scholarly journals Advances in Laser Ablation Synthesized Silicon-Based Nanomaterials for the Prevention of Bacterial Infection

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Marina Martínez-Carmona ◽  
María Vallet-Regí
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Silicon Based

Nanomaterials have unique properties and characteristics derived from their shape and small size that are not present in bulk materials. If size and shape are decisive, the synthesis method used, which determines the above parameters, is equally important. Among the different nanomaterial’s synthesis methods, we can find chemical methods (microemulsion, sol-gel, hydrothermal treatments, etc.), physical methods (evaporation-condensation, laser treatment, etc.) and biosynthesis. Among all of them, the use of laser ablation that allows obtaining non-toxic nanomaterials (absence of foreign compounds) with a controlled 3D size, has emerged in recent years as a simple and versatile alternative for the synthesis of a wide variety of nanomaterials with numerous applications. This manuscript reviews the latest advances in the use of laser ablation for the synthesis of silicon-based nanomaterials, highlighting its usefulness in the prevention of bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Sol-Gel Synthesis of the Double Perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 by Microwave Technique

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Jesús Valdés ◽  
Daniel Reséndiz ◽  
Ángeles Cuán ◽  
Rufino Nava ◽  
Bertha Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Double Perovskite ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

The effect of microwave radiation on the hydrothermal synthesis of the double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 has been studied based on a comparison of the particle size and structural characteristics of products from both methods. A temperature, pressure, and pH condition screening was performed, and the most representative results of these are herein presented and discussed. Radiation of microwaves in the hydrothermal synthesis method led to a decrease in crystallite size, which is an effect from the reaction temperature. The particle size ranged from 378 to 318 nm when pH was 4.5 and pressure was kept under 40 bars. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results coupled with the size-strain plot method, the product obtained by both synthesis methods (with and without microwave radiation) have similar crystal purity. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques showed that the morphology and the distribution of metal ions are uniform. The Curie temperature obtained by thermogravimetric analysis indicates that, in the presence of microwaves, the value was higher with respect to traditional synthesis from 335 K to 342.5 K. Consequently, microwave radiation enhances the diffusion and nucleation process of ionic precursors during the synthesis, which promotes a uniform heating in the reaction mixture leading to a reduction in the particle size, but keeping good crystallinity of the double perovskite. Precursor phases and the final purity of the Sr2FeMoO6 powder can be controlled via hydrothermal microwave heating on the first stages of the Sol-Gel method.

scholarly journals Review on the Synthesis Methods of Nano-Tungsten Oxide Dihydrate Colloid

2021 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Khizar Mushtaq ◽  
Pui May Chou ◽  
Chin Wei Lai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Transition Element ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Future Work

Tungsten being a transition element, forms oxide compounds of various oxidation states that enables it to form nanocolloids of tungsten oxide dihydrate. Multiple methods have been used in recent years to synthesize nano tungsten oxide dihydrate, including sol-gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, hydrothermal synthesis and anodization. However, a universally accepted synthesis method for this material is not offered. The most appropriate method and its corresponding processing parameters for the synthesis of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate colloids were presented in the present study. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of processing parameters, i.e. applied voltage, temperature and anodizing duration on the particle size of nanocolloids. It is found that anodization is the easiest, efficient, and cost-effective method to synthesize the colloidal solution of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate. Conducting the synthesis at room temperature at a voltage of 50 V for 60 minutes yields the product with particle size of 40 – 60 nm, which can be used in wide array of applications. This paper also highlights the research gaps for future work and gives recommendations to extend this study particularly for the industrial application of tungsten oxide.

scholarly journals Synthesis Methods of Obtaining Materials for Hydrogen Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5758
Author(s):  
Izabela Constantinoiu ◽  
Cristian Viespe
Keyword(s):  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Sensitive Area ◽  
Hydrogen Sensors ◽  
Hydrogen Detection ◽  
Co Precipitation

The development of hydrogen sensors has acquired a great interest from researchers for safety in fields such as chemical industry, metallurgy, pharmaceutics or power generation, as well as due to hydrogen’s introduction as fuel in vehicles. Several types of sensors have been developed for hydrogen detection, including resistive, surface acoustic wave, optical or conductometric sensors. The properties of the material of the sensitive area of the sensor are of great importance for establishing its performance. Besides the nature of the material, an important role for its final properties is played by the synthesis method used and the parameters used during the synthesis. The present paper highlights recent results in the field of hydrogen detection, obtained using four of the well-known synthesis and deposition methods: sol-gel, co-precipitation, spin-coating and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Sensors with very good results have been achieved by these methods, which gives an encouraging perspective for their use in obtaining commercial hydrogen sensors and their application in common areas for society.

