Aurones and Flavonols from Coreopsis lanceolata L. Flowers and Their Anti-Oxidant, Pro-Inflammatory Inhibition Effects, and Recovery Effects on Alloxan-Induced Pancreatic Islets in Zebrafish

(1) Background: Many flavonoids have been reported to exhibit pharmacological activity; a preparatory study confirmed that Coreopsis lanceolata flowers (CLFs) contained high flavonoid structure content; (2) Methods: CLFs were extracted in aqueous methanol (MeOH:H2O = 4:1) and fractionated into acetic ester (EtOAc), normal butanol (n-BuOH), and H2O fractions. Repeated column chromatographies for two fractions led to the isolation of two aurones and two flavonols; (3) Results: Four flavonoids were identified based on a variety of spectroscopic data analyses to be leptosidin (1), leptosin (2), isoquercetin (3), and astragalin (4), respectively. This is the first report for isolation of 2–4 from CLFs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis determined the content levels of compounds 1–4 in the MeOH extract to be 2.8 ± 0.3 mg/g (1), 17.9 ± 0.9 mg/g (2), 3.0 ± 0.2 mg/g (3), and 10.9 ± 0.9 mg/g (4), respectively. All isolated compounds showed radical scavenging activities and recovery activities in Caco-2, RAW264.7, PC-12, and HepG2 cells against reactive oxygen species. MeOH extract, EtOAc fraction, and 1–3 suppressed NO formation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, all compounds recovered the pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan treatment in zebrafish; (4) Conclusions: The outcome proposes 1–4 to serve as components of CLFs in standardizing anti-oxidant, pro-inflammatory inhibition, and potential anti-diabetic agents.

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HPTLC study to determine the antioxidant activity of dried leaves of Portulaca oleracea L.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 254-261

Author(s):

Kesri Nandan Sharma ◽

Nitu Bhatnagar

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

High Performance ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Free Radical Scavengers ◽

Stable Free Radical ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Straightforward Method ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

B Complex Vitamins

This present study involves the assessment of the anti-oxidant activity study of the sample which was obtained from the methanolic extracts of dried leaves of Portulaca Oleracea L.(common name Purslane). Purslane is a rich source of Vitamin A, Vitamin-C and some other B-complex vitamins like riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and carotenoids which are known powerful natural anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation. This methanolic extract of leaves was evaluated for the determination of its anti-oxidant efficiency by using 1,1–diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) by using Silica TLC plates on Camag High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) system using visionCATS software. Densitograms and chromatographs obtained show the presence of anti-oxidant activity. It is a rapid, inexpensive and straightforward method to measure anti-oxidant properties of substances after separation by HPTLC. It involves the use of the free radical, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which is widely used to test the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to evaluate anti-oxidant activity. When Anti-oxidants substances react with DPPH, which is a stable free radical becomes paired off in the presence of a hydrogen donor (e.g., a free radical scavenging anti-oxidant) and is reduced to the DPPHH. As a consequence, the absorbance's decreased from the DPPH.

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Exploration of Locally Grown Yellow and Green Pumpkin as a Potential Source of b-Carotene and Vitamin A

Biological Sciences - PJSIR ◽

10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.63.3.2020.238.241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 238-241

Author(s):

Naseem Zahra ◽

Alim-un- Nisa ◽

Sajila Hina ◽

Shahid Masood ◽

Imran Kalim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

High Performance ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Active Form ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

The People ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Radical Content

Pumpkin is rich in beta-carotene which is used for preventing vitamin A deficiency. About 50 of carotenoids are the "Provitamin A compounds" which are precursors of retinol. Retinol is the active form of vitamin A. It plays an important role in vision. Beta carotene is an important anti-oxidant which protects the damaging of body cells by high free radical content because of its radical scavenging activity. The purpose of this study was to quantify the beta carotene and vitamin A present in yellow and green pumpkins. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze beta carotene and vitamin Yellow pumpkin contained the highest values of both the �-carotene and vitamin A than green pumpkin. The results illustrated that green pumpkin (Curcurbita pepo) possess 20.3µg/g beta carotene; 52.6µg/g vitamin A and yellow pumpkin (Curcurbita maxima) contains 35.7µg/g beta carotene and 60.2 µg/g vitamin A in their pulp. It was concluded that there is a need to promote the use of locally available sources of carotene and retinol to overcome nutrition deficiency in the people.

