jaebeom Lee ◽  
Tae Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is difficult to diagnose based only on signs and symptoms. Methods for TB detection are continuously being researched to design novel effective clinical tools for the diagnosis of TB.Objective:This article reviews the methods to diagnose TB at the latent and active stages and to recognize prospective TB diagnostic methods based on nanomaterials.Methods:The current methods for TB diagnosis were reviewed by evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the trends in TB detection using nanomaterials were discussed regarding their performance capacity for clinical diagnostic applications.Results:Current methods such as microscopy, culture, and tuberculin skin test are still being employed to diagnose TB, however, a highly sensitive point of care tool without false results is still needed. The utilization of nanomaterials to detect the specific TB biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity can provide a possible strategy to rapidly diagnose TB. Although it is challenging for nanodiagnostic platforms to be assessed in clinical trials, active TB diagnosis using nanomaterials is highly expected to achieve clinical significance for regular application. In addition, aspects and future directions in developing the high-efficiency tools to diagnose active TB using advanced nanomaterials are expounded.Conclusion:This review suggests that nanomaterials have high potential as rapid, costeffective tools to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB. Hence, portable nanobiosensors can be alternative effective tests to be exploited globally after clinical trial execution.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus: Laboratory and Point-of-Care Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-539
Author(s):  
Peuli Nath ◽  
Md Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Somaiyeh Khoubafarin Doust ◽  
Aniruddha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Simplex Virus

Herpes is a widespread viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that has no permanent cure to date. There are two subtypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, that are known to cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from acute to chronic. HSV is highly contagious and can be transmitted via any type of physical contact. Additionally, viral shedding can also happen from asymptomatic infections. Thus, early and accurate detection of HSV is needed to prevent the transmission of this infection. Herpes can be diagnosed in two ways, by either detecting the presence of the virus in lesions or the antibodies in the blood. Different detection techniques are available based on both laboratory and point of care (POC) devices. Laboratory techniques include different biochemical assays, microscopy, and nucleic acid amplification. In contrast, POC techniques include microfluidics-based tests that enable on-spot testing. Here, we aim to review the different diagnostic techniques, both laboratory-based and POC, their limits of detection, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

Recent advances in nanomaterial-based luminescent ATP sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Zhou ◽  
Li Shang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Atp Sensing

: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays a significant role in biological processes and the ATP level is closely associated with many diseases. In order to detect ATP in live cells, tissues and body fluids with a high sensitivity and selectivity, researchers have developed various sensing strategies. Particularly, owing to distinct physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and high sensitivity of fluorescence, a great deal of efforts have been devoted to developing nanomaterials-based approaches for fluorescent ATP sensing in recent years. In this review, we focus on the current development of nanomaterial-based fluorescent ATP sensors and discuss the sensing mechanisms in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of ATP sensing using different kinds of nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks and up-conversion nanoparticles have been thoroughly compared and discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects in this field are given.

scholarly journals Programmable Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for Biomarker Detections

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veasna Soum ◽  
Sooyong Park ◽  
Albertus Ivan Brilian ◽  
Oh-Sun Kwon ◽  
Kwanwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Paper Based Microfluidics ◽  
Digital Microfluidic ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

Recent advanced paper-based microfluidic devices provide an alternative technology for the detection of biomarkers by using affordable and portable devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). Programmable paper-based microfluidic devices enable a wide range of biomarker detection with high sensitivity and automation for single- and multi-step assays because they provide better control for manipulating fluid samples. In this review, we examine the advances in programmable microfluidics, i.e., paper-based continuous-flow microfluidic (p-CMF) devices and paper-based digital microfluidic (p-DMF) devices, for biomarker detection. First, we discuss the methods used to fabricate these two types of paper-based microfluidic devices and the strategies for programming fluid delivery and for droplet manipulation. Next, we discuss the use of these programmable paper-based devices for the single- and multi-step detection of biomarkers. Finally, we present the current limitations of paper-based microfluidics for biomarker detection and the outlook for their development.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Aminexil, Pyridoxine, and Niacinamide in a Novel Cosmetic Hair Preparation

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172
Author(s):  
Mamdouh R Rezk ◽  
Hebatallah M Essam ◽  
Enas A Amer ◽  
Dina M S Youssif
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Keratin Fibers

