scholarly journals Pomegranate Extract Improves Maximal Performance of Trained Cyclists after an Exhausting Endurance Trial: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Torregrosa-García ◽  
Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽  
Antonio Luque-Rubia ◽  
María Abellán-Ruiz ◽  
María Querol-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Submaximal Effort

The efficacy of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract (PE) for improving performance and post-exercise recovery in an active population was equivocal in previous studies. In this study, a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, balanced, cross-over trial with two arms was conducted. Eligibility criteria for participants were as follows: male, amateur cyclist, with a training routine of 2 to 4 sessions per week (at least one hour per session). The cyclists (n = 26) were divided into treatment (PE) and placebo (PLA) groups for a period of 15 days. After physical tests, the groups were exchanged after a 14-day washout period. Exercise tests consisted of endurance bouts (square-wave endurance exercise test followed by an incremental exercise test to exhaustion) and an eccentric exercise drill. The objective was to assess the efficacy of PE in performance outcomes and post-exercise muscular recovery and force restoration after a prolonged submaximal effort. Twenty-six participants were included for statistical analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in total time to exhaustion (TTE)(17.66–170.94 s, p < 0.02) and the time to reach ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)(26.98–82.55 s, p < 0.001), with greater values for the PE compared to the PLA group. No significant results were obtained for force restoration in the isokinetic unilateral low limb test. PE, after a prolonged submaximal effort, may be effective in improving performance outcomes at maximal effort and might help to restore force in the damaged muscles.

scholarly journals P033 Randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of Audio-visual Health Educational materials on CPAP ADherence: The AHEAD trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A32-A32
Author(s):  
C Ellender ◽  
C Samaranayake ◽  
B Duce ◽  
M Boyde ◽  
S Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cpap Adherence ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Video Education

Abstract OSA is a prevalent chronic disease with significant health implications, for which achieving &gt;4 hours/night on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is essential for effective treatment. Educational videos to improve CPAP adherence are of interest as a low-cost intervention, however trials have shown mixed results. This study aimed to compare CPAP usage following standard of care education (SOCE), with the usage following the addition of educational videos, customised to incorporate low health literacy communication, motivational and self-efficacy techniques. Methods Adults with OSA recommended treatment with CPAP, were recruited and randomised in a single blinded method, to watch short educational videos following their in laboratory CPAP study or SOCE. The primary outcome was CPAP usage at 2mths and secondary outcomes were usage at 12mth and proportion of patients with adequate usage &gt;4hrs/night. Results 195 patients met the eligibility criteria and were randomised to video education (n = 96) or to SOCE (n = 99). There was no significant difference in compliance at 2mths (median usage 1.7hrs IQR 0–6.2 SOCE, 4.4hrs IQR 0–6.7 video education p = 0.1), however at 12mths there was increased usage in the video education arm (median 0hrs IQR 0–5.4 standard of care, 3.8hrs IQR 0–6.87 p = 0.05). The proportion with adequate CPAP usage &gt;4hrs/night at 12mths was higher in the video education group (33, 33% versus 48, 50% p = 0.01). Conclusions Long-term adherence to CPAP is enhanced by the addition of educational videos that incorporate low health literacy communication and motivational techniques, compared to SOCE.

Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure plus sea level training

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran A. Rodríguez ◽  
Martin J. Truijens ◽  
Nathan E. Townsend ◽  
James Stray-Gundersen ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of 4 wk of resting exposure to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHE, 3 h/day, 5 days/wk at 4,000–5,500 m) or normoxia combined with training at sea level on performance and maximal oxygen transport in athletes. Twenty-three trained swimmers and runners completed duplicate baseline time trials (100/400-m swims, or 3-km run) and measures for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), ventilation (V̇Emax), and heart rate (HRmax) and the oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold (V̇O2 at VT) during incremental treadmill or swimming flume tests. Subjects were matched for sex, sport, performance, and training status and divided randomly between hypobaric hypoxia (Hypo, n = 11) and normobaric normoxia (Norm, n = 12) groups. All tests were repeated within the first (Post1) and third weeks (Post2) after the intervention. Time-trial performance did not improve in either group. We could not detect a significant difference between groups for a change in V̇O2max, V̇Emax, HRmax, or V̇O2 at VT after the intervention (group × test interaction P = 0.31, 0.24, 0.26, and 0.12, respectively). When runners and swimmers were considered separately, Hypo swimmers appeared to increase V̇O2max (+6.2%, interaction P = 0.07) at Post2 following a precompetition taper and increased V̇O2 at VT (+8.9 and +12.1%, interaction P = 0.007 and 0.006, at Post1 and Post2). We conclude that this “dose” of IHE was not sufficient to improve performance or oxygen transport in this heterogeneous group of athletes. Whether there are potential benefits of this regimen for specific sports or training/tapering strategies may require further study.

