Methanol Mitigation during Manufacturing of Fruit Spirits with Special Consideration of Novel Coffee Cherry Spirits

Methanol is a natural ingredient with major occurrence in fruit spirits, such as apple, pear, plum or cherry spirits, but also in spirits made from coffee pulp. The compound is formed during fermentation and the following mash storage by enzymatic hydrolysis of naturally present pectins. Methanol is toxic above certain threshold levels and legal limits have been set in most jurisdictions. Therefore, the methanol content needs to be mitigated and its level must be controlled. This article will review the several factors that influence the methanol content including the pH value of the mash, the addition of various yeast and enzyme preparations, fermentation temperature, mash storage, and most importantly the raw material quality and hygiene. From all these mitigation possibilities, lowering the pH value and the use of cultured yeasts when mashing fruit substances is already common as best practice today. Also a controlled yeast fermentation at acidic pH facilitates not only reduced methanol formation, but ultimately also leads to quality benefits of the distillate. Special care has to be observed in the case of spirits made from coffee by-products which are prone to spoilage with very high methanol contents reported in past studies.

Download Full-text

Studies on the Fermentation Technics of Dry Wild Jujube Wine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2951 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 2951-2956 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yue Hua Liu ◽

Qing Xiao Zhao

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Yeast Fermentation ◽

Total Acid ◽

Inoculum Concentration ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

Fermentation Temperature ◽

Jujube Fruit ◽

Active Dry Yeast

In this study, we tried to utilize wild jujube as the raw material to produce fruit wine. Grape wine active dry yeast was used for fermentation. The effects of initial sugar content, inoculation concentration of yeast, fermentation temperature and pH were investigated. Fermentation conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. The resulted optimum fermentation conditions were as the following: initial sugar content: 18%, pH value: 4.0, fermentation temperature: 24°C, and inoculum concentration of dry yeast: 0.3%. The produced wine was amber, clear and transparent, fresh jujube fruit aroma, and had mellow and harmonious taste. Its alcohol content was 12.6% vol, the content of residual sugar was 1.5 g/L, vc content was 350 mg/L and total acid were 4.0 g/L.

Download Full-text

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

Environmental Problems ◽

10.23939/ep2020.03.179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 179-184

Author(s):

Marianna Havryshko ◽

◽

Olena Popovych ◽

Halyna Yaremko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Food Industry ◽

Ph Value ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Present Stage ◽

Alcohol Industry ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

Download Full-text

Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica ◽

10.2478/v10303-012-0010-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 123-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zsuzsanna Horváth ◽

Béla Marosvölgyi ◽

Christine Idler ◽

Ralf Pecenka ◽

Hannes Lenz

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Health Risk ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Raw Material ◽

Special Focus ◽

Fungal Development ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Fungal Particles

Abstract - There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling. The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.

Download Full-text

Technical accounting: sugar extraction and losses

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si25654 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 712-721

Author(s):

Jan Maarten de Bruijn de Bruijn

Keyword(s):

Process Improvement ◽

Best Practice ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Cost Leadership ◽

Sugar Extraction ◽

White Sugar

The bought sugar in the processed raw material (either beet or cane) comprises a high financial value and may contribute to somewhere around 50% of the white sugar production costs. It is therefore of the utmost importance to minimize sugar losses along the process and produce as much white sugar as possible from the raw material. This paper explains the principle of technical accounting as tool to control sugar extraction and losses in beet sugar manufacture. The sugar mass balance used to calculate the overall sugar extraction yield, as well as several simple calculations proposed for estimating the different sugar losses (like e.g. extraction (diffusion) losses, infection losses, sugar losses in molasses, etc.) in the subsequent process steps will be explained in detail. Proper technical accounting is considered indispensable for continuous process control and process improvement in pursuit of best-practice operation and cost-leadership.

Download Full-text

A Novel Approach to Fabricate Foam Ceramics from Steel Slag

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/4649082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yu Zheng ◽

Xudong Luo ◽

Jinlong Yang ◽

Wenlong Huo ◽

Chi Kang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Ph Value ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Raw Material ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Ceramic Foams ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Stability ◽

First Time

A novel approach is used for fabricating steel slag foam ceramics based on the particle-stabilized foaming method. In this work, steel slag was used as the raw material and propyl gallate (PG) was used as the surface modifier. For the first time, steel slag ceramic foams were successfully fabricated based on particle-stabilized foams. The results show that the stability of the ceramic foams was closely related to the pH value and PG concentration. The porosity and compressive strength could be controlled by changing the solid loading of steel slag and sintering temperature. The porosity of steel slag foam ceramics ranged from 85.6% to 62.53%, and the compressive strength was from 1.74 MPa to 10.42 MPa. The thermal conductivity of steel slag foam ceramics was only 0.067 W (m·K)−1, which shows that it could be used as a thermal insulation material.

