scholarly journals The Multifaceted Role of Curcumin in Advanced Nanocurcumin Form in the Treatment and Management of Chronic Disorders

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7109
Author(s):  
Priti Tagde ◽  
Pooja Tagde ◽  
Fahadul Islam ◽  
Sandeep Tagde ◽  
Muddaser Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cellular Permeability ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
Viable Method

Curcumin is the primary polyphenol in turmeric’s curcuminoid class. It has a wide range of therapeutic applications, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anticancer effects against various cancers, but has poor solubility and low bioavailability. Objective: To improve curcumin’s bioavailability, plasma concentration, and cellular permeability processes. The nanocurcumin approach over curcumin has been proven appropriate for encapsulating or loading curcumin (nanocurcumin) to increase its therapeutic potential. Conclusion: Though incorporating curcumin into nanocurcumin form may be a viable method for overcoming its intrinsic limitations, and there are reasonable concerns regarding its toxicological safety once it enters biological pathways. This review article mainly highlights the therapeutic benefits of nanocurcumin over curcumin.

Isoform-Selective PI3K Inhibitors for Various Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1074-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rammohan R.Y. Bheemanaboina
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Type I ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Pi3k Inhibitors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lipid Kinases ◽  
Isoform Selectivity

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of ubiquitously distributed lipid kinases that control a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Over the years, PI3K has emerged as an attractive target for the development of novel pharmaceuticals to treat cancer and various other diseases. In the last five years, four of the PI3K inhibitors viz. Idelalisib, Copanlisib, Duvelisib, and Alpelisib were approved by the FDA for the treatment of different types of cancer and several other PI3K inhibitors are currently under active clinical development. So far clinical candidates are non-selective kinase inhibitors with various off-target liabilities due to cross-reactivities. Hence, there is a need for the discovery of isoform-selective inhibitors with improved efficacy and fewer side-effects. The development of isoform-selective inhibitors is essential to reveal the unique functions of each isoform and its corresponding therapeutic potential. Although the clinical effect and relative benefit of pan and isoformselective inhibition will ultimately be determined, with the development of drug resistance and the demand for next-generation inhibitors, it will continue to be of great significance to understand the potential mechanism of isoform-selectivity. Because of the important role of type I PI3K family members in various pathophysiological processes, isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors may ultimately have considerable efficacy in a wide range of human diseases. This review summarizes the progress of isoformselective PI3K inhibitors in preclinical and early clinical studies for anticancer and other various diseases.

scholarly journals Implications on the Therapeutic Potential of Statins via Modulation of Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Armita Mahdavi Gorabi ◽  
Nasim Kiaie ◽  
Saeed Aslani ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
The One ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Statins, which are functionally known as 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, are lipid-lowering compounds widely prescribed in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several biological and therapeutic functions have been attributed to statins, including neuroprotection, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anticancer effects. Pharmacological characteristics of statins have been attributed to their involvement in the modulation of several cellular signaling pathways. Over the past few years, the therapeutic role of statins has partially been attributed to the induction of autophagy, which is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis and accounts for the removal of unfavorable cells or specific organelles within cells. Dysregulated mechanisms of the autophagy pathway have been attributed to the etiopathogenesis of various disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, malignancies, infections, and even aging. Autophagy functions as a double-edged sword during tumor metastasis. On the one hand, it plays a role in inhibiting metastasis through restricting necrosis of tumor cells, suppressing the infiltration of the inflammatory cell to the tumor niche, and generating the release of mediators that induce potent immune responses against tumor cells. On the other hand, autophagy has also been associated with promoting tumor metastasis. Several anticancer medications which are aimed at inducing autophagy in the tumor cells are related to statins. This review article discusses the implications of statins in the induction of autophagy and, hence, the treatment of various disorders.

Nanomaterial: A Sustainable Way to Fight against COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish K. Maldhure
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Almost All

Abstract:: Nanotechnology is multidisciplinary science which deals with physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering sciences. The applications of Nanotechnology cover almost all the branches of science and technology. In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus becomes caused to infection of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) becomes challenge to Hospitals and laboratories, due to the large number samples comes for testing the presence of the causative pathogen. Many Scientist and researchers are devotedly working on to find out rapid immunodiagnostic methods to find positive cases. Nano based drugs offer a new therapeutic scheme against the wide range of bacterial pathogens. In this review article, I try to focus on the role of nanomaterial fighting against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Tricetin Protects Rat Chondrocytes against IL-1β-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Fang Sun ◽  
Peng-Fei Hu ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Jia-Peng Bao ◽  
Jing Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Griess Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation

Tricetin is a well-studied flavonoid with a wide range of pharmacological activities in cancer and inflammation. However, the ability of tricetin to ameliorate the inflammation that occurs in osteoarthritis (OA) has not been determined. This study explored the effects of tricetin on interleukin- (IL-) 1β-induced rat chondrocytes. Chondrocytes harvested from rat cartilage were incubated in vitro with tricetin in the presence of IL-1β. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, MMP-3, MMP-13, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Bax, and Bcl-2 was evaluated by real-time-PCR, ELISA, Griess reaction, and western blotting. Caspase-3 activity in chondrocytes was determined using a caspase-3 activity assay and MAPK pathway activity by western blotting. Tricetin decreased the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 at both the gene and protein level in IL-1β-induced rat chondrocytes. It also inhibited IL-1β-induced NO and PGE2 production, by modulating inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression. An antiapoptotic role of tricetin involving the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway was also determined. The chondroprotective effect of tricetin was shown to be partly related to the suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway. The results of this study demonstrate the chondroprotective role of tricetin, based on its anticatabolic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects in chondrocytes. The therapeutic potential of tricetin in OA patients should be explored in future studies.