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APOPTOSIS-INDUCING POTENTIAL OF LAWSONIA ALBA LAM. LEAVES ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HEP-G2) CELLS ALONG WITH ITS ANTI-OXIDANT PROPERTY

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016.v8i9.12815 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Soumyasree Dutta ◽

Nilanjana Deb ◽

Ashok Kumar Pattnaik ◽

Shila Elizabeth Besra

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Hep G2 ◽

Hep G2 Cells ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

G2 Cells

Objective: The current study investigated the anti-cancer potential of methanolic and ethyl acetate fraction of Lawsonia alba L. (Lythraceae) leaves extract on Hep-G2 and RAW 264.7 cells along with in vitro anti-oxidant property of the ethyl acetate fraction.Methods: The cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract and its fractions had been studied by MTT assay on Hep-G2 and RAW 264.7 cells. Morphological study of Hep-G2 cells was performed by light, fluorescence and confocal microscope. 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, detection of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by flow cytometric analysis had been performed to determine the proportion and stages of cellular apoptosis of Hep-G2 cells. In vitro anti-oxidant study of various fractions of MLA were performed by DPPH and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay.Results: Cytotoxicity study of MLA and ELA had been confirmed by MTT assay and the IC50 value were calculated to be 75.85μg/ml and 32.81μg/ml on Hep-G2 cell line respectively. Morphological study showed the arrays of nuclear changes including chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation indicating that treatment with ELA, causes apoptotic changes in the hepatoma cells compared to the untreated control. Agarose gel electrophoresis study showed fragmented DNA in the form of a ladder. Flow cytometric analysis showed an appreciable number of cells in early apoptosis stage. The cells were arrested, mostly in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Antioxidant property of ELA fraction was confirmed by free radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of Lawsonia alba L. leaves possess potent apoptotic activity against Hep-G2 cell line along with notable anti-oxidant activity.

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Coreolanceolins A–E, New Flavanones from the Flowers of Coreopsis lanceolate, and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9060539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 539 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hyoung-Geun Kim ◽

Young Sung Jung ◽

Seon Min Oh ◽

Hyun-Ji Oh ◽

Jung-Hwan Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Spectroscopic Analyses ◽

Water Fractions ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Organic Fractions ◽

Anti Inflammatory

(1) Background: Many flavonoids derived from natural sources have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Our preliminary study suggested that Coreopsis lanceolata flowers (CLFs) include high flavonoid content; (2) Methods: CLFs were extracted in 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol and fractionated into ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions. Repeated column chromatographies for the organic fractions led to the isolation of seven flavanones. Quantitative analysis of the flavanones was carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. All flavanones were evaluated for their antioxidant and pro-inflammatory inhibition effects; (3) Results: Spectroscopic analyses revealed the chemical structure of five new flavanones, coreolanceolins A–E, and two known ones. The content of the seven flavanones in extracts were determined from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 38.8 ± 0.3 mg/g. All flavanones showed radical scavenging activities (respectively 104.3 ± 1.9 to 20.5 ± 0.3 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/100 mg and 1278.6 ± 26.8 to 325.6 ± 0.2 mg VCE/100 mg) in the DPPH and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays and recovery activities in Caco-2 (59.7 to 41.1%), RAW264.7 (87.8 to 56.0%), and PC-12 (100.5 to 69.9%) cells against reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, all flavanones suppressed nitric oxide production (99.5% to 37.3%) and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells; (4) Conclusions: Five new and two known flavanones were isolated from CLF, and most of them showed high antioxidant and pro-inflammatory inhibition effects.

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A New Macrolactone, Racemolide Along With Seven Known Compounds With Biological Activities From Mangrove Plant,Lumnitzera racemosa

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19861255 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1986125

Author(s):