Metastable Nanocrystalline Carbides in Chemically Synthesized W-Co-C Ternary Alloys

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. McCandlish ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
B. K. Kim ◽  
L. W. wu
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Nanophase Materials

ABSTRACTNanophase materials can be prepared either by physical methods or chemical methods. Physical methods include thermal evaporation, sputtering and melt quenching, whereas chemical methods include glow-discharge decomposition, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel dehydration and gas-solid reaction. Recently, we have used controlled activity gassolid reactions to prepare nanophase WC-Co cermet powders at different WC loadings. In the process we have discovered some new metastable phases in the W-Co-C ternary system at temperatures below 1000 °C.

scholarly journals Structural and Electrical Properties of Barium Strontium Cobaltite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Wet Chemical Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Tanveer Akhtar ◽  
Omer Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Strontium Nitrate ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Co Precipitation

Barium strontium cobaltite (Ba0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ) nanoparticles were synthesized by using without water and surfactant (WOWS) sol-gel method, co-precipitation method and composite mediated hydrothermal method (CMHM). Co-precipitation synthesis was carried out for 0.4 M precursors solutions of strontium nitrate Sr (NO3)2, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate Co (NO3)2·6H2O and barium nitrate Ba (NO3)2 and with the sodium hydroxide NaOH as precipitating agent, sol-gel synthesis was done using ethylene glycol as precipitating agent and the CMHM synthesis was done using sodium hydroxide and Potassium hydroxide (NaOH-KOH) as reactants and precipitating agents at 180 °C for 65 min. Calcination of the synthesized samples was done at 830 °C for 02 hours. Pellets of calcined powder was sintered at 850 °C for 20 minutes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study was used to find the structural parameters (crystal structure, crystallite size and phase purity). The observed phase transformation of pure barium strontium cobaltite monoclinic to orthorhombic structure was found after heat treatment. Crystallite sizes were calculated by using Scherrer’s formula. Temperature dependent (100 to 600 °C) dc conductivities of the sintered pellets were measured and found to be increased with the successive increase in measuring temperature. Temperature dependent (100 to 600 °C) impedances of all samples synthesized through wet chemical methods at fixed frequency of (10kHz) was also measured and compared. The structural and AC/DC electrical properties were correlated to different synthesis methods. The synthesized samples can be thought as an electrode material for intermediate temperature range solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).

scholarly journals Literature Review: Synthesis Methods of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Aqueous Battery Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Fatih Izzul Haq ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Aldin Nur Zein ◽  
Rachel Gabriella ◽  
Silmi Ridwan Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Aqueous Battery ◽  
Pulsed Wire Discharge ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Nife2o4 Nanoparticles

Today, the application of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is increasing in the field of technology that is in great demand, thereby increasing the demand for industrial production. The use of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles can be applied in various technologies, including aqueous batteries. Therefore, an effective method for industrial production is needed. This paper aims to discuss and compare a more efficient method in the synthesis of NiFe2O4. The research method used is a literature review of 62 papers. There are several NiFe2O4 synthesis methods, namely Coprecipitation, Citrate Precursor Technique, Mechanical Alloying, Hydrothermal, Sonochemistry, Reverse Micelle, Sol-Gel, and Pulsed Wire Discharge. The results show that the effective synthesis method of NiFe2O4 is Hydrothermal. This is because the hydrothermal method is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and has no requirement of high temperatures in the calcination process to produce the final product. The nanoparticle size is around 29.39 nm. This paper is expected to assist in selecting the synthesis method of NiFe2O4.