Abstract Background Aminexil, a new compound patented by L’Oreal, has a stimulating effect on human keratin fibers. Pyridoxine HCl and niacinamide are added to boost the hair tonic effect of aminexil. Objective Two novel chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of aminexil (AX), niacinamide (NA) and pyridoxine HCl (PD) in the novel hair tonic preparation. Methods The developed methods were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometric determination. Different experimental parameters were investigated and optimized to achieve complete baseline separation and well resolved peaks. The RP-HPLC separation was achieved using a Thermoscientific BDS hypersil C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column using 0.005 M hexane sulfonic acid: methanol (80: 20, v/v) as a mobile phase. For the TLC method, the three analytes were partitioned between propanol: toluene: ammonia solution (40:60:2, v/v/v) and fluorescent silica plates. The two methods were validated in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to confirm the existing results. The developed methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in pure forms and in the cosmetic preparation. Results For the HPLC method, the RSDs of AX, NA and PD were 0.70, 0.88 and 1.17 respectively. For the TLC method, the RSDs of AX, NA and PD were 1.06, 1.37 and 0.73 respectively. Conclusions The proposed chromatographic methods showed high sensitivity and selectivity for the three compounds under analysis in the laboratory prepared mixture and in the hair tonic preparation. Highlights Aminexil, Pyridoxine, Niacinamide, HPLC. The present work offers two reproducible, accurate, validated, time and cost saving alternatives for the quantitative and qualitative determination of medicated hair preparation.

scholarly journals A Green, Rapid and Efficient Dual-Sensors for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cation (Hg2+) and Anion (S2−) Ions Based on CMS/AgNPs Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xue ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wanting Zhao ◽  
Zichao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Toxic Ions

Detection of mercury (Hg2+) and sulfide (S2−), universal and well-known toxic ions, is crucial in monitoring several diseases. How to design and fabricate the high-performance sensor for simultaneously and accurately detecting the Hg2+ and S2− is critical. Herein, we proposed a novel and convenient strategy for optical detection of Hg2+ and S2− by employing a carboxymethyl cellulose sodium/silver nanoparticle (CMS/AgNPs) colloidal solution, in which AgNPs were used as monitor for Hg2+ and S2−, and the CMS was utilized as both the stabilizer and the hydrophilic substrate for AgNPs. Well-identifiable peaks for Hg2+ and S2– were obtained in water based on UV–VIS absorption spectra, the absorbance intensity and/or position of nano-silver vary with the addition of Hg2+ cation and S2– anion, accompanying with color change. Impressively, the optimal AgNPs anchored CMS exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity toward Hg2+ and S2−, the change in absorbance was linear with the concentration of Hg2+ (0–50 μM) and S2− (15–70 μM), and the lowest limits of detection (LOD) were 1.8 × 10−8 M and 2.4 × 10−7 M, respectively. More importantly, owing to the superior properties in testing Hg2+ and S2−, the fabricated sensor was successfully applied for detection of target ions in lake and tap water samples. All these good results implied that the designed strategy and as-designed samples is promising in detecting cation (Hg2+) and anion (S2−) ions and open up new opportunities for selecting other kinds of ions.

scholarly journals Point-of-care tests for sexually transmissible infections: what do ‘end users' want?

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Rompalo ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
Terry Hogan ◽  
Mathilda Barnes ◽  
Mary Jett-Goheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Home Test ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Point Of Care Tests ◽  
At Home

Background Clinicians and developers identify sensitivity as an important quality in a point-of-care test (POCT) for sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Little information exists regarding what patients want for STI POCTs. Methods: A qualitative study, encompassing five focus groups among attendees of STI and adolescent health centres in Baltimore, Maryland, and Cincinnati, Ohio, were conducted between March 2008 and April 2009. Discussion topics included advantages and disadvantages of having a POCT, perceived barriers to using POCTs in the clinic setting and at home, priorities for the development of new POCTs for STIs, and envisioned characteristics of an ideal POCT. All discussions were recorded and transcribed. A qualitative content analysis was performed to examine frequencies or patterns of recurring codes, which were regrouped and indexed to identify salient themes. Results: Patients attending STI and adolescent outpatient clinics are in favour of diagnostic tests that are rapid, easy to read and simple to use. Home testing options for POCTs were acceptable and provided better confidentiality, privacy and convenience, but clinic-based POCTs were also acceptable because they offer definitive results and ensure immediate treatment. Barriers to home POCTs centred on cost and the ability to read and perform the test correctly at home. Opinions did not differ by patient ethnicity, except that Hispanic participants questioned the reliability of home test results, wanted high sensitivity and desired bilingual instructions. Conclusions: Patients attending STI and adolescent medical centres are in favour of STI POCTs if they are affordable, rapid, easy to read and simple to use.

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