Ahmed Gomaa Gomaa Darwish ◽

Mamdouh Nabil Samy ◽

Sachiko Sugimoto ◽

Hideaki Otsuka ◽

Katsuyoshi Matsunami

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Lumnitzera Racemosa

One new macrolide, racemolide (1), was isolated from an MeOH extract of the leaves of Lumnitzera racemosa with 7 known compounds (2-8) by various chromatographic techniques via silica gel, octadecylsilyl column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the new compound was determined through a combination of spectroscopic and chemical analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antileishmanial, hepatoprotective, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Compound 1 showed potent antileishmanial activity at inhibition % value of 67.6 ± 1.24% compared with the clinical drug miltefosine (93.3 ± 4.39%). Compounds 1 and 5 possessed moderate hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity using human HepG2 cells at protection % value of 21.70 ± 1.97% and 27.5 ± 1.41%, respectively, compared with the standard glycyrrhizin (69.50 ± 3.53%). Compounds 4, 6, 7, and 8 had high DPPH radical scavenging activity (91.10 ± 4.25, 91.53 ± 0.05, 91.91 ± 0.09, and 86.48 ± 2.87%, respectively), while compounds 3 and 5 showed moderate (45.38 ± 3.62% and 62.20 ± 1.47%, respectively), comparable with the standard trolox (89.21 ± 5.88%). These results suggest that the new compound, racemolide (1), and known compounds (3-8) are valuable as promising antileishmanial, hepatoprotective, and anti-oxidant agents.

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Green Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Extract Suppresses Oxidative Stress and LPS-Induced Inflammation via Regulation of JNK Signaling Pathways

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10072519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2519

Author(s):

Dae Won Kim ◽

Min Jeong Kim ◽

Youngjae Shin ◽

Sung Keun Jung ◽

Young-Jun Kim

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

High Performance ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Green Pepper ◽

Inflammatory Stress ◽

Nitrite Production

In this study, we compared the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant capacities of black and green pepper. Green pepper from India (GPI) and Sri Lanka (GPS) had higher Hunter L* and b* values and lower a* values than black pepper from India (BPI) and Sri Lanka (BPS). The contents of chlorophyll a and b, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in GPI and GPS were higher than those in BPI and BPS. The peppercorns showed the following decreasing order of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging capacities: GPI > GPS > BPI > BPS. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the highest piperine content was present in GPI (8613.27 ± 45.86 mg/100 g). We further investigated the anti-inflammatory capacity of the green pepper. GPS and GPI significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression without being cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. GPS and GPI also suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but not p65. GPS had a higher inhibitory effect on LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation and translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus than GPI. Thus, the findings of our study suggest that green pepper has the potential to be an effective nutraceutical against oxidative and inflammatory stress.

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Polyphenol characterization, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-tyrosinase activity of cranberry pomace

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v6i11.292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 754 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vasantha Rupasinghe ◽

Sandhya V. Neir ◽

Indu Parmar

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

High Performance ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tyrosinase Activity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Wide Range ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: Cranberry pomace (CP), an underutilized by-product from juice processing, contains a wide range of biologically active compounds that can be recovered and used in a variety of applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Methods: In this study, analytical chemical techniques such as solvent extractions and characterization of extracts in respect with their phenolic content were performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and spectrophotometry. Crude CP extract and its phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins–rich fractions were then evaluated for their anti-oxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and anti-proliferation activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Results: On a dry weight basis, the different CP fractions contained seven major anthocyanins (0.1-125 mg/g), six major phenolic acids (0.8-31 mg/g), seven flavonols (1-126 mg/g) and five flavan-3-ols (0.1-12 mg/g). Fractions rich in flavonols exhibited the most potent antioxidant capacities with ferric ion reducing antioxidant power values of 1.8-1.9 mmole/g and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging IC50 values of 15.1-15.2 mg/L respectively. On the other hand, fractions rich in phenolic acids and flavan-3-ol monomers demonstrated the most potent anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50=6.1-6.2 mg/L) and anti-proliferative activity (IC50=7.8-15.8 mg/L). Generally, all the fractions exhibited a dose-response relationship in the selected biological activity assays.Conclusion: This study suggests an effective utilization of CP to obtain biologically active fractions with potential to be used in functional foods and nutraceuticals designed for the prevention of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.Keywords: cranberry pomace, polyphenol, anti-tyrosinase, anti-proliferation, nutraceuticals, functional foods

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α-Glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant and Docking Studies of Hydroxycoumarins and their Mono and Bis O-alkylated/acetylated Analogs

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180814666170602081941 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Parvesh Singh ◽