scholarly journals Effect of SiN x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2039-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal ◽  
Eric Aubry ◽  
Nouari Chaoui ◽  
Didier Robert
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Photocatalytic Efficiency ◽  
Barrier Thickness ◽  
Soft Chemistry ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Sol Gel Process

We investigate the effect of the thickness of the silicon nitride (SiN x ) diffusion barrier on the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films obtained with different processes. We show that the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films produced using soft chemistry (sol–gel) and physical methods (reactive sputtering) are affected differentially by the intercalating SiN x diffusion barrier. Increasing the thickness of the SiN x diffusion barrier induced a gradual decrease of the crystallite size of TiO2 films obtained by the sol–gel process. However, TiO2 obtained using the reactive sputtering method showed no dependence on the thickness of the SiN x barrier diffusion. The SiN x barrier diffusion showed a beneficial effect on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films regardless of the synthesis method used. The proposed mechanism leading to the improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 films obtained by each process was discussed.

Application of hydroxyapatite and its modified forms as adsorbents for water defluoridation: an insight into process synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suja George ◽  
Dhiraj Mehta ◽  
Virendra Kumar Saharan
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Specific Catalytic Activity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Modified Forms

AbstractFluorosis is a major scourge in many countries caused by prolonged consumption of drinking water with high fluoride content found in groundwater resources. Hydroxyapatite (Hap) and its composite forms are excellent biomaterials that recently gained attention as efficient adsorbents, owing to its physical and chemical nature as it can substitute both cationic and anionic complexes present in an aqueous solution in its atomic arrangement. Its biological nature, biocompatibility and biodegradability along with its chemical characteristics such as crystallinity, stability, ion adsorption capability and highly specific catalytic activity make it suitable for a variety of applications especially in water treatment for fluoride removal. This review describes various techniques for synthesis of a wide variety of biogenic, synthetic, composite and modified forms of Hap for application in water defluoridation. Hap derived from natural sources or synthesized using conventional methods, hydrothermal, sol-gel or advanced sonication-cum-precipitation technique varied in terms of its crystallinity, structure, size, etc., which affect the fluoride removal capacity. The advantage and disadvantages of various synthesis methods, process parameters and product characteristics have been compiled, which may help to identify a suitable synthesis method for a desired Hap product for potential application and future perspectives in water treatment.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE SIZES OF PARTICLES OF SUPERCONDUCTING CUPRATE Y3Ba5Cu8OX BY MEANS OF DIFFERENT METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Bolotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Scherrer Formula ◽  
Co Precipitation

The superconducting cuprate Y3Ba5Cu8Ox was obtained with the help of sol-gel technology (sample C), co-precipitation of hydroxocarbonates (sample B) and solid-phase synthesis methods (A). Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy and methods based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction data: the Williamson-Hall construction and the Scherrer formula, features of the microstructure of the synthesized samples are established. The smallest particle size has a sample that has been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The tendency to aggregation and sedimentation for this sample is the smallest. The sample obtained by the co-precipitation method has larger grains and a higher tendency to aggregate. The size of the microparticles and the tendency to aggregate for the sample synthesized by the solid-phase method are greatest. The morphology of particles was studied using three methods: SEM, Scherrer and Williamson-Hall formulas and the following results were found: particle size depends on the synthesis method, but a relatively narrow size distribution within one synthesis method remains, the value of crystal lattice microdeformation for samples increases in a line: C sample– A sample– B sample. Thus, the work was carried out for determining the size, structure and morphology of superconducting phases. It expands knowledge in the field of research of superconducting compounds

Effect of Synthesis Method on the Nanostructures of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and their Band Gap Energies

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Fadilah Chayed ◽  
Nurhanna Badar ◽  
Rusdi Roshidah ◽  
Norashikin Kamarudin ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry and can be synthesized by many different synthesis methods. In this study, MgO was synthesized by using two different methods which were sol-gel and solid-state reaction methods. Both samples were annealed at 800 oC for 24 hours and characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The band gap energies for both samples were determined by using UV-Vis NIR Spectroscopy. The band gap values of the samples are evaluated from the data. It was found that the band gap energies of the MgO using different synthesis route were not the same.

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