scholarly journals Dietary Habits and Risk of Early-Onset Dementia in an Italian Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3682
Author(s):  
Tommaso Filippini ◽  
Giorgia Adani ◽  
Marcella Malavolti ◽  
Caterina Garuti ◽  
Silvia Cilloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Strong Inverse Association ◽  
The Mind

Risk of early-onset dementia (EOD) might be modified by environmental factors and lifestyles, including diet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between dietary habits and EOD risk. We recruited 54 newly-diagnosed EOD patients in Modena (Northern Italy) and 54 caregivers as controls. We investigated dietary habits through a food frequency questionnaire, assessing both food intake and adherence to dietary patterns, namely the Greek-Mediterranean, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. We modeled the relation between dietary factors and risk using the restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Cereal intake showed a U-shaped relation with EOD, with risk increasing above 350 g/day. A high intake (>400 g/day) of dairy products was also associated with excess risk. Although overall fish and seafood consumption showed no association with EOD risk, we found a U-shaped relation with preserved/tinned fish, and an inverse relation with other fish. Similarly, vegetables (especially leafy) showed a strong inverse association above 100 g/day, as did citrus and dry fruits. Overall, sweet consumption was not associated with EOD risk, while dry cake and ice-cream showed a positive relation and chocolate products an inverse one. For beverages, we found no relation with EOD risk apart from a U-shaped relation for coffee consumption. Concerning dietary patterns, EOD risk linearly decreased with the increasing adherence to the MIND pattern. On the other hand, an inverse association for the Greek-Mediterranean and DASH diets emerged only at very high adherence levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the association between dietary factors and EOD risk, and suggests that adherence to the MIND dietary pattern may decrease such risk.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors and Prevention: Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease by Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tanushree Banerjee ◽  
Juan Jesus Carrero ◽  
Charles McCulloch ◽  
Nilka Rios Burrows ◽  
Karen R. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Strong Inverse Association ◽  
End Stage

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The association between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been examined in the general population and fully explored in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We prospectively evaluated this relationship in US representative sample of adults and evaluated consistency by the presence or absence, and severity, of CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) linked with the US Renal Data System, including 14,725 adults aged ≥20 years and with follow-up for ESKD through 2008. Daily FV intake was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between selected categories of FV intake and ESKD using a Fine Gray competing risk model adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria. We evaluated whether risk varied in individuals with severe versus any CKD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 230 participants (1.5%) developed ESKD during follow-up. In the adjusted model, compared to highest intake, those in lowest categories of FV intake had a higher risk of ESKD, for &#x3c;2 times/day (1.45 [1.24–1.68], 2 to &#x3c;3 times/day (1.40 [1.18–1.61]), 3 to &#x3c;4 times/day (1.25 [1.04–1.46]), and 4 to &#x3c;6 times/day (1.14 [0.97–1.31]). There was suggestion of heterogeneity (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.03) with possible stronger inverse association in patients with CKD than those without CKD. After stratification, we obtained similar strong inverse association when we examined ESKD incidence across intake of FVs in participants with CKD stages 1–4 (<i>n</i> = 5,346) and specifically in those with CKD stages 3–4 (<i>n</i> = 1,084). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Low intake of FVs was associated with higher risk of ESKD in US adults with and without CKD, supporting an emerging body of literature on the potential benefits of plant-rich diets for prevention of ESKD.

Association of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns with Migraine Headache Severity and Duration among Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Askarpour ◽  
Ali Sheikhi ◽  
Faezeh Khorsha ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Mansoureh Togha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Headache Severity

