Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Accumulation in Ovariectomized Rats

Background: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism. Methods: At 9 weeks of age, rats (n = 40) were given an ovariectomy, eight of which were sham-operated to serve as a control group (S). We then divided OVX rats into four different intervention groups: diet with 5% soybean oil (C), and diet with 5% (L), 15% (M), and 20% (H) (w/w) experimental oil, containing 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and with a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 5. Results: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic triglyceride level and FAS enzyme activity, and higher hepatic ACO and CPT-1 gene expressions and enzyme activities. Conclusions: An OVX leads to severe weight gain and lipid metabolism abnormalities, while according to previous studies, high fat diet may worsen the situation. However, during our experiment, we discovered that the experimental oil mixture with 60% MUFAs and P/S = 5 may ameliorate these imbalances.

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The influence of dietary fatty acids on liver fat content and metabolism

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665119000569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 30-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Leanne Hodson ◽

Fredrik Rosqvist ◽

Siôn A Parry

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Liver Fat Content ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of conditions from hepatic steatosis through to cirrhosis; obesity is a known risk factor. The liver plays a major role in regulating fatty acid metabolism and perturbations in intrahepatic processes have potential to impact on metabolic health. It remains unclear why intra-hepatocellular fat starts to accumulate, but it likely involves an imbalance between fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver and TAG export from the liver. As man spends the majority of the day in a postprandial rather than postabsorptive state, dietary fatty acid intake should be taken into consideration when investigating why intra-hepatic fat starts to accumulate. This review will discuss the impact of the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids on liver fat accumulation and metabolism, along with some of the potential mechanisms involved. Studies investigating the role of dietary fat in liver fat accumulation, although surprisingly limited, have clearly demonstrated that it is total energy intake, rather than fat intake per se, that is a key mediator of liver fat content; hyperenergetic diets increase liver fat whilst hypoenergetic diets decrease liver fat content irrespective of total fat content. Moreover, there is now, albeit limited evidence emerging to suggest the composition of dietary fat may also play a role in liver fat accumulation, with diets enriched in saturated fat appearing to increase liver fat content to a greater extent when compared with diets enriched in unsaturated fats.

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Cafestol Increases Fat Oxidation and Energy Expenditure in Caenorhabditis Elegans via DAF-12-dependent Pathway (OR34-02-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz031.or34-02-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Renalison Farias-Pereira ◽

Yeonhwa Park

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Hormone Receptors ◽

Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽

Scientific Development ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

C Elegans

Abstract Objectives Cafestol, a diterpene found in coffee beans, is reported to be an agonist of farnesoid X receptors (FXR), nuclear hormone receptors involved in cholesterol homeostasis. It is also known that FXR plays critical roles in other metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism; however, little is known about cafestol's effects on lipid metabolism. The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of cafestol on lipid metabolism using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. Methods C. elegans was treated for 2 days with cafestol or 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle control). Triglycerides, locomotor behavior (an indicator of energy expenditure) and lipid metabolism-related gene expressions were measured. Results Cafestol at 60 µM significantly reduced fat accumulation by 20% compared to the control. Cafestol increased locomotor activity by 38% compared to the control. The effects of cafestol on fat accumulation were dependent on daf-12 (a functional homolog of the human FXR) and further confirmed by the upregulation of a DAF-12-target gene, fard-1 (the homolog of the human fatty acid reductase 1). Cafestol's fat-lowering effects were also dependent on tub-1 (an ortholog of the human TUBBY), which is involved in the neurological regulation of energy expenditure. Cafestol upregulated the expression of ech-1.1, involved in fatty acid β-oxidation; however, no effects of cafestol were observed on lipogenesis, lipolysis or lipid uptake and transport. Conclusions In conclusion, cafestol regulates lipid metabolism in C. elegans by increasing fatty acid β-oxidation and energy expenditure dependent on daf-12/FXR. Funding Sources Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq).

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Association between dietary fatty acids pattern and incidence of oral cancer: A case-control study from Southeast China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-713275/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Fan ◽

Yu Qiu ◽

Qing Chen ◽

Sijie Wang ◽

Mingming Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Cancer Patients ◽

Fatty Acid Patterns

Abstract ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between dietary fatty acid pattern and the risk of oral cancer (OC).MethodIn 446 patients with primary oral cancer and 448 controls, we assessed prediagnosis consumption of 159 food items by food frequency questionnaires completed within 1 week of diagnosis. Fatty acid patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence (CI) interval was calculated.ResultsGeneral differences of fatty acid intake were observed between case and control, intake of saturated fatty acids such as C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 are higher in case than control group (p < 0.001), intake of monounsaturated fatty acid such as C18:1 is higher in case than control group (p < 0.001). We identified a fatty acid pattern which was characterized by saturated fatty acids and it explained 33.2% of the overall variability of the 32 fatty acids. The identified fatty acid pattern scores were positively associated with a higher risk of oral cancer [multivariable-adjusted OR comparing extreme quintiles, 3.325 (95%CI: 2.222, 4.975); Ptrend<0.001].ConclusionsGeneral differences of dietary fatty acids were observed between oral cancer patients and controls. A dietary fatty acids pattern, which was mainly composed of saturated fatty acids were positively correlated with the risk of oral cancer.

