Gastric Lesions in Culled Sows: An Underestimated Welfare Issue in Modern Swine Production

Specific anatomy of the porcine stomach results in a high risk of ulceration in the pars oesophagea. A fully developed ulcer leads to intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding followed by clinical symptoms of chronic pain; thus, gastric ulceration in pigs causes significant production losses and serious welfare problems. Nowadays, gastric ulceration is common in domestic pigs throughout the world, but a great deal of attention has been directed at finishers. This paper was intended to provide new data on the prevalence of the disease in commercially reared highly prolific sows. The study was carried out on 329 culled sows from four commercial farms located in Northern Poland. The severity of gross pathological lesions of pars oesophagea was assigned to grade 0 (no lesions), 1 (parakeratosis), 2 (erosion), or 3 (gastric ulceration with or without stenosis) by a veterinary practitioner. Abattoir analysis revealed 66.6% of sows’ stomachs with some degree of alterations. Gastric ulceration was detected in 45.5% of examined organs. Parakeratosis and erosion were found in 1.2 and 15.8% of stomachs, respectively. The investigation did not find any oesphageal strictures. Our investigation of the problem in high health status hyper-prolific sows showed the lowest prevalence of gastric lesions (i.e., ulcerative and preulcerative alterations collectively) compared to earlier studies but the highest percentage of gastric ulcers. The results indicate that gastric ulcers may be a highly prevalent and underestimated welfare issue in sows in modern pig production, worth further studies focusing on particular risk factors related to feeding, genetics, management issues, and sows longevity.

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In vitro Action of Gastric Mucosal Lysosomal Enzymes on Intracellular Gastric Glycoproteins

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1979-1-218 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 34 (1-2) ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fouad M. Fouad ◽

D. Waldron-Edward

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lysosomal Enzymes ◽

Gastric Ulceration ◽

Mucosal Cell ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Acid Hydrolases ◽

Gastric Mucosal Cells ◽

Mucosal Cells ◽

Specific Increase

Abstract The results show that incubation of gastric mucosal cells from rat at pH ~4.5 or in the presence of aspirin is associated with a specific increase in the activity of some acid-hydrolases. Intracellular glycoproteins, isolated by non-degradative techniques from rat or dog fundic mucosal cells, were found to be potential bio-substrates for these acid-hydrolyses. This may suggest that cleavage of the carbohydrate moieties of the intracellular and mucosal cell wall glycoproteins is a fundamental step in the development of gastric ulceration. A model for gastric lesions is proposed and discussed in the light of the results obtained.

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Cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) stem bark on acute gastric ulcer in rats

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Mba Matah Marthe ◽

Gilbert Ateufack ◽

Marius Mbiantcha ◽

William Yousseu Nana ◽

Albert Donatien Atsamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Gastric Lesion ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Male Rats ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Mucus Production ◽

Antisecretory Activity ◽

Antisecretory Effect ◽

Pylorus Ligation

AbstractObjectivesIn African traditional medicine, Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) is used to treat many diseases including gastric ulcers. We evaluated in this study, the cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of this plant using different technics of gastric lesion induction.MethodsCytoprotective and antisecretory activity of the methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark was evolved through six methods of gastric lesion induction in experimental Wistar male rats (150–200 g): (1) gastric lesions induced by HCl/ethanol, (2) gastric lesions induced by Indomethacin- HCl/ethanol, (3) gastric lesion induced by Indomethacin, (4) gastric lesions induced by Pylorus ligation, (5) gastric lesions induced by histamine-Pylorus ligation, (6) gastric lesions induced by carbachol-Pylorus ligation. Mucus and gastric mucosal ulceration were evaluated. pH, gastric volume, and acidity were quantified in all pylorus ligation induction technics. Nitric oxide (NO) level was determined in indomethacin induced gastric ulcers.ResultsAt different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), extract reduced significantly the ulcer index. In all models used, that is 100.00% with HCl/ethanol; 100.00% with HCl/ethanol/indomethacin; 95.70% with Indomethacin; 74.79% with pylorus ligation, 95.94% histamine-Pylorus ligation, 99.54% carbachol-Pylorus ligation at the highest dose of 500 mg/kg. The lesion formation reduces in all the methods used followed by a significant increase of mucus production. The pylorus ligation technic revealed that the extract has an antisecretory activity.ConclusionsThe methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark has both cytoprotective and antisecretory effects. This extract exerts its antisecretory effect trough cholinergic and histaminergic pathways.