Download Full-text

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.324 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 454 ◽

pp. 324-328

Author(s):

Yan He ◽

Ya Jing Liu ◽

Yong Lin Cao ◽

Li Xia Zhou

Keyword(s):

Silicic Acid ◽

Ph Value ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Ph Values ◽

The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

Download Full-text

Effect of wood acidity and catalyst on UF resin gel time

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2004.061 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 408-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

C. Xing ◽

S.Y. Zhang ◽

J. Deng

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gel Time ◽

Uf Resin ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Fiber Materials

Abstract Knowledge of pH and buffering capacity of raw fiber materials is important for understanding the effects of raw material on the curing rate of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin, used for panel manufacturing, especially with some less-desirable wood materials such as bark, top, and commercial thinnings. The effects of pH and buffering capacity as well as catalyst content on the gel time of UF resin were investigated. The results obtained from this study indicate that bark has a lower pH value as well as higher acid and alkaline buffering capacities than wood of the same species due to their extractives. The pH values of the raw fiber materials studied decrease with increased absolute and relative acid buffering capacity due to the increased absolute acidity mass in the solution. At lower levels of added catalyst, the effect of raw material pH on UF resin gel time is significant, while it is insignificant at higher catalyst contents. This may be due to the acidity of wood, which is the main acid catalyst source of the mixture at lower levels of added catalyst, while at higher levels, catalyst is the main source. With higher catalyst contents, all studied raw materials mixed with UF resin result in a longer gel time than does UF resin alone.

Download Full-text

Quality of potatoes grown in various regions of Serbia as influenced by heavy metal and pesticide residues concentrations

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas0202161r ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 161-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milos Rajkovic ◽

Lidija Peric ◽

Divna Kovacevic

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Ph Value ◽

Starch Content ◽

Potato Production ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Raw Material ◽

Current Season ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Chemical Procedure

It is possible to decompose starch into monosaccharides by the method of acid starch hydrolysis. By applying appropriate chemical procedure, a main solution is obtained, from which aliquots are taken after filtration to determine of the present glucose according to Luff-Shoorlu method. The analysed potatoes of cv. Desiree, grown on various sites in Serbia, have starch content that corresponds to available literature data. The highest starch content is found in potatoes from Ivanjica and Novi Pazar, i.e. from the areas where climate factors, air temperature, and land relief are favourable for potato growing. Lower starch contents are found in potatoes grown in flat areas with warmer climate and drier periods. Those are sites in PKB-Belgrade, Smederevo, Dobanovci and Mrcajevci areas, where the values obtained by experimental procedure are very similar. The lowest starch content is found in potatoes from Belegis and Guca sites, where starch content is lower than normal from literature values, which may be explained by some special causes (climate, location, irrigation). On the basis of heavy metal contents in potato samples, it may be concluded that potatoes originating from sites famous for potato production are contaminated with Cd the content of which exceeds concentrations permitted by regulations. The presence of Cd in potato samples may also be explained by the application of phosphate fertilizers in higher (or recommended) rates. However, the soil itself should also be investigated, especially concerning the content of Cd and pH value. Thus, the influence of the soil itself should be established compared to fertilizer application in the current season. Presence of Cd in potatoes, on the other hand, is highly unfavourable because it prevents its utilization in nutrition, but also as a raw material for further processing of products based on potatoes: chips, etc. Also, Cd presence in foods is strictly controlled by EU, which prevents possible export of products based on potatoes containing Cd. Analyses of lindane and bensultap (Bancol) pesticides indicate that they are not within critical values, nor in such quantities to affect human health, so, from this aspect, the analysed potato samples from all sites are absolutely suitable for consumation.

Download Full-text

Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover with pH adjustment on properties of pulp and hydrolysate

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.6826-6839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 6826-6839

Author(s):

Junjun Kong ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Ziyi Niu ◽

Rina Wu ◽

Gaosheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Ph Value ◽

Major Product ◽

Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Yield ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Industrial Utilization ◽

The Relationship

In view of environmental and economic issues, co-production technology with pulp as the major product is an important developmental direction in biorefinery. In this paper, high-yield pulp was prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment with controlled pH and subsequent mechanical refining using corn stover as raw material. By adding acetic acid or sodium hydroxide, the properties of the hydrolysate and the pulp were altered. Reducing the pH during hydrothermal pretreatment resulted in more cellulose and hemicellulose being released, while less lignin was released. Increased pH led to more lignin being released, while dissolution of carbohydrates did not change significantly. A maximum pulp yield at pH 5.84 of hydrolysate was obtained when 3.0% sodium hydroxide was used. The strength of pulp is highly related to the removal of lignin during hydrothermal pretreatment. The relationship between pH value in hydrothermal pretreatment and the physical properties of the pulp was established and could be further used for prediction and as guidance for process control. Moreover, the results could be used to develop technologies for industrial utilization of agricultural straw to co-generate fiber and other bio-based products.

Download Full-text