A phase III study of Æ-941 with induction chemotherapy (IC) and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCI T99–0046, RTOG 02–70, MDA 99–303)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7527-7527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lu ◽  
J. J. Lee ◽  
R. Komaki ◽  
R. S. Herbst ◽  
W. K. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Stage Iiib ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Type I ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Unresectable Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage Iii Nsclc

7527 Background: Æ-941 is a shark cartilage extract with antiangiogenic properties. We conducted a placebo-controlled trial testing Æ-941, with IC and CRT, in unresectable stage III NSCLC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included performance status (PS) < 2, weight loss < 10%. Subjects received one of two treatment regimens depending on site of enrollment: carboplatin (C) (AUC 6) and paclitaxel (P) (200 mg/m2) × 2 cycles followed by CRT (60 Gy/30 fractions) with weekly C (AUC 2) and P (45 mg/m2) × 6 doses or cisplatin (CDDP) (75 mg/m2, d1) and vinorelbine (V) (30 mg/m2, d1 and 8) × 2 cycles followed by CRT (60 Gy/30 fractions) with CDDP (75 mg/m2, day 1) and V (15 mg/m2, d1 and 8) × 2 cycles. Subjects were randomized to receive Æ-941 (Arm A) or placebo (Arm B), 120 mL orally twice daily, at the start of IC and continuing after CRT as maintenance therapy. Randomization was stratified for stage, gender, and type of chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), with a planned sample size of 756 subjects providing 80% power to detect a 25% difference in OS, assuming a control arm median survival time (MST) of 13 months, type I error 0.05. Results: Between 6/00 and 2/06, 384 subjects were enrolled onto the trial and randomized. In 2/06 the trial was closed to new patient entry due to insufficient accrual. This final analysis is based on 379 randomized and eligible subjects (188 arm A, 191 arm B). Subject characteristics: 60% male, median age 63 years (range 37–84), 56% stage IIIB, 58% C-based chemotherapy, median follow-up 3.7 years. There was no significant difference in OS between arms A and B, with MSTs of 14.4 (95% CI 12.6–17.9) and 15.6 (95% CI 13.8–18.1) months, respectively (log-rank p=0.73). OS by pre-specified stratification factors: stage IIIB vs IIIA (MST 13.9 vs. 17.4 months, p=0.25), C vs. CDDP chemotherapy (MST 14.4 vs. 16.7 months, p=0.13), and male vs. female (MST 15.7 vs. 15.1 months, p=0.74). The study drug was well tolerated. Fewer subjects in arm A experienced grade 3 or higher adverse events (66% vs. 77%, p=0.018). Conclusions: The addition of Æ−941 to IC and CRT does not improve OS in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Hypoxia is not the primary mechanism contributing to exercise-induced proteinuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000662
Author(s):  
Kelsley E Joyce ◽  
John Delamere ◽  
Susie Bradwell ◽  
Stephen David Myers ◽  
Kimberly Ashdown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sensitive Marker

