The Role of Epigenetic Functionalization of Implants and Biomaterials in Osseointegration and Bone Regeneration—A Review

The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a potential treatment model has been observed in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This review aims to put forward the epigenetic mechanisms as a promising strategy in implant surface functionalization and modification of biomaterials, to promote better osseointegration and bone regeneration, and could be applicable for alveolar bone regeneration and osseointegration in the future. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were conducted, using a specific search strategy limited to publications in the last 5 years to identify preclinical studies in order to address the following focused questions: (i) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize implant surfaces to achieve better osseointegration? (ii) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize biomaterials to achieve better bone regeneration? Results: Findings from several studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in functionalizing implants surfaces and biomaterials to promote osseointegration and bone regeneration, respectively. However, there are scarce data on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications for these specific applications, despite being commonly applied in cancer research. Conclusions: Studies over the past few years have demonstrated that biomaterials are immunomodulatory rather than inert materials. In this context, epigenetics can act as next generation of advanced treatment tools for future regenerative techniques. Yet, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy/cost effectiveness of these techniques in comparison to current standards of care.

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Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20061475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1475 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

Adriana Rendon ◽

Knut Schäkel

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Cell Types ◽

Targeted Drugs ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽

The Past ◽

Skin Flora ◽

Skin Biology

Research on psoriasis pathogenesis has largely increased knowledge on skin biology in general. In the past 15 years, breakthroughs in the understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis have been translated into targeted and highly effective therapies providing fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases with a dominant IL-23/Th17 axis. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of the disease, as well as the therapeutic options that have arisen from the dissection of the inflammatory psoriatic pathways. Our discussion begins by addressing the inflammatory pathways and key cell types initiating and perpetuating psoriatic inflammation. Next, we describe the role of genetics, associated epigenetic mechanisms, and the interaction of the skin flora in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Finally, we include a comprehensive review of well-established widely available therapies and novel targeted drugs.

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Delivery Systems and Role of Growth Factors for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Dentistry

Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.5772/55580 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefano Sivolella ◽

Marleen De ◽

Giulia Brunello ◽

Sara Ricci ◽

Drazen Tadic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Delivery Systems

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Role of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Periodontal Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/3515026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lili Wei ◽

Mingwen Liu ◽

Haofei Xiong

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

S 100 ◽

And Function ◽

Plaque Biofilm

Periodontal disease (PD) is a common infectious and inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and destruction of the associated alveolar bone, eventually resulting in tooth loss. This disease is caused by periodontopathic bacteria in plaque biofilm and resultant innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal tissues. Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein of the S-100 protein family and is found to be induced by activated granulocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. CLP has been shown to play an important role in numerous inflammatory diseases and disorders. Increasing evidence indicates that CLP is involved in the progression of PD, and its levels may be associated with disease severity and outcome of periodontal treatments. This review will summarise recent studies regarding the presence, regulation, and function of CLP in PD. The findings indicate that CLP may be an effective biomarker for diagnosis and treatment for the PD.

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Hogyan ellenőrzi az immunrendszer a daganatok kialakulásának és növekedésének folyamatát?

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2016.30508 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 157 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Gábor Sütő

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Biological Network ◽

Antiinflammatory Activity ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Living Organism ◽

Effective Response ◽

The Past ◽

Oncological Diseases ◽

Recent Developments

The role of immune system is the maintenace of the integritiy of the living organism. The elements of the immune system are connected by several ways forming a complex biological network. This network senses the changes of the inner and outer environment and works out the most effective response against infections and tumors. Dysfunction of the immune system leads to the development of cancer development and chronic inflammatory diseases. Modulation of the checkpoints of the immune system opened new perspecitves in the treatment of rheumatological and oncological diseases as well. Beside the potent antiinflammatory activity, new therapies are able to stimulate anticancer activity of the immune system. The result of these recent developments is a better outcome of malignant diseases, which had an unfavorable outcome in the past. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(Suppl. 2), 3–8.

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Macroscopic Hematuria—A Leading Urological Problem in Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: Is the Common Diagnostic Standard Still Advisable?

ISRN Urology ◽

10.5402/2012/710734 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Artur A. Antoniewicz ◽

Łukasz Zapała ◽

Sławomir Poletajew ◽

Andrzej Borówka

Keyword(s):

Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

Macroscopic Hematuria ◽

The Past ◽

Anticoagulant Drugs ◽

The Common ◽

Definition Of

All urological standards of care are based on the past definition of the clinical importance of macroscopic hematuria. The aim of the study was to assess the phenomenon of iatrogenic hematuria in current clinical practice and analyze its origins in patients receiving anticoagulant drugs. Retrospective analysis of clinical documentation of 238 patients that were consulted for hematuria in 2007–2009 by 5 consultant urologists was performed. In the group of 238 patients with hematuria, 155 (65%) received anticoagulants. Abnormalities of urinary tract were found in 45 (19%) patients. Estimated cost of a single neoplasm detection reached the value of 3252 Euro (mean 3-day hospitalization). The strong correlation between the presence of hematuria and anticoagulant treatment was observed. Authors suggest to redefine the present and future role of hematuria from a standard manifestation of serious urological disease to a common result of a long-term anticoagulant therapy.