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Mixed Infection of Tick-borne Haemo-parasites in Water Buffalo and Associated Pathological Responses and Treatment

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4450 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pankaj Kumar ◽

Prabhas Kumar ◽

Rama Krishna Roy ◽

Rashmi Rekha Kumari ◽

Abhay Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Water Buffaloes ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Good Productivity ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Production Losses

Background: Water buffaloes are important milch species of tropical and subtropical countries. In general, they are considered to more resistant to diseases compared to crossbred cattle. However, a recent problem of tick-borne diseases in the water buffaloes by the field veterinarians and farmers causing production losses was observed. The study was conducted to explore the spectrum of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) infections in buffaloes and analyze the associated risk factors. Methods: Acute-phase response, cytokine and oxidative stress in infected buffaloes with TBDs were evaluated and compared with the negative buffaloes (control) to elucidate their role in pathogenesis and outcome of infection. The study was undertaken in 107 tick-infested water buffaloes. The conventional Giemsa stained blood smear (GSBS) based confirmation and classification of infection of haemo-parasites were made. The statistical model was used to understand their relevance with TBDs. Conclusion: Tick-borne disease in water buffaloes must be looked upon seriously to maintain good productivity. The buffaloes are often accompanied by low and un-yielding clinical symptoms due to associated co-infections of haemo-parasites. Our study showed that the buffaloes had a high prevalence (47.66%) of haemo-parasites transmitted by the ticks associated with co-infections and a low level of parasitemia. Most buffaloes responded symptomatically with the different modalities administered. Production parameter was not restored post 15 days of treatment. Oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms of production losses in infected buffaloes.

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Prevalence, distribution and pattern of gastric lesions in slaughtered pigs in south-western Nigeria

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oladipo O. Omotosho ◽

Benjamin O. Emikpe ◽

Olalekan T. Lasisi ◽

Theophilus A. Jarikre

Keyword(s):

Standard Technique ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Chi Square ◽

Slaughter House ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Frequency Counts ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

Gastric lesions, especially ulceration, cause significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The study was designed to assess its prevalence, distribution and pattern in pigs in south-western Nigeria. Slaughter house surveys were conducted on three government-established abattoirs in Lagos, Ogun and Oyo states. Stomachs from 480 pigs were assessed for gross lesions, which were graded using a modification of a standard technique. Tissues from different regions of the stomach were routinely stained to assess histopathologic changes. Data were presented as frequency counts and analysed using analysis of variance and chi-square technique. Significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05. Gastric lesions were encountered across the four regions of the stomach with a point prevalence of 57.29%. The prevalence of lesions in the non-glandular region was 32.9%, with severe hyperkeratosis (13.13%) being most frequently observed (p < 0.05). Erosions were significantly higher in the cardia (8.54%) (p < 0.05), followed by fundus (8.33%). Gastric ulcers were significantly higher in the fundus (19.58%) (p < 0.05). Scars of healed ulcers and lacerations were also observed in the fundus (5.42%) (p < 0.05). The gastric lesion distribution across the four regions of the stomach and the occurrence of ulceration in the fundus showed an unusual pattern, which is rarely reported in other parts of the world. The reason for these findings in pigs in Nigeria is not fully understood; therefore, further studies are required to identify and manage these factors for increased productivity, improved animal welfare and enhanced food security.Keywords: prevalence; gastric; lesions; fundic ulcers; pigs

