Extraction of Vanillin Following Bioconversion of Rice Straw and Its Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Value-added chemicals, including phenolic compounds, can be generated through lignocellulosic biomass conversion via either biological or chemical pretreatment. Currently vanillin is one of the most valuable of these products that has been shown to be extractable on an industrial scale. This study demonstrates the potential of using rice straw inoculated with Serpula lacrymans, which produced a mixture of high value bio-based compounds including vanillin. Key extraction conditions were identified to be the volume of solvent used and extraction time, which were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The vanillin compounds extracted from rice straw solid state fermentation (SSF) was confirmed through LC-ESI MS/MS in selective ion mode. The optimum concentration and yield differed depending on the solvent, which was predicted using 60 mL ethyl acetate for 160 min were 0.408% and 3.957 μg g−1 respectively. In comparison, when ethanol was used, the highest concentration and yields of vanillin were 0.165% and 2.596 μg g−1. These were achieved using 40 mL of solvent, and extraction time increased to 248 min. The results confirm that fungal conversion of rice straw to vanillin could consequently offer a cost-effect alternative to other modes of production.

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OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FOR FUCOXANTHIN, GALLIC ACID AND RUTIN FROM NITZSCHIA THERMALIS

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.15673/fst.v13i1.1342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vasfiye Hazal Özyur ◽

Ayşegül Erdoğan ◽

Zeliha Zeliha Demirel ◽

Meltem Conk Dalay ◽

Semih Ötleş

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Response Surface ◽

Desirability Function ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Value Added ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Extraction Parameters

Recently, microalgae have become important in their health, and cosmetic applications since they are viewed as new sources of carotenoids. Fucoxanthin is also a type of carotenoid. The anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties of fucoxanthin have been widely reported. Since these valuable properties, they also represent a valuable resource of nutraceuticals for functional food applications. This study aims to determine the amount of fucoxanthin, gallic acid, and rutin in Nitzschia thermalis obtained from the Ege University Microalgae Culture Collection. The extraction parameters have been optimized using response surface methodology. The extraction temperature (25, 35, and 45°C), the extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min) and the biomass/solvent ratio (0.005, 0.001, and 0.015 g ml-1) have been assessed as response variables in the Box – Behnken design. The amount of fucoxanthin was determined by the C30 column at 450 nm, while both the amount of gallic acid and rutin were separated in the C18 column at 275 nm by HPLC-DAD. In the present study, the optimum extraction conditions providing the maximum amount of fucoxantin, gallic acid, and rutin were selected by applying the “desirability” function approach in response surface methodology. Finally, the temperature has been determined to be 27.30°C, the extraction time 10 minutes, and the biomass ratio 0.05 g ml-1. Under these conditions, the optimum fucoxanthin level has been determined as 5.8702 mg g-1, the gallic acid level as 0.0140 mg g-1, and the rutin level as 0.0496 mg g-1. The findings are in good agreement with international published values for fucoxanthin content. In addition, response surface methodology was shown to be an effective technique for optimising extraction conditions for maximum fucoxanthin yield. In conclusion, these findings may be applied in the development of extraction methodologies for value added microalgea products as well as can serve as a reference for the extraction of fucoxanthin having high gallic acid and rutin from other brown microalgae, and therefore it could potentially be applied in both pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Response Surface Methodology towards Optimization of Calotropis Procera Essential oil Extraction by using Supercritical CO2.

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666191122095706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Zaeri ◽

Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas ◽

Bijan Honarvar ◽

Ali Shokuhi Rad

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Retrieval Rate ◽

The Family ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Central Composite

: In this research, the extraction of essential oil from Calotropis Procera with the family name of Asclepiadaceae, by supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) solvent has been investigated in detail, and the yield and chemical profile of the extracts achieved by this method were compared with those resulted by the conventional Hydro distillation method. To optimize the process parameters of CO2 supercritical extraction (SCE) of the Calotropis Procera, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed. The effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on the oil yield are considered for investigation. Results showed that the data were sufficiently fitted into the second-order polynomial model. The extraction conditions, including pressure, temperature, and extraction time, were studied between 150-200 bar, 40-50 ºC, and 50-100 min, respectively. The optimal conditions are achieved as the temperature of 47.19ºC, the pressure of 172.2 bar, and time of 86 minutes with the retrieval rate of 31.39%.

