scholarly journals Tomato and Olive Bioactive Compounds: A Natural Shield against the Cellular Effects Induced by β-Hexachlorocyclohexane-Activated Signaling Pathways

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7135
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Rubini ◽  
Marco Minacori ◽  
Giuliano Paglia ◽  
Alberto Macone ◽  
Silvia Chichiarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Wide Range

The β-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a globally widespread pollutant that embodies all the physicochemical characteristics of organochlorine pesticides, constituting an environmental risk factor for a wide range of noncommunicable diseases. Previous in vitro studies from our group disclosed the carcinogenic potential of β-HCH, which contributes to neoplastic transformation by means of multifaceted intracellular mechanisms. Considering the positive evidence regarding the protective role of natural bioactive compounds against pollution-induced toxicity, micronutrients from olive and tomato endowed with the capability of modulating β-HCH cellular targets were tested. For this purpose, the solution obtained from a patented food supplement (No. EP2851080A1), referred to as Tomato and Olive Bioactive Compounds (TOBC), was administered to the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells LNCaP and different biochemical and cellular assays were performed to evaluate its efficiency. TOBC shows a dose-dependent significant chemoprotection by contrasting β-HCH-induced intracellular responses such as STAT3 and AhR activation, disruption of AR signaling, antiapoptotic and proliferative activity, and increase in ROS production and DNA damage. These experimental outcomes identified TOBC as a suitable functional food to be included in a diet regimen aimed at defending cells from β-HCH negative effects, recommending the development of tailored enriched formulations for exposed individuals.

scholarly journals Inositol phosphates: health implications, methods of analysis, and occurrence in plant foods

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quynh H. Duong ◽  
Karen G. Lapsley ◽  
Ronald B. Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
The Relationship

Inositol phosphates (InsPs), especially myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), are important binders of phosphorus and minerals in plant seeds. However, they have long been considered as anti-nutritional components of plant foods due to their possible negative effects on the absorption of minerals and proteins in mammals. On the other hand, recent findings have found InsPs to be ubiquitous in eukaryote cells and actively participating in multiple cell functions. In vivo and in vitro studies have also documented the preventive potential of these compounds against the development of a wide range of diseases. In light of these findings, interest in the relationship between these compounds and human health has been renewed. It is suggested that the interactions of InsPs with other nutrients in the gut are complex, that the absorption of dietary InsPs might be implied but is not certain, and that the disease fighting capabilities of InsPs hold both promises and limitations. At the same time, the analysis of these compounds in foods and biological samples still faces many challenges, calling for more advanced modification and developments in the future.

scholarly journals Enhanced Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Involucre Based on Extraction Optimization: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusu ◽  
Fizeșan ◽  
Pop ◽  
Gheldiu ◽  
Mocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Corylus Avellana L

Tree nut by-products could contain a wide range of phytochemicals, natural antioxidants, which might be used as a natural source for dietary supplements. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phenolic and sterolic composition, as well as the antioxidant and other biological activities, of hazelnut involucre (HI) extracts. Experimental designs were developed in order to select the optimum extraction conditions (solvent, temperature, time) using turbo-extraction by Ultra-Turrax for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS and they revealed important amounts of individual polyphenols and phytosterols, molecules with antioxidant potential. The richest polyphenolic HI extract with the highest antioxidant activity by TEAC assay was further evaluated by other in vitro antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) and enzyme inhibitory assays. Additionally, the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of this extract on two cancerous cell lines and on normal cells were tested. This is the first study to analyze the composition of both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in HI extracts. Our findings reveal that this plant by-product presents strong biological activities, justifying further research, and it could be considered an inexpensive source of natural antioxidants for food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic industry.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on Research Models and Tools to Study Virus–Host Interactions at the Placenta

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Kyung Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Oh ◽  
Hosun Park ◽  
Ok Sarah Shin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission ◽  
Immunological Barrier

The placenta is a unique mixed organ, composed of both maternal and fetal tissues, that is formed only during pregnancy and serves as the key physiological and immunological barrier preventing maternal–fetal transmission of pathogens. Several viruses can circumvent this physical barrier and enter the fetal compartment, resulting in miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects, including microcephaly. The mechanisms underlying viral strategies to evade the protective role of placenta are poorly understood. Here, we reviewed the role of trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells in the placenta and have highlighted characteristics of vertical and perinatal infections caused by a wide range of viruses. Moreover, we explored current progress and future opportunities in cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of congenital viral infections, as well as novel research models and tools to study the placenta.