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Studi Lapang: Penegakan Diagnosis Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Pada Ayam Broiler

Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan ◽

10.25047/jipt.v3i1.1790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Aan Awaludin ◽

Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni ◽

Theo Mahiseta Syahniar ◽

Dyah Laksito Rukmi ◽

Agus Hadi Prayitno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Care Management ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

The One ◽

Organ Changes

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), also called Gumboro, was disease which attacked cells in the bursa of fabricius, causing interference with the chicken's immune system or immunosuppressive. IBD was the one of viral disease that often attacks chickens in the field. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnosis of IBD by through at clinical symptoms and necropsy that can still be relevant on in the field. The diagnosis of IBD correctly, cheaply, easily and quickly in the field is very important to optimize the health care management and evaluation program. The method used was by observing clinical symptoms of broiler chickens in commercial farms suspected of contracting IBD and observing post-death organs (necropsy). The object of necropsy was 5 samples of broiler chickens from the farm. Data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study was the broiler chickens that infected with IBD could be diagnosed through clinical symptoms and post-death organ changes, so that the diagnosis for IBD cases in the field used the observation of clinical symptoms and necropsy are still relevant.

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Effects of a dietary supplement on gastric ulcer number and severity in exercising horses1

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txy005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Alysia L Conner ◽

Amanda J Davis ◽

Cheryl A Porr

Keyword(s):

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Gastric Lesion ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Dependent Variables

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a dietary supplement on the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Gastroscopy was performed on university riding horses of mixed breeds at two locations and only horses exhibiting gastric ulcers were selected to participate in this study (location A, n = 13; location B, n = 15). Gastric ulcer severity was assessed using two different methods depending on location before treatment (Pre). After gastroscopy, horses were fed the supplement in addition to their regular diet for 44 d (14-d adaptation period followed by 30-d feeding period). All horses were subjected to gastroscopy again at the end of the feeding period (Post) to evaluate changes in gastric lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS. Individual horses were the experimental unit with dependent variables including severity and number of gastric ulcers. At location A, dependent variable included severity of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time (Pre and Post) and location (stall or pasture). For location B, dependent variables included severity and number of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time. Severity of gastric ulcers decreased at both locations in horses following the feeding period. Gastric lesion scores decreased from 2.2990 to 1.3760 (P = 0.0015) at location A and gastric lesion severity from 3.8000 to 2.5667 (P = 0.0322) at location B. No differences were found in gastric lesion scores at location A between horses housed in stalls or pastures (1.8750 and 1.8000; P = 0.7783). The number of gastric ulcers observed at location B were similar Pre and Post treatment (3.4667 and 3.5333; P = 0.8363). There were no changes in body condition score (P ≥ 0.2607), BW (P ≥ 0.4551), or behavior at either location. Results suggest that oral supplementation may decrease severity of gastric ulcers in horses participating in university riding programs.

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Potential Gastroprotective Activity of Rice Bran (Oryza sativa L.) Extracted by Ionic Liquid-Microwave-Assisted Extraction against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcers in Rat Model

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3390/scipharm86030035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elsa Trinovita ◽

Fadlina Chany Saputri ◽

Abdul Mun’im

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Rice Bran Extract ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Gamma Oryzanol

The presence of gamma-oryzanol in rice bran oil can be 10–20-fold higher than tocopherol and tocotrienol. Gamma-oryzanol has various pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rice bran extract as a gastroprotective in reducing lesions in ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer models in rat, using the ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) method. Rice bran extract was obtained using the IL-MAE method with ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF4 (concentration 0.7 M), and a ratio of solid/liquid of 15 g/mL, 15 min extraction time, and 10% microwave power. The rats were pretreated with rice bran extract at different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight; BW) for seven days and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Omeprazole (36 mg/kg BW) was used as a standard anti-ulcer drug. The ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, and mucus levels were measured to assess the degree of gastroprotection. The results showed that the oral administration of rice bran extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited the development of ulcer formation by 66.75% and reduced gastric acid levels. Moreover, gamma oryzanol and omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced gastric lesions by increasing the level of gastric mucus. Rice bran extract is effective as a gastroprotective therapy sourced from natural ingredients in treating the incidence of gastric ulcers. Most likely, this is related to gamma oryzanol as a bioactive compound contained in rice bran (Oryza sativa L.).