Background: Migraine is a recurrent disorder which can cause socio-economic and public health burdens. Many factors, especially dietary factors are suggested to induce migraine headaches. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plant-based dietary patterns and headache severity and duration among migraine patients. Methods: A sample of two hundred and sixty-six women with migraine (18-50 years) took part in the present cross-sectional study. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Three dietary indices were evaluated including an overall plant-based diet (PDI), healthful Plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI). Anthropometric measurements, headache duration, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were assessed for all cases. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression models were used to show the association between headaches and plant-based dietary patterns. Results: An inverse association between higher adherence to hPDI and severity of headaches was found based on VAS (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.74; p=0.003), and severe disability based on MIDAS (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.95; p=0.03). Conversely, uPDI scores were positively associated with severe headaches (OR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.72, 5.23; p<0.001), and disability (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 1.39, 4.51; p=0.001). Moreover, headaches duration showed an inverse significant association with hPDI scores (β=-0.21, 95% CI=-4.69, -1.08, p=0.002). Conclusion: Plant-based diet, particularly healthful plant foods, was inversely associated with lower severity, disability and duration of headaches. In addition, unhealthy plant foods were associated with higher risk of migraine headaches.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Dietary Interventions on Disease Progression and Symptoms of Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: An Umbrella Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603-1615
Author(s):  
Abbey R Tredinnick ◽  
Yasmine C Probst
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Review Articles

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The role of diet in the progression of MS and severity of symptoms remains unclear. Various systematic literature reviews (SRs) have reported the effects of single nutrients on MS progression or the role of dietary factors on specific symptoms of MS. Narrative reviews have examined the effects of various dietary patterns in MS populations. An umbrella review was undertaken to collate the findings from review articles and evaluate the strength of the scientific evidence of dietary interventions for people living with MS. Scientific databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to April 2019. Review articles and meta-analyses were included if they examined the effect of any dietary intervention in adult populations with MS. Outcomes included MS progression indicated by relapses, disability, MRI activity and disease classification, and MS symptoms. Characteristics and findings from both review articles and their included primary studies were extracted and summarized. A total of 19 SRs and 43 narrative reviews were included. Vitamin D and PUFAs were the most commonly studied interventions. Across SR studies, vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on relapses, MRI, or disability progression; however, an inverse association was found between vitamin D status and disability scores through observational studies. Effects of PUFA supplementation on major outcomes of MS progression were inconsistent across review articles. Other interventions less commonly studied included vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplementation and varying dietary patterns. Strong consistent evidence is lacking for dietary interventions in persons with MS. The body of evidence is primarily focused around the isolation of individual nutrients, many of which demonstrate no effect on major outcomes of MS progression. Stronger food-focused studies are required to strengthen the evidence.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and their associations with health behaviours in Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eo Rin Cho ◽  
Aesun Shin ◽  
Sun-Young Lim ◽  
Jeongseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Traditional Pattern

AbstractObjectiveDietary habits, including dietary patterns, have been associated with the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Korean dietary patterns as assessed by using an FFQ and associations of dietary patterns with lifestyle risk factors.DesignDietary patterns were analysed by factor analysis using a sixteen-group FFQ. The associations between dietary patterns and lifestyle risk factors were investigated by logistic regression analysis.SettingThe National Cancer Center in South Korea.SubjectsThe study population included 11 440 participants aged ≥30 years who were recruited between 2002 and 2007.ResultsCompared with the lowest quartile intake of each dietary pattern, current smoking was positively associated with the Western pattern (OR = 1·55 for the highest quartile, 95 % CI 1·27, 1·88; P < 0·001) and the traditional pattern (OR = 1·34, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·62; P = 0·002) in men, but was inversely associated with the healthy pattern in both genders (P < 0·001) and the traditional pattern (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·75; P = 0·001) in women. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with all patterns in both genders, while no association was observed with the healthy pattern in women. Physical activity and dietary supplement use were positively associated with all patterns in both genders, with the exception of physical activity in women, which showed an inverse association with the traditional pattern.ConclusionsDietary patterns are strongly associated with health behaviours. The possible confounding effect of other risk behaviours should be appropriately considered when conducting nutritional epidemiological studies.