Nomandla Ngcoya ◽

Ramgopal Mopuri ◽

Nagaraju Kerru ◽

Neha Manhas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Catalytic Site ◽

Docking Simulations ◽

In Silico Docking ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease illustrated by abnormally high levels of plasma glucose or hyperglycaemia. Accordingly, several α-glucosidase inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of diabetes and other degenerative disorders. While, a coumarin ring has the privilege to represent numerous natural and synthetic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activities e.g. anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, anti-hypertensive properties. Besides this, coumarins have also shown potential to inhibit α-glucosidase leading to a generation of new promising antidiabetic agents. However, the testing of O-substituted coumarins for α-glucosidase inhibition has evaded the attention of medicinal chemists. Methods: For O-alkylation/acetylation reactions, the hydroxyl coumarins (A-B) initially activated by K2CO3 in dry DMF were reacted with variedly substituted haloalkanes at room temperature under nitrogen. The synthesized compounds were tested for their α-glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) inhibitory activity and anti-oxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging activity. In silico docking simulations were conducted using CDocker module in DS (Accelrys) to explore the binding modes of the representative compounds in the catalytic site of α-glucosidase. Results: All the coumarin analogues (A1, B1, A2-A10, B2-B8) including their precursors (A-B) were evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition using acarbose as a standard inhibitor. All the mono O-alkylated coumarins (except A1) showed significant (p <0.05) α-glucosidase inhibition relative to the hydroxyl coumarin (A) with IC50 values ranging between 11.084±0.117 to 145.24± 29.22 µg/mL. Compound 7-(benzyloxy)-4, 5-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one (A9) bearing a benzyl group (Ph-CH2-) at position 7 showed a remarkable (p <0.05) increase in the activity (IC50 = 11.084±0.117 µg/mL), almost four-fold more than acarbose (IC50 = 40.578±5.999 µg/mL). The introduction of –NO2 group dramatically improved the anti-oxidant activity of coumarin, while the O-alkylation/acetylation decreased the activity. Conclusion: The present study describes the synthesis of functionalized coumarins and their evaluation for α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity under in vitro conditions. Based on IC50 data, the mono O-alkylated coumarins were observed to be stronger inhibitors of α-glucosidase with respect to their bis O-alkylated analogues. Coumarin (A9) bearing O-benzyloxy group displayed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition, even higher than the standard inhibitor acarbose. The coumarin (A10) bearing –NO2 group showed the highest anti-oxidant activity amongst the synthesized compounds, almost comparable to the ascorbic acid. Finally, in silico docking simulations revealed the role of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces in locking the compounds in catalytic site of α-glucosidase.

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Analysis of Brassinosteroids in Soybean Seeds and Leaves by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The Open Plant Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874294701710010100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 100-109

Author(s):

Hongxia Li ◽

Natasha Trzaskalski ◽

R.J. Neil Emery

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Performance ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Aqueous Methanol ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Objective:A simple and fast high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of brassinosteroids (BRs) in plants without derivatization.Materials:The BRs (including castasterone, 24-epicastasterone, brassinolide and 24-epibrassinolide) have been extracted with ice cold 80% aqueous methanol solution.Method:Five different purification strategies have been tested for the purification and enrichment of BRs.Conclusion:This analytical method was sensitive, reliable, rapid and applicable to trace analysis in complex plant samples.

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Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Insecticidal and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Three Acantholimon Species (A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium)

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190117153456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 272-278

Author(s):

Ardalan Pasdaran ◽

Satyajit D. Sarker ◽

Lutfun Nahar ◽

Azadeh Hamedi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Main Compound ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Background: The essential oil from the Acantholimon genus have been an integral part of the traditional food additive in Middle East. Most of the plants in Acantholimon genus have not been studied scientifically. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial, insecticidal and anti-oxidant activities of three Acantholimon species including Acantholimon atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium. Method: The essential oils of the aerial parts were extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical constitutions were identified by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy technique, also their toxicities were assessed against the two important grain products pests, Oryzeaphilus mercator and Tribolium castaneum. Antibacterial activity was assessed against the three foodborne bacteria that include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus based on the disc diffusion assay. Free-radical-scavenging property was identified based on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Results: 2-hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the main compound in A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium, whilst farnesyl acetone, heptacosane and germacrene D were the principal components of A. atropatanum essential oil. These oils exhibited 40-90% mortality of O. mercator and/or T. castaneum at a dose of 12 μl/l air after 48h of exposure, and exhibited significant free-radicalscavenging property (RC50 = 3.7 × 10-3 - 8.3 × 10-3 mg/ml). The oils of A. tragacanthium and A. gilliatii showed a weaker antibacterial activity compared to A. atropatanum. Conclusion: A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium essential oils had significant insecticidal and anti-oxidant properties. They also showed week to moderate antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

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