scholarly journals Non-viral delivery of therapeutic microRNAs to glioma cells using chitosan nanocomplexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv16-iv16
Author(s):  
Marjorie Boissinot ◽  
Sarra Limam ◽  
Maria Collado-González ◽  
Yadira Gonzalez-Espinosa ◽  
Heiko Wurdak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Mature Microrna ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reverse Transfection

Abstract One of the biggest challenges when treating brain tumours is achieving efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and more specifically to the cancer cells. MicroRNA-1300 was identified in our group as a very promising therapeutic microRNA given its cytotoxic effect when introduced in both established as well as cancer-stem-like patient-derived glioblastoma cultures, while not affecting differentiated glioblastoma cells. We are now collaborating to assess the potential efficiency of the natural biopolymer chitosan to form nanocomplexes containing the mature form of microRNA-1300 for delivery. Chitosan has been established as a highly attractive biocompatible polymer to deliver both in vitro and in vivo therapeutic nucleotides intracellularly. In previous studies, we have shown chitosan’s efficacy to form spherical nanocomplexes with microRNA and apply them to the downregulation of JAMA-A mRNA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Chitosan can also be chemically conjugated to introduce affinity towards a wide range of cellular targets (e.g. with aptamers). Methods We have optimised of the composition and characterised the biophysical properties of chitosan-microRNA nanocomplexes of varying (+/-) charge ratios using both a control nontargeting microRNA coupled to a fluorochrome (CS-miRdy547, efficiency of cell entry) and mature microRNA-1300 (CS-mi1300, efficient release and biological effect). We have tested the nanocomplexes in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroid cultures on established U251 as well as two patient-derived cultures. Reverse transfection was used as positive control. Results The control nanoparticles of CS-miRdy547 are taken up by the patient-derived cultures in 2D and 3D. Analysis is ongoing using the CS-miR-1300 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Characterization of Andean Blueberry in Bioactive Compounds, Evaluation of Biological Properties and in vitro Bioaccessibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Baenas ◽  
Jenny Ruales ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Daniel Alejandro Barrio ◽  
Carla M. Stinco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zebrafish Embryogenesis

Andean blueberries are wild berries grown and consumed in Ecuador which contain high values of bioactive compounds, mainly anthocyanins, with powerful antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and contents of (poly)phenols and carotenoids in Andean blueberry by HPLC-DAD-MSn and determine a wide range of its biological activities. The antioxidant capacity of this fruit was evaluated in vitro by three different methods and in vivo using the zebrafish animal model, also the toxicity effect was determined by the zebrafish embryogenesis test. Besides, the antimicrobial activity and the capacity of Andean blueberry to produce hemagglutination in blood cells were evaluated. Finally, the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols and related antioxidant capacity were determined in the different phases of an in vitro digestion. The global results indicated no toxicity of Andean blueberry, weakly bacteriostatic activity, and high contents of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, which were partially bioaccesible in vitro (~ 50 % at the final intestinal step), contributing to the knowledge of its health benefits for consumers and its potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as functional ingredient.

scholarly journals The UV-inducible RNA-binding Protein A18 (A18 hnRNP) Plays a Protective Role in the Genotoxic Stress Response

2001 ◽  
Vol 276 (50) ◽  
pp. 47277-47284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonglin Yang ◽  
France Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
And Function

We have previously shown that specific RNA-binding proteins (RBP) are activated by genotoxic stress. The role and function of these stress-activated RBP are, however, poorly understood. The data presented here indicate that the RBP A18 heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) is induced and translocated from the nuclei to the cytoplasm after exposure to UV radiation. Using a newin vitrosystem we identified potential cellular targets for A18 hnRNP. Forty-six mRNA transcripts were identified, most of which are stress- or UV-responsive genes. Two important stress-responsive transcripts, the replication protein A (RPA2) and thioredoxin, were studied in more detail. Northwestern analyses indicate that A18 hnRNP binds specifically to the 3′-untranslated region of RPA2 transcript independently of its poly(A) tail, whereas the poly(A) tail of thioredoxin mRNA reinforces binding. Overexpression of A18 hnRNP increases the mRNAs stability and consequently enhances translation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, cell lines expressing reduced levels of A18 hnRNP are more sensitive to UV radiation. These data suggest that A18 hnRNP plays a protective role against genotoxic stresses by translocating to the cytosol and stabilizing specific transcripts involved in cell survival.