Abstract MP08: Coffee Consumption and Incident Kidney Disease: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Hu ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
Morgan E Grams ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
Aric Study

Background: Moderate coffee consumption has been consistently associated with a lower risk of diabetes, a major precursor to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between coffee and CKD has not been fully established. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident CKD after adjustment for major covariates among adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 14,209 participants aged 45-64 years from the ARIC study. Coffee consumption (cups/day) was assessed at visit 1 (1987-89) and visit 3 (1993-95) using food frequency questionnaires. Our primary outcome was incident CKD defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 accompanied by ≥25% eGFR decline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or end-stage renal disease. Results: There were 3,845 cases of incident CKD over a median of 24 years of follow-up. Men, whites, current smokers, and participants without comorbidities were more likely to consume higher amounts of coffee per day. After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and dietary factors, higher categories of coffee consumption were associated with lower risk of incident CKD ( Table ). Compared to participants who never consumed coffee, participants who consumed any amount of coffee had an 11% lower risk of CKD (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82-0.96; p for trend<0.001). In the continuous analysis, for each additional cup of coffee consumed per day, the risk of incident CKD was lower by 3% (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, p<0.001). Results were consistent across the three progressively adjusted models and in a sensitivity analysis using a secondary definition of CKD. Stratification of analyses by smoking status suggested an inverse association among never smokers and former smokers. Conclusions: Coffee consumption was inversely associated with incident CKD after adjusting for covariates. Coffee consumption may not adversely affect kidney disease risk and may instead be protective.

Relationship between Eating Patterns and Body Composition among Young Females in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Elsayed ◽  
Aram Alhammadi ◽  
Alanood Alahmad ◽  
Zahra Babiker ◽  
Abdelhamid Kerkadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Significant Difference

The prevalence of obesity has been increased in Qatar, with the transition from healthy to unhealthy dietary habits. Behavioral factors that are associated with obesity are, long-term imbalanced energy intake, high screen time, skipping breakfast and physical inactivity. Changes in body composition and percent body fat (PBF) increase the risk of non-communicable disease. This study is the first study conducted in Qatar to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and body composition among young females at Qatar University. This cross-sectional study consisted of 766 healthy female students Qatari and non-Qatari aged from 18-26 years randomly selected from different colleges at Qatar University. A validate questionnaire was used in order to collect data about healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements involved body weight, height, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body composition using “Seca285”, “Seca203” and “InbodyBiospace 720”. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor loading. Linear regression was used to estimate confidence intervals and regression coefficient. More than half of the participants had a normal weight (65.1%), whereas 22.8 % and 12.0% were overweight and obese, respectively. Fat mass, BMI and PBF were slightly increased with age, but there was no significant difference. Factor analysis identified two dietary patterns: unhealthy patterns and healthy patterns. The frequent intake of vegetables and fruits was significant among high PBF female students (p=0.045 and p=0.001, respectively). The frequent intake of fast food was higher for overweight female students but there was no significant difference (p=0.289), whereas, the frequent intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher significant rate of normal weight among female students (p = 0.009). No significant relation was found between dietary patterns, BMI and PBF. In conclusion, body composition is not significantly associated with healthy and unhealthy eating patterns among young females.

Dietary Patterns: A New Therapeutic Approach for Depression?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Jesus ◽  
Tânia Silva ◽  
César Cagigal ◽  
Vera Martins ◽  
Carla Silva
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The field of nutritional psychiatry is a fast-growing one. Although initially, it focused on the effects of vitamins and micronutrients in mental health, in the last decade, its focus also extended to the dietary patterns. The possibility of a dietary cost-effective intervention in the most common mental disorder, depression, cannot be overlooked due to its potential large-scale impact. Method: A classic review of the literature was conducted, and studies published between 2010 and 2018 focusing on the impact of dietary patterns in depression and depressive symptoms were included. Results: We found 10 studies that matched our criteria. Most studies showed an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns, rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, nuts and whole grains, and with low intake of processed and sugary foods, and depression and depressive symptoms throughout an array of age groups, although some authors reported statistical significance only in women. While most studies were of cross-sectional design, making it difficult to infer causality, a randomized controlled trial presented similar results. Discussion: he association between dietary patterns and depression is now well-established, although the exact etiological pathways are still unknown. Dietary intervention, with the implementation of healthier dietary patterns, closer to the traditional ones, can play an important role in the prevention and adjunctive therapy of depression and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: More large-scale randomized clinical trials need to be conducted, in order to confirm the association between high-quality dietary patterns and lower risk of depression and depressive symptoms.