IntroductionProteinuria increases at altitude and with exercise, potentially as a result of hypoxia. Using urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) levels as a sensitive marker of proteinuria, we examined the impact of relative hypoxia due to high altitude and blood pressure-lowering medication on post-exercise proteinuria.MethodsTwenty individuals were pair-matched for sex, age and ACE genotype. They completed maximal exercise tests once at sea level and twice at altitude (5035 m). Losartan (100 mg/day; angiotensin-receptor blocker) and placebo were randomly assigned within each pair 21 days before ascent. The first altitude exercise test was completed within 24–48 hours of arrival (each pair within ~1 hour). Acetazolamide (125 mg two times per day) was administrated immediately after this test for 48 hours until the second altitude exercise test.ResultsWith placebo, post-exercise α1-AGP levels were similar at sea level and altitude. Odds ratio (OR) for increased resting α1-AGP at altitude versus sea level was greater without losartan (2.16 times greater). At altitude, OR for reduced post-exercise α1-AGP (58% lower) was higher with losartan than placebo (2.25 times greater, p=0.059) despite similar pulse oximetry (SpO2) (p=0.95) between groups. Acetazolamide reduced post-exercise proteinuria by approximately threefold (9.3±9.7 vs 3.6±6.0 μg/min; p=0.025) although changes were not correlated (r=−0.10) with significant improvements in SpO2 (69.1%±4.5% vs 75.8%±3.8%; p=0.001).DiscussionProfound systemic hypoxia imposed by altitude does not result in greater post-exercise proteinuria than sea level. Losartan and acetazolamide may attenuate post-exercise proteinuria, however further research is warranted.

Effect of Paddling Cadence on Time to Exhaustion and Kinetics at the Intensity Associated With in Elite White-Water Kayakers

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Michel Leveque ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter ◽  
Olivier Bernard ◽  
Claude Goubault
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
White Water

The influence of paddling cadence on the time to exhaustion (t.lim) and [Formula: see text] kinetics at the intensity associated with [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] was examined in seven highly-trained white water kayakers. All subjects were engaged in national or international competitions. Subjects took part in three constant-load tests at [Formula: see text], each test performed at a different paddling cadence (50, 60 or 70 cycles ∙ min−1). The [Formula: see text] kinetics recorded during these constant-load tests at [Formula: see text] were fitted with a mono-exponential equation. A significant increase in t.lim (P <.05) was observed as the paddling cadence increased from 50 to 70 cycles·min−1. No effect was found either on values of [Formula: see text] post-exercise blood lactate concentration, or on the time at which [Formula: see text] was attained [Formula: see text]. Our results suggest that experienced kayakers may choose a high paddling cadence during physiological assessments at [Formula: see text] Further experiments are needed in order to identify the physiological significance of t.lim at [Formula: see text] Key words: performance, exercise test, pulmonary gas exchange, locomotory pattern, kayaking

The Influence of Exercise Test Protocol on Perceived Exertion at Submaximal Exercise Intensities in Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
David M. Plank ◽  
Molly J. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Sensory Signal ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Graded Exercise

This study examined ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using Borg's 6-20 scale at 50 W, 80 W, and ventilatory threshold (VT) in 10-year-old children (n = 15) during two different graded exercise tests. Power output was increased by 10 W•min−1 in one protocol and by 30 W•3 min−1 in the other. The cardiorespiratory responses at VT and peak exercise were similar between protocols. At 50 W and 80 W the cardiorespiratory responses were generally lower (P < 0.05) in the 10-W trial. However, RPE was 11.5 ± 2.9 and 12.1 ± 3.2 at 50 W and 15.1 ± 2.7 and 15.3 ± 2.8 at 80 W in the 10-W and 30-W trials, respectively (P > 0.05). The RPE at VT was 13.9 ± 2.4 in the 10-W trial and 12.4 ± 2.4 in the 30-W trial (P < 0.05). In that variations in submaximal RPE did not coincide with variations in central mediators of exertion, locals cues of exertion may have provided the dominate sensory signal. Key words: ventilatory threshold, cardiorespiratory measures, exercise test, peak VO2, cycle ergometry, RPE

scholarly journals Dietary antioxidant restriction affects the inflammatory response in athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan A. Plunkett ◽  
Robin Callister ◽  
Trent A. Watson ◽  
Manohar L. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Diet ◽  
Β Carotene

