scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effects of Inulae Flos on HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5623
Author(s):  
Young-Sik Kim ◽  
Ji Hyeon Lee ◽  
Jungbin Song ◽  
Hocheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Inula Britannica ◽  
Inula Britannica L

Inulae Flos, the flower of Inula britannica L., is used as a dietary supplement, beverage, and medicine in East Asia. In this study, we evaluated the gastroprotective effects of Inulae Flos extract (IFE) against gastric mucosal lesions induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol in rats and explored its potential mechanisms by measuring antioxidant enzyme activity, mucus secretion, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Pretreatment with IFE at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric lesions in HCl/ethanol-treated rats. IFE increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the levels of glutathione and PGE2 in gastric tissues. The administration of IFE also significantly increased the gastric wall mucus contents in HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions. These findings suggest that IFE has gastroprotective effects against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and exerts these effects through increased antioxidant levels and gastric mucus secretion. Inulae Flos may be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers.

scholarly journals Effect of Cuttlebone on Healing of Indomethacin-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lifeng Qiu ◽  
Lingya Yao ◽  
Yanfei Fang ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Meng Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The continuing use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usually increases the side effects such as peptic ulcer and acute gastric lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Cuttlebone (CB), isolated from Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune, was reported to have antioxidant activities, but its role in the treatment of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions has not yet been confirmed. In this research, we investigate the protective effect of cuttlebone on indomethacin-related ulcers in rats and possible mechanisms. Here, gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of indomethacin, and then the rats were treated with omeprazole (4 mg/kg) or different doses (750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg of body weight) of cuttlebone. We evaluated lesion index, inflammation score, and a series of oxidant/antioxidant parameters. The data demonstrated that cuttlebone could protect against gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin in a dose-dependent manner (positive correlation). Also, these effects were associated with attenuating the expression of malonaldehyde (MDA) and increasing the levels of some protective ingredients like epidermal growth factor (EGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thus, considering its ability to protect indomethacin-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions and the underlying mechanisms, CB might be a potential candidate for treating gastric damage caused by NSAIDs.

Stress Gastric Ulcers and Cytoprotective Strategies: Perspectives and Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (25) ◽  
pp. 2982-2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabha Ray ◽  
Kavita Gulati ◽  
Peter Henke
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Stress Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Gastric Cytoprotection

Stress gastric ulceration is a clinical condition leading to morbidity/mortality and complex etiopathological factors are involved. Pharmacotherapy of such gastric mucosal lesions is not consistent and novel strategies are being explored. Targeting gastrointestinal factors have showed equivocal results and there is a possibility of involvement of extra-gastrointestinal factors. Stress is a highly interactive biological response in which the brain plays a key role. The involvement of brain substrates like the limbic system (amygdala, cortex, hippocampus) and behavioral traits has been investigated and research data has shown that the limbic brain-gut axis may be involved in the regulation of gastric mucosal integrity during stressful situations. The amygdaloid complex, its connections with other limbic structures and their neural networks act in tandem to contribute to both stress ulceration and gastroprotection. Complex neurotransmitter interactions in these areas involving biogenic amines and neuropeptides have been shown to modulate stress ulcerogenesis in experimental models. The immune system and brain-immune interactions also appear to play a decisive role in the genesis of such stress gastric lesions and the possibility of a brain-gut-immune axis has been proposed during stress gastric lesions. More recent studies have shown the involvement of oxidative stress and nitric oxide as well as their interactions during such stress gastric pathology, indicating the possible role of antioxidants and NO modulators as gastroprotective agents for stress ulceration. In view of the complex pathophysiology, multiple targets and lack of consistent therapeutic modalities, newer/alternative hypotheses are constantly emerging, which could be explored for effective treatment strategies aimed at gastric cytoprotection. Herbal agents with adaptogenic properties could be worth exploring in this regard as some of these phytopharmaceutical agents used in traditional medicine have been shown to exhibit gastric cytoprotection as part of their anti-stress profile. Further, their interactions with brain neurotransmitters and immune mechanisms and their relative safety could make them prospective leads for stress ulcer prophylaxis and treatment.

scholarly journals In Vivo Curative and Antacid Effects of Cameroonian Clay (MY41g) on Chronic and “Unhealed" Gastric Ulcers in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Joseph Fleurie Emakoua ◽  
Tchokomeni Gael Siwe ◽  
Paul Vernyuy Tan ◽  
Andre Perfusion Amang ◽  
Charle Banenzoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Spontaneous Healing ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Ulcer Treatment