Is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Common Link Between Neurodegenerative Disorders and Cancer?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Radhika Khosla ◽  
Avijit Banik ◽  
Sushant Kaushal ◽  
Priya Battu ◽  
Deepti Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Strong Inverse Association

Background: Cancer is a common disease caused by the excessive proliferation of cells, and neurodegenerative diseases are the disorders caused due to the degeneration of neurons. Both can be considered as diseases caused by the dysregulation of cell cycle events. A recent data suggests that there is a strong inverse association between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. There is indirect evidence to postulate Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a potential molecular link in this association. Discussion: The BDNF levels are found to be downregulated in many neurodegenerative disorders and are found to be upregulated in various kinds of cancers. The lower level of BDNF in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease has been found to be related to cognitive and other neuropsychological impairments, whereas, its higher levels are associated with the tumour growth and metastasis and poor survival rate in the cancer patients. Conclusion: In this review, we propose that variance in BDNF levels is critical in determining the course of cellular pathophysiology and the development of cancer or neurodegenerative disorder. We further propose that an alternative therapeutic strategy that can modulate BDNF expression, can rescue or prevent above said pathophysiological course. Larger studies that examine this link through animal studies are imperative to understand the putative biochemical and molecular link to wellness and disease.

scholarly journals Correlations between Coffee Consumption and Metabolic Phenotypes, Plasma Folate, and Vitamin B12: NHANES 2003 to 2006

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Pratibha V. Nerurkar ◽  
Krupa Gandhi ◽  
John J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent not only among the overweight and obese but also normal weight individuals, and the phenotype is referred to as a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUHP). Besides normal weight individuals, overweight/obese individuals are also protected from MetS, and the phenotype is known as a metabolically healthy phenotype (MHP). Epidemiological studies indicate that coffee and micronutrients such as plasma folate or vitamin B12 (vit. B12) are inversely associated with MetS. However, correlations among coffee consumption metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 remain unknown. Our objective was to investigate the correlation between coffee consumption, metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 as well as to understand associations between plasma folate, vit. B12, and metabolic phenotypes. Associations among coffee consumption metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 2201 participants, 18 years or older, from 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). MUHP was classified as having > three metabolic abnormalities. Coffee consumption was not associated with metabolic phenotypes, but negatively correlated with several metabolic variables, including BMI (p < 0.001). Plasma folate was positively associated with MUHP (p < 0.004), while vit. B12 was inversely associated with MUHP (p < 0.035). Our results suggest the potential protective impact of coffee on individual components of MetS and indicate a positive correlation between coffee consumption and MUHP among overweight individuals. Identifying possible dietary factors may provide practical and low-cost dietary intervention targets, specifically for early intervention. Larger and randomized intervention studies and prospective longitudinal studies are required to further evaluate these associations.

Inverse Association Between Health Literacy and Obesity Among Children in Greece: A School-Based, Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812098294
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Kanellopoulou ◽  
Venetia Notara ◽  
George Antonogeorgos ◽  
Maria Chrissini ◽  
Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
High Level

Children’s health literacy is a crucial pillar of health. This study is aimed to examine the association between health literacy and weight status among Greek schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 years old. A population-based, cross-sectional observational study enrolling 1,728 students (795 boys), aged 10 to 12 years old, was conducted during school years 2014–2016. A health literacy index (range 0-100) was created through an item response theory hybrid model, by combining a variety of beliefs and perceptions of children about health. The mean health literacy score was 70.4 (±18.7). The majority of children (63.8%) had a “high” level (i.e., >67/100) of health literacy, 30.5% had a “medium” level (i.e., 34–66/100) of health literacy, while a small proportion of children (5.7%) had a “low” level (i.e., <33/100). Girls exhibited a higher level of health literacy than boys (71.7 ± 18.3 vs. 68.8 ± 19.1, p < .01). Regarding body weight status, 21.7% of children was overweight and 5.0% was obese. Linear regression models showed that the health literacy score was inversely associated with children’s body mass index (regression coefficient [95% CI]: −0.010 [−0.018, −0.001]), after adjusting for dietary habits, physical activity levels, and other potential confounders. Health literacy seems to be a dominant characteristic of children’s weight status; therefore, school planning, as well as public health policy actions should emphasize on the ability of children’s capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information.

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