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary antioxidant restriction on plasma concentrations of carotenoids and inflammatory markers at rest and in response to exercise in endurance-trained males. Seventeen males performed two exercise trials 2 weeks apart. Participants followed their habitual antioxidant diet (H-AO) before the first exercise test, then a restricted antioxidant diet (R-AO) for 2 weeks before the second exercise test. Blood was collected pre- and post-exercise. Dietary intakes of fibre, ascorbic acid and β-carotene were lower (P < 0·05) on the R-AO diet, but no other differences were observed. Pre-exercise plasma β-carotene concentrations were lower (H-AO, 195 (sd 92); R-AO, 123 (sd 54) ng/ml; P < 0·05), and TNF-α concentrations were higher (H-AO, 16 (sd 7); R-AO, 613 (sd 325) pg/ml; P < 0·01) on the R-AO diet compared to the H-AO diet. Most plasma carotenoid concentrations decreased with exercise, but this effect was more consistent on the H-AO diet. No differences in plasma IL-6 concentrations were observed pre-exercise, whereas post-exercise plasma IL-6 concentrations (H-AO, 30·3 (sd 16); R-AO, 15·3 (sd 5) pg/ml; P < 0·05) were lower following the R-AO diet. Post-exercise TNF-α concentrations were higher on the R-AO diet. Ratings of perceived effort during submaximal exercise were higher (P < 0·05) on the R-AO diet, but there was no difference in the time to exhaustion between diets. In conclusion, lower dietary intakes of carotenoids alter the plasma concentrations of antioxidants and markers of inflammation at rest and in response to exercise.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Central and Peripheral Changes at Onset of Dosed and Maximal Exercise Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Zacharienė ◽  
Jonas Poderys ◽  
Eugenijus Trinkūnas ◽  
Alfonsas Buliuolis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference

Research background and hypothesis. Since varying types of physical workloads activate different physiological system activity at different degree, during dosed and maximal exercises the total effects can highlight the properties of central and peripheral mechanisms and reveal significant synergies between the central and peripheral cardiovascular processes. Research aim was to determine the peculiarities of central and peripheral indices of cardiovascular system while performing dosed and maximal exercise tests. Research methods. Two groups took part in the study – sportsmen-sprinters (16) and sportsmen – endurance group (11). The participants of the study performed Roufier exercise and 30 s maximal jump test with maximal efforts. The 12-leads ECG was registered continuously and the changes of heart rate (HR), JT interval and ratio JT/RR were analysed. Near-infrared spectroscopy was employed for continuous registration of the changes in oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) and arterial blood flow.Research  results.  The  results  obtained  during  the  study  showed  increasingly  changing  ECG  indices  while performing exercise load in both athlete groups but there was no statistically significant difference between groups while performing maximal exercise, thus oxygen saturation and arterial blood flow was statistically significantly faster and decreased more in sprint athlete group. Discussion  and  conclusion.  Dosed  and  maximal  exercise  test  indicated  the  peculiarities  of  cardiovascular function of athletes, although more differences between individual peculiarities of athletes can be revealed while performing a dosed exercise test and still more differences – while the maximal exercise tests are performed and during the recovery after exercising.Keywords: dosed and maximal exercise test, cardiovascular system, endurance, sprint.

Laser Influence on Dental Sensitivity Compared to Other Light Sources Used During In-office Dental Bleaching: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
BGS Casado ◽  
EP Pellizzer ◽  
JR Souto Maior ◽  
CAA Lemos ◽  
BCE Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Clinical Relevance The use of laser light during bleaching will not reduce the incidence or severity of sensitivity and will not increase the degree of color change compared with nonlaser light sources. SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate whether the use of laser during in-office bleaching promotes a reduction in dental sensitivity after bleaching compared with other light sources. Methods: The present review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and is registered with PROSPERO (CDR42018096591). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published up to August 2018. Only randomized clinical trials among adults that compared the use of laser during in-office whitening and other light sources were considered eligible. Results: After analysis of the texts retrieved during the database search, six articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the present review. For the outcome dental sensitivity, no significant difference was found favoring any type of light either for intensity (mean difference [MD]: −1.60; confidence interval [CI]: −3.42 to 0.22; p=0.09) or incidence (MD: 1.00; CI: 0.755 to 1.33; p=1.00). Regarding change in tooth color, no significant differences were found between the use of the laser and other light sources (MD: −2.22; CI: −6.36 to 1.93; p=0.29). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, laser exerts no influence on tooth sensitivity compared with other light sources when used during in-office bleaching. The included studies demonstrated that laser use during in-office bleaching may have no influence on tooth color change.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

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