scholarly journals Calorimetric Evaluation of Glycyrrhetic Acid (GA)- and Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate (SG)-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Interactions with a Model Biomembrane

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4903
Author(s):  
Debora Santonocito ◽  
Carmelo Puglia ◽  
Cristina Torrisi ◽  
Alessandro Giuffrida ◽  
Valentina Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Glycyrrhetic Acid ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Nanoparticle Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Carrier Systems ◽  
Potential Use

Glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and stearyl glycyrrhetinate (SG) are two interesting compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra, showing numerous biological properties widely applied in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Despite these appreciable benefits, their potential therapeutic properties are strongly compromised due to unfavourable physical-chemical features. The strategy exploited in the present work was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as carrier systems for GA and SG delivery. Both formulations loaded with GA and SG (GA-SLNs and SG-SLNs, respectively) were prepared by the high shear homogenization coupled to ultrasound (HSH-US) method, and we obtained good technological parameters. DSC was used to evaluate their thermotropic behaviour and ability to act as carriers for GA and SG. The study was conducted by means of a biomembrane model (multilamellar vesicles; MLVs) that simulated the interaction of the carriers with the cellular membrane. Unloaded and loaded SLNs were incubated with the biomembranes, and their interactions were evaluated over time through variations in their calorimetric curves. The results of these studies indicated that GA and SG interact differently with MLVs and SLNs; the interactions of SG-SLNs and GA-SLNs with the biomembrane model showed different variations of the MLVs calorimetric curve and suggest the potential use of SLNs as delivery systems for GA.

Update on Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia Species

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Agarwal ◽  
Long-Sheng Chang ◽  
Djaja Doel Soejarto ◽  
A. Douglas Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

AbstractWith about 120 species, Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the plant family Meliaceae (the mahogany plants). It is native to the tropical rainforests of the Indo-Australian region, ranging from India and Sri Lanka eastward to Polynesia and Micronesia. Various Aglaia species have been investigated since the 1960s for their phytochemical constituents and biological properties, with the cyclopenta[b]benzofurans (rocaglates or flavaglines) being of particular interest. Phytochemists, medicinal chemists, and biologists have conducted extensive research in establishing these secondary metabolites as potential lead compounds with antineoplastic and antiviral effects, among others. The varied biological properties of rocaglates can be attributed to their unusual structures and their ability to act as inhibitors of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), affecting protein translation. The present review provides an update on the recently reported phytochemical constituents of Aglaia species, focusing on rocaglate derivatives. Furthermore, laboratory work performed on investigating the biological activities of these chemical constituents is also covered.

scholarly journals Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Milka Mileva ◽  
Yana Ilieva ◽  
Gabriele Jovtchev ◽  
Svetla Gateva ◽  
Maya Margaritova Zaharieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Rosa Gallica ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.

scholarly journals Boolean Implication Analysis Unveils Candidate Universal Relationships in Microbiome Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Vo ◽  
Shayal Charisma Singh ◽  
Sara Safa ◽  
Debashis Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Asymmetric Data ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boolean Implication

Abstract Background: Microbiomes consist of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, and are responsible for many different functions in both organisms and the environment. Some previous analyses of microbiomes focus on the relationships between specific microbiomes and a particular disease. These typically use correlation which is fundamentally symmetric with respect to pairs of microbes. Correlation focuses on the symmetry of the data distribution, and asymmetric data is often discarded as having a weak correlation. With all the data available on the microbiome, there is a need for a method that comprehensively studies microbiomes and how they are related to each other.Results: We collect publicly available datasets from human, environment, and animal samples to determine both symmetric and asymmetric Boolean relationships between a pair of microbes. We then find relationships that are potentially invariants, meaning they will hold in any microbe community. In other words, if we determine there is a relationship between two microbes, we expect the relationship to hold in almost all context. We discovered that certain pairs of microbes always exhibit the same relationship in almost all the datasets we studied, thus making them good candidates for universal relationships. Our results confirm known biological properties and seem promising in terms of disease diagnosis.Conclusions: Since the relationships are likely universal, we expect that they will hold in a clinical setting as well as in the general population. Strong universal relationships may provide insight on prognostic, predictive, or therapeutic properties of a clinically relevant disease. These new analyses may improve disease diagnosis and drug development in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOPHAGE PHAGUM B.C. 11 UGSHA

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
K. V. Martynova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Technological Parameters

The article presents the results of research on the biological properties of the bacteriophage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA. Bioinformatic sequence data of Bacillus coagulans phage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA: length: 42609 bp, GC content: 37,1 %, molecular weight: 27 014 203,97 Da, the molarity of 1 μg/μl: 0.04 μm, the number of molecules in 1 g: 2.23 x 1010, And 260 of 1 μg/mql after 100-fold dilution: 0,259. Experimentally technological parameters of cultivation system phage/host were selected(0.2 ml of bacteriophage to 0.2 ml of the indicator culture B. coagulans), passage time-6 hours at the cultivation temperature- 35±20С. It is recommended to use Millipore membrane filters of 0.22 μm GV for cleaning Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA. It was determined that the lytic activity by Appelman was 10-9, by Grazia the indicator was4,0+0,1×1010 ((BFU / ml); Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA had strict specificity in relation to B. coagulans strains; morphology of plaque-forming units (rounded shape with a transparent center, zones of incomplete lysis, diameter 1-4 mm, secondary growth was not observed). It is empirically established that Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA did not lose its lytic activity after 3 months when stored at a temperature of 2-40С, and after 12 months the indicator decreased to 108. The studied biological properties of bacteriophage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA isolated from fresh tomatoes with signs of spoiling, specific for 46 out of 50 bacterial strains of Bacillus coagulans, allow us to recommend Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA for the production of phage biopreparations used not only in the laboratory for the indication and identification of Bacillus coagulans bacteria specific to it, but also for decontamination of food raw materials and food products, prevention of food poisoning, since the data of our genetic and proteomic mapping allow us to conclude that the Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA bacteriophage does not contain pathogenicity locuses and their homologues.

Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Knee Arthritis and Cartilage Defects: A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Fang ◽  
ZhiTao Sun ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Bo Han ◽  
C. Thomas Vangsness
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell lineages including adipocytes, chondrocytes, tenocytes, bones, and myoblasts. These properties make the cell a promising candidate for regenerative medicine applications, especially when dealing with sports injuries in the knee. MSCs can be isolated from almost every type of adult tissue. However, most of the current research focuses on MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose, and placenta derived products. Synovial fluid-derived MSCs (SF-MSCs) are relatively overlooked but have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties including possessing higher chondrogenic proliferation capabilities than other types of MSCs. Interestingly, SF-MSC population has shown to increase exponentially in patients with joint injury or disease, pointing to a potential use as a biomarker or as a treatment of some orthopaedic disorders. In this review, we go over the current literature on synovial fluid-derived MSCs including the characterization, the animal studies, and discuss future perspectives.

scholarly journals Case studies of enhanced pharmacodynamic activity of poorly oral bioavailable drugs via solid lipid nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
D Raju
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Colloidal Carrier ◽  
Carrier Systems

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) considered as an alternative vehicle for the enhanced oral absorption of drugs, and also to enhance therapeutic effectiveness after oral administration. Pharmacodynamic activity of drug is mainly describes the pharmacological and therapeutic activity of drug to the biological system. Lipid nanoparticles especially SLNs made of physiological inert lipid molecules and helps the lymphatic transport. Numerous literatures is available on the effect of SLNs and other colloidal carrier systems on the pharmacokinetic activity of poorly bioavailable drugs, to improve their oral absorption and also respective mechanisms for the improved oral bioavailability. However, very few literatures is reported on the pharmacodynamic activity and the effect of dose on the pharmacodynamic activity. Therefore, the current review is mainly dealing with the effect of SLNs on the pharmacodynamic activity discussed.   Keywords: Oral absorption, solid lipid nanoparticles, lymphatic transport, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics.

scholarly journals Phytochemical constituents and biological properties of domesticated capsicum species: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Aqsa Akhtar ◽  
Waqas Asghar ◽  
Nauman Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Color Profile ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
Almost All

Pepper (Capsicum spp) is cultivated and consumed in almost every region of the world both as fresh vegetable and dried spice. Capsicum and its different varieties possess many valuable properties which distinguish them from other vegetables and in many food items as a spice for its strong pungent flavor that is produced during the secondary metabolism of the plant.Capsicum fruit exhibits a multiple color profile due to the presence of carotenoids which can be used as a natural coloring agent and antioxidant. Almost all the parts of the capsicum are considered a rich source of health-related bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, and other aromatic compounds. One of the important biological properties of capsicum is its ability to act as antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress leading to the prevention of several degenerative diseases. The functional compounds of capsicum exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties, particularly against gram-positive pathogenic microorganisms. The nutraceutical functionality of phytogenic compounds obtained from capsicum also confirms the anticarcinogenic and cardio-preventive effectiveness. The essential oils from capsicum are also being used as anti-aging substances in cosmetic products. Accordingly, this article is an attempt to provide an overview of the chemical and functional properties of the bioactive compounds sourced from capsicum and their effective utilization in the medicine, food, agricultural, cosmetic, and textile industries.Keywords: Capsicum, capsaicinoids, capsaicin, carotenoids, pungency

scholarly journals ECLIPTA ALBA (BHRINGRAJ): A PROMISING HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND HAIR GROWTH STIMULATING HERB.

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
ISHA KUMARI ◽  
HEMLATA KAURAV ◽  
GITIKA CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Plants are the primary source of food, shelter, and various remedial approaches. They are being in use for treating various kinds of human ailments across the world since the ancient times. One of such important plants is Eclipta alba hassk (Asteraceae) which is commonly known as Bhringraj and false daisy. This plant is known for its extra-ordinary therapeutic properties. It is one of most widely used plant in traditional systems of medicines such as Ayurvedic, Unani, Sidha, homeopathy, Chinese, and folk. Each part of this medicinal plant contains many important phytochemical constituents such as coumestans, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, polypeptides, and saponins. It is majorly used for enhancing the growth, strength, and blackening of hair. It is used as the main ingredient in many hair oils. It significantly treats problems related to hair such as hair fall, dandruff, premature greying, and baldness. E. alba exhibits many other important biological properties such as anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-stress, and immunomodulatory. Thus, this medicinal plant is playing a vital role in the medical field and cosmetic industry. The present review is a summary of phytomedicinal importance of E. alba in Ayurveda as well as folk medicine system.

scholarly journals Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Nicoletti ◽  
Maria Salvatore ◽  
Pasquale Ferranti ◽  
Anna Andolfi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Fruitful Research

Myrtaceae are a group of plants that include a number of renowned species used in ethnomedicine in many areas worldwide. Their valuable therapeutic properties have stimulated a fruitful research activity addressed to the identification of the bioactive components of their extracts yielding a great diversity of terpenes; polyphenols; and other exclusive products. Among the latter, starting with the discovery of myrtucommulone A from myrtle (Myrtus communis), a series of structurally-related acylphloroglucinol compounds have been characterized from several species that represent the basic active principles to be considered in view of possible drug development. Aspects concerning chemical and biological properties of these products are reviewed in the present paper.

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