Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Composites Prepared from Pistachio Shell Particles Treated Chemically and Polypropylene

The purpose of the present work was to prepare polypropylene (PP) matrix composited filled with chemically treated pistachio shell particles (PTx), and evaluate their effect on the composites’ thermal properties. PP-PTx composites were formulated in different PTx content (from 2 to 10 phr) in a mixing chamber, using the melt-mixing process. The PTx were chemically treated using a NaOH solution and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the treatment of pistachio shell particles resulted in the remotion of lignin and hemicellulose. The thermal stability was evaluated by means of TGA, where the presence of PTx in composites showed a positive effect compared with PP pristine. Thermal properties such as crystallization temperature (Tc), crystallization enthalpy (∆Hc), melting temperature (Tm) and crystallinity were determinate by means differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); these results suggest that the PTx had a nucleation effect on the PP matrix, increasing their crystallinity. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that stiffness of the composites increase compared with that PP pristine, as well as the storage modulus, and the best results were found at a PTx concentration of 4 phr. At higher concentrations, the positive effect decreased; however, they were better than the reference PP.

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Preparation and Characterization of Talc Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene Blends

Journal of Polymers ◽

10.1155/2014/289283 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽

Vesna Rek ◽

Ivana Ćosić

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Polypropylene Blends ◽

Pp Blends ◽

The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Better Than

The effect of the addition of talc on the morphology and thermal properties of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The blends of TPU and PP are incompatible because of large differences in polarities between the nonpolar crystalline PP and polar TPU and high interfacial tensions. The interaction between TPU and PP can be improved by using talc as reinforcing filler. The morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the neat polymers and unfilled and talc filled TPU/PP blends were studied by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of talc in TPU/PP blends improved miscibility in all investigated TPU/T/PP blends. The DSC results for talc filled TPU/PP blends show that the degree of crystallinity increased, which is due to the nucleating effect induced by talc particles. The reason for the increased storage modulus of blends with the incorporation of talc is due to the improved interface between polymers and filler. According to TGA results, the addition of talc enhanced thermal stability. The homogeneity of the talc filled TPU/PP blends is better than unfilled TPU/PP blends.

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Effect of Sr2TiMnO6 fillers on mechanical, dielectric and thermal behaviour of PMMA polymer

Journal of Advanced Dielectrics ◽

10.1142/s2010135x15500186 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 1550018 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. Thomas ◽

B. S. Dakshayini ◽

H. S. Kushwaha ◽

Rahul Vaish

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Transition Formula ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Pmma Polymer

Composites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and [Formula: see text] (STMO) were fabricated via melt mixing followed by hot pressing technique. These were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo mechanical analysis (TMA) and impedance analyser for their structural, thermal and dielectric properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was measured between 40°C and 100°C for pure PMMA is 115.2 ppm/°C, which was decreased to 78.58 ppm/°C when the STMO content was increased to 50 wt.% in PMMA. There was no difference in the glass transition ([Formula: see text]) temperature of the PMMA polymer and their composites. However, the FTIR analysis indicated possible interaction between the PMMA and STMO. The density and the hardness were increased as the STMO content increased in the PMMA matrix. Permittivity was found to be as high as 30.9 at 100 Hz for the PMMA+STMO-50 wt.% composites, indicating the possibility of using these materials for capacitor applications. The thermal stability of polymer was enhanced by incorporation of STMO fillers.

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Examining the Influence of Re–Used Nanofiller—Pyrolyzed Montmorillonite, on the Thermal Properties of Polypropylene–Based Engineering Nanocomposites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12162636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 2636

Author(s):

Tomasz M. Majka ◽

Oskar Bartyzel ◽

Konstantinos N. Raftopoulos ◽

Joanna Pagacz ◽

Krzysztof Pielichowski

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Control Sample ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Stabilization Effect ◽

