scholarly journals Morphological Manipulation of DNA Gel Microbeads with Biomolecular Stimuli

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Shu Okumura ◽  
Benediktus Nixon Hapsianto ◽  
Nicolas Lobato-Dauzier ◽  
Yuto Ohno ◽  
Seiju Benner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Strand Displacement ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Winner Takes All ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Swelling And Shrinking

Hydrogels are essential in many fields ranging from tissue engineering and drug delivery to food sciences or cosmetics. Hydrogels that respond to specific biomolecular stimuli such as DNA, mRNA, miRNA and small molecules are highly desirable from the perspective of medical applications, however interfacing classical hydrogels with nucleic acids is still challenging. Here were demonstrate the generation of microbeads of DNA hydrogels with droplet microfluidic, and their morphological actuation with DNA strands. Using strand displacement and the specificity of DNA base pairing, we selectively dissolved gel beads, and reversibly changed their size on-the-fly with controlled swelling and shrinking. Lastly, we performed a complex computing primitive—A Winner-Takes-All competition between two populations of gel beads. Overall, these results show that strand responsive DNA gels have tantalizing potentials to enhance and expand traditional hydrogels, in particular for applications in sequencing and drug delivery.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Nano-formulations: Concept, Implementation and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (43) ◽  
pp. 5175-5180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kaur Mukker ◽  
Ravi Shankar Prasad Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Modeling ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Modeling Techniques

The properties of nanoparticles can be exploited to overcome challenges in drug delivery. By virtue of its design and size, the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles are different than other small molecules. Modeling and simulation techniques have great potential to be used in nanoformulation development; however, their use in optimization of nanoformulation is very limited. This review highlights the differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) characteristics of nanoparticles, use of modeling and simulation techniques in nanoformulation development and challenges in the implementation of modeling techniques.

scholarly journals Genipin as An Emergent Tool in the Design of Biocatalysts: Mechanism of Reaction and Applications

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Esmeralda García-Parra ◽  
Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez ◽  
Jose J. Virgen-Ortiz ◽  
Ángel Berenguer-Murcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Mechanism Of Reaction ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
The Stability

Genipin is a reagent isolated from the Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract, and whose low toxicity and good crosslinking properties have converted it into a reactive whose popularity is increasing by the day. These properties have made it widely used in many medical applications, mainly in the production of chitosan materials (crosslinked by this reactive), biological scaffolds for tissue engineering, and nanoparticles of chitosan and nanogels of proteins for controlled drug delivery, the genipin crosslinking being a key point to strengthen the stability of these materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of reaction of this reagent and its use in the design of biocatalysts, where genipin plays a double role, as a support activating agent and as inter- or intramolecular crosslinker. Its low toxicity makes this compound an ideal alterative to glutaraldehyde in these processes. Moreover, in some cases the features of the biocatalysts prepared using genipin surpassed those of the biocatalysts prepared using other standard crosslinkers, even disregarding toxicity. In this way, genipin is a very promising reagent in the design of biocatalysts.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Challenges in Design and Development of Nanorobots for Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10385
Author(s):  
Gautham Giri ◽  
Yaser Maddahi ◽  
Kourosh Zareinia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Robotics is a rapidly growing field, and the innovative idea to scale down the size of robots to the nanometer level has paved a new way of treating human health. Nanorobots have become the focus of many researchers aiming to explore their many potential applications in medicine. This paper focuses on manufacturing techniques involved in the fabrication of nanorobots and their associated challenges in terms of design architecture, sensors, actuators, powering, navigation, data transmission, followed by challenges in applications. In addition, an overview of various nanorobotic systems addresses different architectures of a nanorobot. Moreover, multiple medical applications, such as oncology, drug delivery, and surgery, are reviewed and summarized.

scholarly journals Promising Applications of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilin Huang ◽  
Qiang Xie ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yuhao Zhou ◽  
Zuhong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Traditional Treatment

Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities affecting both children and adults worldwide. However, traditional treatment of hearing loss has some limitations, particularly in terms of drug delivery system as well as diagnosis of ear imaging. The blood–labyrinth barrier (BLB), the barrier between the vasculature and fluids of the inner ear, restricts entry of most blood-borne compounds into inner ear tissues. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated to have high biocompatibility, good degradation, and simple synthesis in the process of diagnosis and treatment, which are promising for medical applications in hearing loss. Although previous studies have shown that NPs have promising applications in the field of inner ear diseases, there is still a gap between biological research and clinical application. In this paper, we aim to summarize developments and challenges of NPs in diagnostics and treatment of hearing loss in recent years. This review may be useful to raise otology researchers’ awareness of effect of NPs on hearing diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals G-Quadruplex-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Jéssica Lopes-Nunes ◽  
Paula Oliveira ◽  
Carla Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Gold Nano Particles

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are a class of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) with single-stranded G-rich sequences. Owing to the selectivity of some G4s, they are emerging as targeting agents to overtake side effects of several potential anticancer drugs, and delivery systems of small molecules to malignant cells, through their high affinity or complementarity to specific targets. Moreover, different systems are being used to improve their potential, such as gold nano-particles or liposomes. Thus, the present review provides relevant data about the different studies with G4s as drug delivery systems and the challenges that must be overcome in the future research.

Photo-triggered release of 5-fluorouracil from a MOF drug delivery vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (55) ◽  
pp. 7617-7620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Roth Stefaniak ◽  
Charity C. Epley ◽  
Joshua J. Novak ◽  
Margaret L. McAndrew ◽  
Hannah D. Cornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

A nano metal–organic-framework (nanoMOF) was employed as a first-of-its kind drug delivery vehicle (DDV) for the photo-controlled release of therapeutics with simultaneous breakdown of the carrier into small molecules.

Research Perspectives on Functional Micro and Nano Scale Coatings

2020 ◽  
pp. 1076-1109
Author(s):  
Jaime Andrés Pérez Taborda ◽  
Elvis O. López
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Acoustic Wave Sensor

Research topics related to the production of nanocomposites are the most important directions of development of new semiconductor engineering, ensuring high nanocomposites obtaining useful properties in the scope of biophysical characteristics, biomedical and piezoelectric applications. We present two case studies as Hydroxyapatite are in medical applications and aluminum nitride as acoustic wave sensor. Hydroxyapatite, is the main inorganic structure of the tooth enamel and bone and is a biomaterial that is commonly used in biomedical applications that involve bone substitution, drug delivery and bone regeneration because of its excellent biocompatibility, high bioactivity and good osseoconductivity. Since the past decade. Aluminum nitride (AlN), an electrical insulating ceramic with a wide band gap of 6.3 eV, is a potentially useful dielectric material very important in fields such as optoelectronic and micro electronics.

Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Nanomedicine

2017 ◽  
pp. 2021-2062
Author(s):  
Omid Moradi ◽  
Hamidreza Sadegh ◽  
Ramin Shahryari-Ghoshekandi ◽  
Mehdi Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Cell Penetration ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Technological Field ◽  
History Of

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have become a technological field with great potential since they can be applied in almost every aspect of modern life. One of the sectors where CNTs are expected to play a vital role is the field of medical science. This chapter focuses on the latest developments in applications of CNTs for nanomedicine. A brief history of CNTs and a general introduction to the field are presented. Then, the preparation of CNTs that makes them ideal for use in medical applications is highlighted. Examples of common applications, including cell penetration, drug delivery, and gene delivery and imaging are given. Finally, the toxicity of carbon nanotubes is discussed.

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