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Crestal Bone Regeneration in Defective Bone Implants

International Journal of Experimental Dental Science ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1079 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 95-97

Author(s):

Mohammed Jasim Aljuboori

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

Bone Implants ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Primary Wound Closure ◽

Narrow Ridge ◽

Defective Bone

ABSTRACT Implant placement in narrow alveolar bone ridges end with buccal bone dehiscence and implant thread exposure. In this conditions, bone graft need to be placed in a addition to the collagen membrane to cover the dehiscence with primary wound closure. This paper presents an implant case with a medical history of diabetic type II and smoker patient. Implant placed in narrow ridge and three coronal threads of the fixture exposed when the implant torque into the final position. After 3 months healing period, the implant site exposed with complete bone formation and coverage of the threads. From this case, one might conclude that: first the type of the implant surface may enhance bone formation, second the periosteum may contribute in the bone regeneration. Third the medical condition of the patient may has no local influence on the implant site. How to cite this article Aljuboori MJ, Saini R. Crestal Bone Regeneration in Defective Bone Implants. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):95-97.

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Nanotechnology Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Regeneration

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13010201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Goker Funda ◽

Silvio Taschieri ◽

Giannì Aldo Bruno ◽

Emma Grecchi ◽

Savadori Paolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Publication Date ◽

Reference List ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Key Factors ◽

Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽

Key Events

In oral biology, tissue engineering aims at regenerating functional tissues through a series of key events that occur during alveolar/periodontal tissue formation and growth, by means of scaffolds that deliver signaling molecules and cells. Due to their excellent physicochemical properties and biomimetic features, nanomaterials are attractive alternatives offering many advantages for stimulating cell growth and promoting tissue regeneration through tissue engineering. The main aim of this article was to review the currently available literature to provide an overview of the different nano-scale scaffolds as key factors of tissue engineering for alveolar bone regeneration procedures. In this narrative review, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Cochrane electronic databases were searched using key words like “tissue engineering”, “regenerative medicine”, “alveolar bone defects”, “alveolar bone regeneration”, “nanomaterials”, “scaffolds”, “nanospheres” and “nanofibrous scaffolds”. No limitation regarding language, publication date and study design was set. Hand-searching of the reference list of identified articles was also undertaken. The aim of this article was to give a brief introduction to review the role of different nanoscaffolds for bone regeneration and the main focus was set to underline their role for alveolar bone regeneration procedures.

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The role of synthetic biomaterials in resorptive alveolar bone regeneration

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind0702096k ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 96-100

Author(s):

Biljana Kalicanin ◽

Zorica Ajdukovic ◽

Milena Kostic ◽

Stevo Najman ◽

Vojin Savic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Significant Role ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Phosphate Content ◽

Synthetic Material ◽

Nano Composite ◽

Mandibular Bone

The alveolar bone tissue resorption defect has a significant role in dentistry. Because of the bone tissue deficit developed by alveolar resorption, the use of synthetic material CP/PLGA (calcium-phosphate/polylactide-co-gliycolide) composite was introduced. Investigations were performed on rats with artificially produced resorption of the mandibular bone. The results show that the best effect on alveolar bone were attained by using nano-composite implants. The effect of the nanocomposite was ascertained by determining the calcium and phosphate content, as a basis of the hydroxyapatite structure. The results show that synthetic CP/PLGA nanocomposite alleviate the rehabilitation of weakened alveolar bone. Due to its osteoconductive effect, CP/PLGA can be the material of choice for bone substitution in the future.

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The Role of Epigenetics in the Regulation of Hemostatic Balance

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718400 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Danese ◽

Martina Montagnana ◽

Matteo Gelati ◽

Giuseppe Lippi

Keyword(s):

Substantial Contribution ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Epigenetic Alterations ◽

Risk Of Bleeding ◽

The Past ◽

Lines Of Evidence ◽

Platelet Functions

AbstractEpigenetics, a term conventionally used to explain the intricate interplay between genes and the environment, is now regarded as the fundament of developmental biology. Several lines of evidence garnered over the past decades suggest that epigenetic alterations, mostly encompassing DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and generation of microRNAs, play an important, though still incompletely explored, role in both primary and secondary hemostasis. Epigenetic variations may interplay with platelet functions and their responsiveness to antiplatelet drugs, and they may also exert a substantial contribution in modulating the production and release into the bloodstream of proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. This emerging evidence may have substantial biological and clinical implications. An enhanced understanding of posttranscriptional mechanisms would help to clarify some remaining enigmatic issues in primary and secondary hemostasis, which cannot be thoughtfully explained by genetics or biochemistry alone. Increased understanding would also pave the way to developing innovative tests for better assessment of individual risk of bleeding or thrombosis. The accurate recognition of key epigenetic mechanisms in hemostasis would then contribute to identify new putative therapeutic targets, and develop innovative agents that could be helpful for preventing or managing a vast array of hemostasis disturbances.

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On Future Directions in Pathology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053991 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 274-277

Author(s):

Benjamin F. Trump ◽

Irene K. Berezesky ◽

Raymond T. Jones

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Future Directions ◽

Diagnostic Pathology ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Organ Systems ◽

The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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