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Homogenate Extraction of Crocins from Saffron Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/9649062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yingpeng Tong ◽

Yu Jiang ◽

Dan Guo ◽

Yongqiu Yan ◽

Shiping Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Single Factor ◽

Extraction Voltage ◽

Homogenate Extraction

Saffron, which has many kinds of biological activities, has been widely used in medicine, cosmetics, food, and other fields of health promotion industries. Crocins are the main component of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). At present, most of the extraction methods for crocins require long time or special instruments to complete the process and some of them are not suitable for industrial production at present. In this article, homogenate extraction technology which is a convenient and efficient method was developed for crocins extraction from saffron. Firstly, the influences of extraction voltage, extraction time, ethanol concentration, and temperature on crocins yield were studied by single factor experiments; and then response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize levels of four variables based on the result of single factor experiments. Results showed that the optimum extraction process conditions for crocins were as follows: extraction voltage, 110 V; ethanol concentration, 70%; extraction temperature, 57°C; and extraction time, 40 s. Based on these conditions, the extraction yield of crocins can reach 22.76% which is higher than ultrasonic extraction method. Therefore, homogenate extraction is an effective way to extract crocins from saffron with higher extraction yield and shorter extraction time.

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Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Quercus infectoria Oil

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v74.4703 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Liza Md Salleh ◽

Stashia ELeaness Rosland Abel ◽

Gholamreza Zahedi ◽

Russly Abd Rahman ◽

Hasmida Mohd Nasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Quercus Infectoria

This current study focuses on the modelling and optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus infectoria galls oil. In this case, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied for the modelling and prediction of extraction yield of galls oil. A 17-run Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to statistically optimize the process parameters of SC-CO2 extraction of Quercus infectoria galls at a condition as follows: pressure (5000, 6000, 7000 Psi), temperature (40, 50, 60°C) and extraction time (30, 45, 60 min). The maximum yield of the extracted oil is1.12 % and the optimum conditions are at an extraction pressure of 5574 Psi; extraction temperature of 75°C and extraction time of 54 min. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental results agree with the predicted values obtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA). This indicates a successful response surface methodology and highly satisfactory goodness of fit of the model used. The analysis of experimental design for process optimization results demonstrates that temperature and extraction time are the main parameters that influence the oil extraction of Quercus infectoria.

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Optimization of Aqueous Two Phase Extraction of Proteins from Litopenaeus Vannamei Waste by Response Surface Methodology Coupled Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Chemical Product and Process Modeling ◽

10.1515/cppm-2019-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Saravana Pandian ◽

S. Sindhanai Selvan ◽

A. Subathira ◽

S. Saravanan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Value Added ◽

Phase System ◽

Two Phase ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm

Abstract Waste generated from industrial processing of seafood is an enormous source of commercially valuable proteins. One among the underutilized seafood waste is shrimp waste, which primarily consists of head and carapace. Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is the widely cultivated shrimp in Asia and contributes to 90 % of aggregate shrimp production in the world. This work was focused on extraction as well as purification of value-added proteins from L. vannamei waste in a single step aqueous two phase system (ATPS). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and trisodium citrate system were chosen for the ATPS owing to their adequate partitioning and less toxic nature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented for the optimization of independent process variables such as PEG molecular weight (2000 to 6000), pH (6 to 8) and temperature (25 to 45 °C). The results obtained from RSM were further validated using a Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA). At the optimized condition of PEG molecular weight 2000, pH 8 and temperature 35 °C, maximum partition coefficient and protein yield were found to be 2.79 and 92.37 %, respectively. Thus, L. vannamei waste was proved to be rich in proteins, which could be processed industrially through cost-effective non-polluting ATPS extraction, and RSM coupled MGA could be a potential tool for such process optimization.

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Effects of Ultrasonic-Microwave-Assisted Technology on Hordein Extraction from Barley and Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/9280241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao Guan ◽

Lv Li ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Sen Li

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Process Intensification ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

The Difference

We investigated the process intensification of ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology for hordein extraction from barley. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the extraction conditions and to analyze the interaction between four selected variables: temperature, microwave power, ultrasonic power, and extraction time. The validated extraction yield of hordein reached 8.84% at 78°C, microwave power 298 W, and ultrasonic power 690 W after 20 min as optimum conditions. Compared with traditional water-bath extraction (4.7%), the ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology effectively increased the hordein extraction yield and shortened the extraction time. According to the obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.9457), ultrasonic power and extraction time were the first two significant factors. However, temperature limited the effects of other factors during extraction. SDS-PAGE and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the hordein extract and to clarify the difference between the two hordein fractions extracted with new and traditional methods, respectively. Ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology provided a new way to improve hordein extraction yield from barley and could be a good candidate for industrial application of process intensification.