This study evaluated the in vivo curative and antacid effects of MY41g clay on chronic and “unhealed" gastric ulcers in rats. Chronic gastric ulcers were induced by injecting 0.05 mL of acetic acid (30%) into the stomach wall. From day 5-14 after induction of ulcers, rats were treated daily with MY41g clay (125 and 250 mg/kg). For “Unhealed" gastric ulcers, from day 5-18 rats received MY41g clay orally concomitantly with indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. The ulcer index, percentage of healing, mucus secretion, histological parameters, oxidative stress parameters and gastric acidity were assessed. Treatment with clay solution for 10 days resulted in accelerated spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers (83.69-90.2%). However, indomethacin administration did not induce significant variations in the percentage of healing (89.23-91.66%) in rats. For both ulcer models performed, ulcer healing was accompanied by a significant increase (p<0.001) of mucus secretion at the highest dose. Clay increased concentrations of antioxidant enzymes and decreased gastric acidity and lipid peroxidation. Administration of clay accelerated the spontaneous healing of both induction models. The mode of action of the clay could involve increased gastric mucus production, gastric mucosal re-epithelialization, improved antioxidant status and gastric acid neutralization. MY41g clay can be used as antacids in the ulcer treatment regime.

Cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) stem bark on acute gastric ulcer in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mba Matah Marthe ◽  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
Marius Mbiantcha ◽  
William Yousseu Nana ◽  
Albert Donatien Atsamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Antisecretory Activity ◽  
Antisecretory Effect ◽  
Pylorus Ligation

AbstractObjectivesIn African traditional medicine, Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) is used to treat many diseases including gastric ulcers. We evaluated in this study, the cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of this plant using different technics of gastric lesion induction.MethodsCytoprotective and antisecretory activity of the methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark was evolved through six methods of gastric lesion induction in experimental Wistar male rats (150–200 g): (1) gastric lesions induced by HCl/ethanol, (2) gastric lesions induced by Indomethacin- HCl/ethanol, (3) gastric lesion induced by Indomethacin, (4) gastric lesions induced by Pylorus ligation, (5) gastric lesions induced by histamine-Pylorus ligation, (6) gastric lesions induced by carbachol-Pylorus ligation. Mucus and gastric mucosal ulceration were evaluated. pH, gastric volume, and acidity were quantified in all pylorus ligation induction technics. Nitric oxide (NO) level was determined in indomethacin induced gastric ulcers.ResultsAt different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), extract reduced significantly the ulcer index. In all models used, that is 100.00% with HCl/ethanol; 100.00% with HCl/ethanol/indomethacin; 95.70% with Indomethacin; 74.79% with pylorus ligation, 95.94% histamine-Pylorus ligation, 99.54% carbachol-Pylorus ligation at the highest dose of 500 mg/kg. The lesion formation reduces in all the methods used followed by a significant increase of mucus production. The pylorus ligation technic revealed that the extract has an antisecretory activity.ConclusionsThe methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark has both cytoprotective and antisecretory effects. This extract exerts its antisecretory effect trough cholinergic and histaminergic pathways.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and pattern of gastric lesions in slaughtered pigs in south-western Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo O. Omotosho ◽  
Benjamin O. Emikpe ◽  
Olalekan T. Lasisi ◽  
Theophilus A. Jarikre
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Frequency Counts ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Gastric lesions, especially ulceration, cause significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The study was designed to assess its prevalence, distribution and pattern in pigs in south-western Nigeria. Slaughter house surveys were conducted on three government-established abattoirs in Lagos, Ogun and Oyo states. Stomachs from 480 pigs were assessed for gross lesions, which were graded using a modification of a standard technique. Tissues from different regions of the stomach were routinely stained to assess histopathologic changes. Data were presented as frequency counts and analysed using analysis of variance and chi-square technique. Significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05. Gastric lesions were encountered across the four regions of the stomach with a point prevalence of 57.29%. The prevalence of lesions in the non-glandular region was 32.9%, with severe hyperkeratosis (13.13%) being most frequently observed (p < 0.05). Erosions were significantly higher in the cardia (8.54%) (p < 0.05), followed by fundus (8.33%). Gastric ulcers were significantly higher in the fundus (19.58%) (p < 0.05). Scars of healed ulcers and lacerations were also observed in the fundus (5.42%) (p < 0.05). The gastric lesion distribution across the four regions of the stomach and the occurrence of ulceration in the fundus showed an unusual pattern, which is rarely reported in other parts of the world. The reason for these findings in pigs in Nigeria is not fully understood; therefore, further studies are required to identify and manage these factors for increased productivity, improved animal welfare and enhanced food security.Keywords: prevalence; gastric; lesions; fundic ulcers; pigs

scholarly journals Gastric Lesions in Culled Sows: An Underestimated Welfare Issue in Modern Swine Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Piotr Cybulski ◽  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Joachim Urban ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Veterinary Practitioner ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Management Issues