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Eosinophilic Gastritis in a Patient Previously Treated with Dupilumab

Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6381670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Masaya Iwamuro ◽

Toshi Murakami ◽

Takehiro Tanaka ◽

Shohei Oka ◽

Seiji Kawano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Blood Eosinophil ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Blood Eosinophil Count ◽

Steroid Administration ◽

Eosinophilic Gastritis ◽

Old Japanese ◽

Previously Treated

A 77-year-old Japanese man with bronchial asthma was treated with dupilumab. Dupilumab treatment was discontinued at the patient’s request after two injections separated by a 2-week interval. The blood eosinophil count was elevated, and an esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed 3 months after dupilumab treatment revealed gastric ulcers; subsequently, eosinophilic gastritis was diagnosed from biopsy examinations. The gastric lesions were resolved by steroid administration. This case report underscores that eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric lesions occurring in patients who were treated with dupilumab.

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Gastroprotective Effects of Inulae Flos on HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5623

Author(s):

Young-Sik Kim ◽

Ji Hyeon Lee ◽

Jungbin Song ◽

Hocheol Kim

Keyword(s):

Gastric Wall ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Mucus Secretion ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Gastric Mucus ◽

Gastric Mucosal Lesions ◽

Promising Agent ◽

Inula Britannica ◽

Inula Britannica L

Inulae Flos, the flower of Inula britannica L., is used as a dietary supplement, beverage, and medicine in East Asia. In this study, we evaluated the gastroprotective effects of Inulae Flos extract (IFE) against gastric mucosal lesions induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol in rats and explored its potential mechanisms by measuring antioxidant enzyme activity, mucus secretion, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Pretreatment with IFE at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric lesions in HCl/ethanol-treated rats. IFE increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the levels of glutathione and PGE2 in gastric tissues. The administration of IFE also significantly increased the gastric wall mucus contents in HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions. These findings suggest that IFE has gastroprotective effects against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and exerts these effects through increased antioxidant levels and gastric mucus secretion. Inulae Flos may be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers.

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Antiulcerogenicity of the Flavonoid Fraction from Erica andevalensis Cabezudo-Rivera

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1996-7-816 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 51 (7-8) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Reyes ◽

C. Martín ◽

C. Alarcón de la Lastra ◽

J. Trujillo ◽

M. V. Toro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Gastric Ulceration ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Control Group ◽

Gastric Mucus ◽

Flavonoid Fraction ◽

Erica Andevalensis

Abstract Investigations were carried out to determine the antiulcerogenicity of the flavonoid fraction (ethyl acetate extract) of Erica andevalensis Cabezudo-Rivera on gastric ulceration induced by different experimental models. Oral treatment with the ethyl acetate extract and the major flavonoid (myricetin 3-O-ᴅ-galactoside) were found to be effective to prevent gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint stress in rats . Statistically significant ulcer index values with respect to the control group were observed. Mucus content was not increased although it was accompanied by an increase in proteins and hexosamines. In pyloric-ligated animals flavonoids showed a significant reduction in the number and severity of the ulcers. Under the same conditions acidity did not decrease with the flavonic extract and myricetin 3-O-ᴅ-galactoside significantly as compared to control. Gastric ulcers induced by oral administration of absolute ethanol were reduced by pretreatment with the flavonoid extract of doses from 125 to 250 mg/kg and the isolated flavonoid of 25 mg/kg p.o. However neither the flavonic extract nor the isolated flavonoid induced changes in the amount and glycoprotein content of gastric mucus.

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