Volatile Compounds Determined by SPME-GC, Bioactive Compounds, In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Physicochemical Characteristics of Four Native Fruits from South America

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva ◽  
Poliana Cristina Spricigo ◽  
Eduardo Purgatto ◽  
Severino Matias de Alencar ◽  
Angelo Pedro Jacomino
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics

Darkening of Plant Tissues during in vitro Cultivation and Methods for its Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
B.R. Kuluev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Oxidative Transformations ◽  
Tissue Browning

One of the most common problems in the plant in vitro propagation is the tissue browning and subsequent necrosis, resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites produced in response to injury and released into the nutrient medium. This process is one of the main reasons for the decrease in the efficiency of callus formation, somatic embryogenesis, regeneration and genetic transformation of plants in vitro. Moreover, oxidative browning often leads to culture death. Therefore, the current problems in genetic and cellular engineering of a wide range of plant species can be solved only by preventing or reducing the negative effects of browning of in vitro cultures caused by the oxidative transformations of phenolic compounds into quinones toxic to cells. This review is devoted to the description of the main existing methods to prevent these adverse transformations. Various chemicals with antioxidant and adsorbing properties are used in plant biotechnology for this purpose, but there are no general approaches to solve the problem. Although the choice of the method to minimize the negative effect of phenolic compound oxidation depends, firs of all, on the species and variety of the plant, some agents, such as ascorbic acid, activated carbon, silver nitrate, can be considered as universal and quite effective in preventing oxidative darkening of explants in vitro. phenolic compounds, oxidative browning, polyphenol oxidase, tissue browning, in vitro, microclonal plant propagation The work was funded on the theme АААА-А17-117102740098-8.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TAMARINDUS INDICA STEM BARK EXTRACT AGAINST SELECTED MICROBES

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
JAMES ABOKO ◽  
MARGARET ANABIA ◽  
CHARLES ACHEAMPONG
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mic Value

Objectives: The present study determines the bioactive constituents in the stem bark of Tamarindus indica and also assesses its biological properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Methods: The clinical isolates were collected from wounds of patients and cultivated in a nutrient broth. The extract of stem bark of T. indica was added to the bacteria in Muller Hinton ager to test its biological activity. Results: Crude extracts of T. indica showed potency against S. aureus with the highest zone of inhibition of 19.00 ± 0.60 mm at 200 mg/ml concentration of the extract. The extract showed potency against P. aeruginosa at varying concentrations with a zone of inhibition between 13.5 ± 0.20 mm and 6.25 ± 0.45 mm. However, the extracts of T. indica recorded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 mg/ml and an minimum bactericidal concentration value of 25 mg/ml against P. aeruginosa and also recorded a MIC value of 3.13 mg/ml against S. aureus. The preliminary analysis of bioactive compounds of the crude extract of T. indica showed that it has a wide range of phytochemical constituents including saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and anthraquinones. Conclusion: The results suggested that the extract of stem bark of T. indica has the potential of being the best alternative antimicrobial agent use to cure infectious diseases caused by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Role of Quercetin in chemoprevention against wide range of carcinogens and mutagens

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Savithiri Shivakumar ◽  
Yasodha Lakshmi Tadakaluru ◽  
Raja Ratna Reddy Yakkanti ◽  
Sannidhi Ranga Suresh ◽  
Pasula Chandra Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cyp1a Activity

Quercetin is a ubiquitous plant flavoniod with significant pharmacological and clinical activity. In this study we determined to demonstrate the protective role of quercetin against range of mutagens and carcinogens in a combination of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies via different mechanisms. Quercetin demonstrated significant protective role against sodium azide, benzo(a)pyrene, cyclophosphamide monohydrate, methyl methane sulphonate and etoposide compared to other mutagens. Quercetin is effective in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> test conditions and also in the presence as well as in the absence of metabolic activation system (Rat liver S9).  Auto oxidation, antioxidant properties, inhibition of pro-mutagens metabolism by CYP1A activity and multiple antimutagenic and adaptive response, mechanisms of quercetin may account for its protective role in cancer prevention. In conclusion, the results clearly indicate that quercetin plays a significant role against mutagens that act by direct DNA binding (form DNA adducts), pro-mutagens and alkylating agents with free radical generation; which could be the rationale for its potent anticancer activity against particular cancer types.

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