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Optimization of Microwave Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology of Flavonoids from Tussilago farfara L.

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.763.246 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 763 ◽

pp. 246-249

Author(s):

Xiao Song ◽

Peng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Extraction ◽

Water Solvent ◽

Tussilago Farfara ◽

Optimum Extraction

Flavonoids from Tussilago farfara L. was extracted with the assistance of microwave.Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction time; microwave power and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high flavonoids yield.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 73.3% ethanol-water solvent, time 16.25 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 36.2ml/g.The yield of flavonoids was 11.37% based on the above mentioned conditions.

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Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology On Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidants Properties

10.20944/preprints201801.0022.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Khurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir ◽

Siti Salwa Abdul Gani ◽

Nor Fadzillah Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

In this study, the optimal condition for the extraction of antioxidants from the fruit Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) was determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization was applied using central composite design (CCD) to investigate the three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (oC), extraction time (minutes) and extraction solvent to-feed ratio (%v/v) on the responses of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing power assay (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC).The optimal conditions for the antioxidants extraction were found to be extraction temperature (64oC), extraction time (66 minutes) and solvent to-feed ratio (75 %v/v) with the highest percentage yield of DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC were 86.85%, 7.47%, 292.86 mg/g and 3.22 mg/g respectively. Moreover, the data were subjected to response surface methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R2) above 99%, proving the yield of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidants activities obtained experimentally were close to the predicted values and the suitability of the model employed in RSM to optimize the extraction conditions. Hence, in this study, the fruit from P.macrocarpa could be considered to have the strong antioxidant ability and can be used in various cosmeceutical or medicinal applications.

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Optimization of the extraction of natural phenolic antioxidants from the seeds of Tamarindus indica L. - an undervalued by product of food processing - using response surface methodology

Acta Biologica Szegediensis ◽

10.14232/abs.2018.1.67-74 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atreyi Sarkar ◽

Uma Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Solvent Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The seeds of Tamarindus indica are known to possess a wide range of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity as measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In the present study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of crude phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind seed were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, namely concentration of extractable solids in solvent (g/ml; X1), extraction time (h; X2), extraction temperature (°C; X3) and solvent concentration (%, v/v; X4) on the responses of total polyphenol content (TPC) and FRAP. The CCD consisted of 30 experimental runs. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the responses. Canonical analysis of the surface responses revealed that the predicted optimal conditions for the maximal yield of TPC and FRAP were concentration of extractable solids in solvent of 0.049 g/ml, extraction time of 3.24 h, extraction temperature of 45 °C and a solvent concentration of 50%. The experimental values in the optimised condition coincided with the predicted ones within a 95% confidence interval, hence indicating the suitability of the model and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction parameters.

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OPTIMIZATION OF REFLUX EXTRACTION FOR CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN. WOOD BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Mohd Azahar Mohd Ariff ◽

Muhammad Syafiq Abd Jalil ◽

Noor ‘Aina Abdul Razak ◽

Jefri Jaapar

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Caesalpinia Sappan ◽

The Mean ◽

Repeated Runs

Caesalpinia sappan linn. (CSL) is a plant which is also known as Sepang tree contains various medicinal values such as to treat diarrhea, skin rashes, syphilis, jaundice, drinking water for blood purifying, diabetes, and to improve skin complexion. The aim of this study is to obtain the most optimum condition in terms of the ratio of sample to solvent, particle size, and extraction time to get the highest amount of concentration of the CSL extract. In this study, the ranges of each parameters used were: ratio sample to solvent: 1.0:20, 1.5:20, 2.0:20, 2.5:20, 3.0:20, particle size: 1 mm, 500 um, 250 um, 125 um, 63 um, and extraction time: 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr. The concentration was analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. From the design, 20 samples were run throughout this experiment. The optimized value from the RSM were 2.0:20 for ratio sample to solvent, 125 µm of particle size and 2.48 hours with the concentration of 37.1184 ppm. The accuracy of the predictive model was validated with 2 repeated runs and the mean percentage error was less than 3%. This confirmed the model’s capability for optimizing the conditions for the reflux extraction of CSL’s wood.

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