scholarly journals The lymphatic system in alcohol-associated liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638
Author(s):  
Reiichiro Kondo ◽  
Yasuko Iwakiri
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Related Disease

The lymphatic system plays vital roles in interstitial fluid balance and immune cell surveillance. The effect of alcohol on the lymphatic system is poorly understood. This review article explores the role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related disease including alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the therapeutic potential of targeting hepatic lymphatics for the treatment of ALD.

scholarly journals CDK9: A Comprehensive Review of Its Biology, and Its Role as a Potential Target for Anti-Cancer Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Tesfaye Anshabo ◽  
Robert Milne ◽  
Shudong Wang ◽  
Hugo Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are proteins pivotal to a wide range of cellular functions, most importantly cell division and transcription, and their dysregulations have been implicated as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis. Besides the well-established role of cell cycle CDKs in cancer, the involvement of transcriptional CDKs has been confirmed more recently. Most cancers overtly employ CDKs that serve as key regulators of transcription (e.g., CDK9) for a continuous production of short-lived gene products that maintain their survival. As such, dysregulation of the CDK9 pathway has been observed in various hematological and solid malignancies, making it a valuable anticancer target. This therapeutic potential has been utilized for the discovery of CDK9 inhibitors, some of which have entered human clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the structure and biology of CDK9, its role in solid and hematological cancers, and an updated review of the available inhibitors currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical settings.

scholarly journals AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3021-3027
Author(s):  
Deepika Tewari ◽  
Vimal Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

AYUSH healthcare providers are contributing a good spectrum of health care system to India and rendering relief to the health seekers of the rural as well urban area. India has very long time tradition of the use of this system. Ayurvedic system of healthcare is a big fraction of AYUSH healthcare that originated as well as developed in India. Hyperthyroidism is a chronic, hormonal disorder that may affect almost all tissues and organs. Hyperthyroidism has been managed optimally with modern drugs since long but it may produce various untoward effects on long usage. The aim of this review is to study the literature regarding herbal drugs that have been commonly used in Hyperthyroidism or similar symptoms. The modern as well as Ayurvedic literature was reviewed to explore herbal drugs pertaining to pharmacological effects and therapeutic benefits for hyperthyroidism. The present article is an effort to highlight the role of a plants particularly used in hyperactive thyroid gland, which have multifaceted pharmacological actions and therapeutic potential. This review may also be used for designing various clinical studies to serve the usefulness of plants in similar hormonal disorders.

scholarly journals A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON YASHTIMADHU (GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA) – A REVIEW ARTICLE

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (6) ◽  
pp. 3130-3134
Author(s):  
Rekha Karveti ◽  
Shiromani Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Antiviral Medications

Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), a powerful medicinal plant listed in Ayurveda, heals a wide range of ailments, from simple coughs to more serious illnesses including hepatitis and cancer. Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetine acid, glycyrrheic acid, asparagine, liquirtin, glabrine, A & B, and flavonoids have all been identified as significant phy- toconstituents. Anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, antispasmodic, spasmodic, antibiotic, and antiviral medications are all available through the organisation. The important pharmacological actions are sum- marised in this article, with a focus on the role of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in pain relief. This might aid with future medical outcomes identification and development. Keywords: Yashtimadhu, glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhiza glabra etc.

scholarly journals Role of adaptor protein p66Shc in renal pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. F143-F153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Wright ◽  
Alexander Staruschenko ◽  
Andrey Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Kidney Physiology ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Questions

p66Shc is one of the three adaptor proteins encoded by the Shc1 gene, which are expressed in many organs, including the kidney. Recent studies shed new light on several key questions concerning the signaling mechanisms mediated by p66Shc. The central goal of this review article is to summarize recent findings on p66Shc and the role it plays in kidney physiology and pathology. This article provides a review of the various mechanisms whereby p66Shc has been shown to function within the kidney through a wide range of actions. The mitochondrial and cytoplasmic signaling of p66Shc, as it relates to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and renal pathologies, is further discussed.

scholarly journals Rethinking the bioavailability and cellular transport properties of S-adenosylmethionine

Cell Stress ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yudong Sun ◽  
Jason W. Locasale
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cellular Permeability

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a versatile metabolite that participates in a wide range of reactions such as methylation and transsulfuration. These capabilities allow SAM to influence cellular processes such as gene expression and redox balancing. The importance of SAM is highlighted by its widespread usage as an over-the-counter nutrient supplement and as an experimental reagent in molecular biology. The bioavailability and cellular transport properties of SAM, however, are often overlooked under these contexts, putting limits on SAM’s therapeutic potential and complicating the interpretation of experimental results. In this article, we examined the chemical stability and cellular permeability of SAM, proposed a schematic for indirect SAM transport across the mammalian plasma membrane, and lastly discussed the implications arising from such transport schematic.

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