Polypropylene Melt ◽

Better Than

Pyrolysis of the polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/OMMT) nanocomposites allows for recovery of the filler that can be then re–used to produce PP/pyrolyzed MMT (PMMT) nanostructured composites. In this work, we discuss the thermal properties of PP/PMMT composites investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It has been found that effect of PMMT (5 wt. % and 10 wt. %) on matrix thermal stability occurs at temperatures above 300 °C. Addition of 5 wt. % and 10 wt. % of PMMT into polypropylene system gave good stabilization effect, as confirmed by the overall stabilization effect (OSE) values, which increased by 4% and 7%, respectively, compared to the control sample (PP). Interestingly, the presence of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % of pyrolyzed clay stabilizes the system better than the same concentrations of organoclay added into polypropylene melt. DSC data revealed that pyrolyzed clay has still the same tendency as organoclay to enhance formation of the α and β crystalline PP phases only. The pyrolyzed MMT causes an improvement of the modulus in the glassy as well as rubbery regions, as confirmed by DMA results.

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Influence of two novel compatibilizers on the properties of LDPE/organoclay nanocomposites

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2013-0144 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 75-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haydar U. Zaman ◽

Dalour Hossen Beg

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Nucleation Effect ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Linear Viscoelastic ◽

Silicate Clay

Abstract In the present investigation, low density polyethylene (LDPE)/organoclay nanocomposites with various clay contents (1–7 wt%) were prepared via a melt mixing technique, using two different compatibilizers with various contents; low molecular weight trimethoxysilyl-modified polybutadiene (Organosilane) and low molecular weight oxidized polyethylene (OxPE). The effects of incorporation of compatibilizers and clay contents on the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The dispersibility of silicate clay in the nanocomposites was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that organosilane yielded better clay dispersion and a more exfoliated structure compared with the OxPE. Rheological behavior of the samples was examined by a dynamic oscillatory rheometer in the linear viscoelastic region. The organosilane compatibilized system conferred higher tensile strength, yield strength and tensile modulus than those of an uncompatibilized system, and even higher than those of the OxPE compatibilized case. The crystallization behaviors of uncompatibilized and compatibilized nanocomposites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC results indicated that the addition of compatibilizers increased the crystallization temperature (Tc) as a result of heterogeneous nucleation effect of clay on LDPE.

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Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(butylene succinate) Nanocomposites

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2008.18231 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1679-1689 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mamookho E. Makhatha ◽

Suprakas Sinha Ray ◽

Joseph Hato ◽

Adriaan S. Luyt

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Melting Behavior ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Thermomechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Stability Of

This article describes the thermal and thermomechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its nanocomposites. PBS nanocomposites with three different weight ratios of organically modified synthetic fluorine mica (OMSFM) have been prepared by melt-mixing in a batch mixer at 140 °C. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations that reveal the homogeneous dispersion of the intercalated silicate layers into the PBS matrix. The thermal properties of pure PBS and the nanocomposite samples were studied by both conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses, which show multiple melting behavior of the PBS matrix. The investigation of the thermomechanical properties was performed by dynamic mechanical analysis. Results reveal significant improvement in the storage modulus of neat PBS upon addition of OMSFM. The tensile modulus of neat PBS is also increased substantially with the addition of OMSFM, however, the strength at yield and elongation at break of neat PBS systematically decreases with the loading of OMSFM. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites compared to that of the pure polymer sample was examined under both pyrolytic and thermooxidative environments. It is shown that the thermal stability of PBS is increased moderately in the presence of 3 wt% of OMSFM, but there is no significant effect on further silicate loading in the oxidative environment. In the nitrogen environment, however, the thermal stability systematically decreases with increasing clay loading.

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HIGH-IMPACT PP NANOCOMPOSITES: INFLUENCE OF CLAY CONTENT ON MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

International Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1142/s0219581x13500397 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (06) ◽

pp. 1350039

Author(s):

L. G. FURLAN ◽

RICARDO V. B. OLIVEIRA ◽

ANDRÉIA C. E. MELLO ◽

SUSANA A. LIBERMAN ◽

MAURO A. S. OVIEDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Clay Content ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

High Impact ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Izod Impact

The preparation of high-impact polypropylene nanocomposites with different organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT) contents by means of meltprocessing was investigated. The nanocomposite properties were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flexural modulus, izod impact strength, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was noticed that the PP/O-MMT nanocomposites properties were affected by clay content. Exceptional improvements in impact strength were obtained (maximum of 185%) by the use of low O-MMT content. The results showed that higher enhancement on mechanical/thermal properties was obtained by 3 wt.% of O-MMT instead of higher quantities.