Specific anatomy of the porcine stomach results in a high risk of ulceration in the pars oesophagea. A fully developed ulcer leads to intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding followed by clinical symptoms of chronic pain; thus, gastric ulceration in pigs causes significant production losses and serious welfare problems. Nowadays, gastric ulceration is common in domestic pigs throughout the world, but a great deal of attention has been directed at finishers. This paper was intended to provide new data on the prevalence of the disease in commercially reared highly prolific sows. The study was carried out on 329 culled sows from four commercial farms located in Northern Poland. The severity of gross pathological lesions of pars oesophagea was assigned to grade 0 (no lesions), 1 (parakeratosis), 2 (erosion), or 3 (gastric ulceration with or without stenosis) by a veterinary practitioner. Abattoir analysis revealed 66.6% of sows’ stomachs with some degree of alterations. Gastric ulceration was detected in 45.5% of examined organs. Parakeratosis and erosion were found in 1.2 and 15.8% of stomachs, respectively. The investigation did not find any oesphageal strictures. Our investigation of the problem in high health status hyper-prolific sows showed the lowest prevalence of gastric lesions (i.e., ulcerative and preulcerative alterations collectively) compared to earlier studies but the highest percentage of gastric ulcers. The results indicate that gastric ulcers may be a highly prevalent and underestimated welfare issue in sows in modern pig production, worth further studies focusing on particular risk factors related to feeding, genetics, management issues, and sows longevity.

scholarly journals Effects of a dietary supplement on gastric ulcer number and severity in exercising horses1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Alysia L Conner ◽  
Amanda J Davis ◽  
Cheryl A Porr
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Dependent Variables

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a dietary supplement on the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Gastroscopy was performed on university riding horses of mixed breeds at two locations and only horses exhibiting gastric ulcers were selected to participate in this study (location A, n = 13; location B, n = 15). Gastric ulcer severity was assessed using two different methods depending on location before treatment (Pre). After gastroscopy, horses were fed the supplement in addition to their regular diet for 44 d (14-d adaptation period followed by 30-d feeding period). All horses were subjected to gastroscopy again at the end of the feeding period (Post) to evaluate changes in gastric lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS. Individual horses were the experimental unit with dependent variables including severity and number of gastric ulcers. At location A, dependent variable included severity of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time (Pre and Post) and location (stall or pasture). For location B, dependent variables included severity and number of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time. Severity of gastric ulcers decreased at both locations in horses following the feeding period. Gastric lesion scores decreased from 2.2990 to 1.3760 (P = 0.0015) at location A and gastric lesion severity from 3.8000 to 2.5667 (P = 0.0322) at location B. No differences were found in gastric lesion scores at location A between horses housed in stalls or pastures (1.8750 and 1.8000; P = 0.7783). The number of gastric ulcers observed at location B were similar Pre and Post treatment (3.4667 and 3.5333; P = 0.8363). There were no changes in body condition score (P ≥ 0.2607), BW (P ≥ 0.4551), or behavior at either location. Results suggest that oral supplementation may decrease severity of gastric ulcers in horses participating in university riding programs.

scholarly journals Potential Gastroprotective Activity of Rice Bran (Oryza sativa L.) Extracted by Ionic Liquid-Microwave-Assisted Extraction against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcers in Rat Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Trinovita ◽  
Fadlina Chany Saputri ◽  
Abdul Mun’im
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Rice Bran Extract ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Gamma Oryzanol

The presence of gamma-oryzanol in rice bran oil can be 10–20-fold higher than tocopherol and tocotrienol. Gamma-oryzanol has various pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rice bran extract as a gastroprotective in reducing lesions in ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer models in rat, using the ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) method. Rice bran extract was obtained using the IL-MAE method with ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF4 (concentration 0.7 M), and a ratio of solid/liquid of 15 g/mL, 15 min extraction time, and 10% microwave power. The rats were pretreated with rice bran extract at different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight; BW) for seven days and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Omeprazole (36 mg/kg BW) was used as a standard anti-ulcer drug. The ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, and mucus levels were measured to assess the degree of gastroprotection. The results showed that the oral administration of rice bran extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited the development of ulcer formation by 66.75% and reduced gastric acid levels. Moreover, gamma oryzanol and omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced gastric lesions by increasing the level of gastric mucus. Rice bran extract is effective as a gastroprotective therapy sourced from natural ingredients in treating the incidence of gastric ulcers. Most likely, this is related to gamma oryzanol as a bioactive compound contained in rice bran (Oryza sativa L.).

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