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Thermal properties of a series of tetrafunctional fluorene-based oxazines/P-a blends

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008316671791 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1139-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zi Sang ◽

Tiantian Feng ◽

Wenbin Liu ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Mehdi Derradji

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Primary Amines ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

High Glass Transition Temperature ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Good Thermal Stability

A new series of aniline and aniline-mixed tetrafunctional fluorene-based oxazine monomers were synthesized using 2,7-hydroxy-9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, paraformaldehyde, and primary amines (including aniline or aniline mixed with n-butylamine or n-octylamine composition). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the monomers. The copolymers were obtained by adding the monomers into a typical monofunctional polybenzoxazine (phenol-aniline-based benzoxazine). Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to study the thermal properties of the copolymers. The copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperature values (164–201°C). A good thermal stability was also obtained with a 5% weight loss temperature over 355°C and high char yields at 800°C (42–50%).

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Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.721656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Salminen ◽

Erno Karjalainen ◽

Vladimir Aseyev ◽

Heikki Tenhu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Ion Pairs ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Shape Stability ◽

Chemical Crosslinks ◽

Unique Approach

This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.

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Modification of traditional benzoxazine by blending with polyfunctional benzoxazines containing aromatic group and fluorene group

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008320974089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095400832097408

Author(s):

Ting Wang ◽

Zhi-yi Guo ◽

Jun-yi Wang ◽

Abdul Qadeer Dayo ◽

Wen-bin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Cross Section ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Alkyl Chain Length ◽

Curing Process ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Crosslinking Degree ◽

Good Catalytic Activity ◽

The Cross

A series of polyfunctional benzoxazine monomers containing aromatic and fluorene group (AMFB) were used as modified agents to improve the performance of typical bifunctional bisphenol-A-aniline-based (BA-a) benzoxazine resins. The polymerization behaviors of BA-a/AMFB blends were investigated by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the thermomechanical and thermal properties of BA-a/AMFB copolymers [poly(BA-a/AMFB)]. Moreover, the cross-section morphologies of poly(BA-a/AMFB) were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that BA-a monomer has good catalytic activity for AMFB monomers during the curing process. Compared with BA-a polymer [poly(BA-a)], due to the introduction of heat-resistant fluorene ring and the increase of the crosslinking degree of copolymers, the copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature and better thermal properties. For poly(BA-a/AMFB), the T 5, T 10, and Y c were higher than those of poly(BA-a). With the increase of the alkyl chain length of AMFB monomers, the cross-section creases gradually changed from linear to dendritic, and the number of creases increased significantly, which indicated that the toughness of the copolymers was significantly improved.

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High thermally stable thermosetting polyimides derived from a carborane-containing tetramine

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008318779429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 548-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuane Wu ◽

Chen Feng ◽

Jiping Yang ◽

Gong Chen

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

The Novel ◽

High Glass Transition Temperature ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Imidization ◽

Excellent Thermal Property ◽

Thermosetting Polyimides

In this study, we report the preparation of thermosetting polyimides (PIs) based on carborane-containing tetramine and their characterizations. The novel tetramine 1,2-bis(4-(3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phenyl ester))carborane (CBNH) was synthesized and characterized firstly. Then, it was used in the preparation of two kinds of branched imide oligomers via the method of thermal imidization. The cure behavior of the obtained phenylethynyl-terminated oligomers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of carborane substituent on the thermal properties of PIs was studied by comparing with a similar structure without the carborane group. The thermal properties of PIs and carbon fiber/PI composites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. Because of the introduction of high steric hindrance of carborane structure, the resulting thermosets and carbon fiber/PI composites had excellent thermal property with a high char yield at 800°C (>66.5%) and a high glass transition temperature (up to 500°C), respectively.

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