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Supplementation of Non-Dairy Creamer-Enriched High-Fat Diet with D-Allulose Ameliorated Blood Glucose and Body Fat Accumulation in C57BL/6J Mice

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9132750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (13) ◽

pp. 2750 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ga Young Do ◽

Eun-Young Kwon ◽

Yun Jin Kim ◽

Youngji Han ◽

Seong-Bo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Body Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Food Component ◽

Fat Accumulation

D-allulose, which has 70% of the sweet taste of sucrose but nearly no calories, has been reported to inhibit the absorption of lipids and suppress body weight gain in obese mice. Fats in non-dairy creamer consist of highly saturated fatty acids, which can cause various lipid disorders when consumed over a long period. We investigated whether D-allulose supplementation alleviates the effects of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet on lipid metabolism. High-fat diets enriched with non-dairy creamer were administered to C57BL/6J mice with or without D-allulose supplementation for eight weeks by the pair-feeding design. Lipid metabolic markers were compared between the non-dairy creamer control group (NDC) and non-dairy creamer allulose group (NDCA). Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, and fasting blood glucose levels, were significantly lower in the NDCA group than in the NDC group. Fecal fatty acid and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the NDCA group than in the NDC group. Supplementing a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet with D-allulose improved overall lipid metabolism, including the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, hepatic and adipose tissue morphology, and plasma inflammatory adipokine levels in mice. These results suggest that D-allulose can be used as a functional food component for preventing body fat accumulation from a high-fat diet that includes hydrogenated plant fats.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus prediction? A unique fatty acid profile study

Nutrition and Diabetes ◽

10.1038/s41387-020-00138-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Enitan Ogundipe ◽

Saidee Samuelson ◽

Michael A. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Predictive Tool

Abstract Objective To elucidate whether women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a unique fatty acid profile compared to women considered normal healthy controls (NHC). Methods Three hundred pregnant women were randomized to a control group (NHC) (n = 50) and to one of three high risk groups (n = 250), one of which was GDM (n = 50). At recruitment participants’ booking bloods were taken and analyzed for lipid profiles. The GDM group’s fatty acid profile is reported here. Results GDM women compared to NHC had elevated levels of omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids compared to omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (p = 0.01), of linoleic acid (LA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) p = 0.001, sequentially distorted levels of n-6 fatty acids LA and arachidonic acid (ArA) p = 0.035, as well as significantly depressed levels of n-3 DHA (p = 0.01). Conclusion This paper shows that GDM women have a unique fatty acid profile with elevated levels of n-6 fats, depressed levels of n-3 fats and an abnormal pattern of sequential n-6 metabolism. This profile probably results from a combination of factors including underexpression and or poor utilization of desaturase enzymes, suboptimal dietary fatty acids intake, poor micronutrient status or dysbiosis of the microbiome. These results help inform development of a clinical predictive tool.

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Effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on the body weight, fat accumulation, and lipid metabolism in hamsters

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2015.11.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 601-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ji-Hua Yang ◽

Jung-Su Chang ◽

Chi-Long Chen ◽

Chiu-Li Yeh ◽

Yi-Wen Chien

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Accumulation

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Greater dietary fat oxidation in obese compared with lean men: an adaptive mechanism to prevent liver fat accumulation?

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00272.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (4) ◽

pp. E584-E592 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Leanne Hodson ◽

Siobhán E. McQuaid ◽

Sandy M. Humphreys ◽

Ross Milne ◽

Barbara A. Fielding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Isotopic Enrichment ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Dietary Fat Oxidation

Liver fat represents a balance between input, secretion, and oxidation of fatty acids. As humans spend the majority of a 24-h period in a postprandial state, dietary fatty acids make an important contribution to liver fat metabolism. We compared hepatic fatty acid partitioning in healthy lean ( n = 9) and abdominally obese ( n = 10) males over 24 h. Volunteers received three mixed meals adjusted for basal metabolic rate. U-13C-labeled fatty acids were incorporated into the meals, and [2H2]palmitate was infused intravenously to distinguish between sources of fatty acids incorporated into VLDL-TG. Immunoaffinity chromatography was used to isolate VLDL-TG of hepatic origin. Liver and whole body fatty acid oxidation was assessed by isotopic enrichment of 3-hydoxybutyrate and breath CO2.We found a similar contribution of dietary fatty acids to VLDL-TG in the two groups over 24 h. The contribution of fatty acids from splanchnic sources was higher ( P < 0.05) in the abdominally obese group. Ketogenesis occurred to a significantly greater extent in abdominally obese compared with lean males, largely due to lessened downregulation of postprandial ketogenesis ( P < 0.001). The appearance of13C in breath CO2was also greater ( P < 0.001) in abdominally obese compared with lean men. Hepatic elongation and desaturation of palmitic acid were higher ( P < 0.05) in abdominally obese than in lean males. Oxidation of dietary fatty acids and hepatic desaturation and elongation of palmitic acid occurred to a greater extent in abdominally obese men. These alterations may represent further pathways for redirection of fatty acids into export from the liver or oxidation to prevent liver fat accumulation.

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Impacts of Betaine Addition in Sow and Piglet's Diets on Growth Performance, Plasma Hormone, and Lipid Metabolism of Bama Mini-Pigs

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.779171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yating Cheng ◽

Mingtong Song ◽

Qian Zhu ◽

Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽

Qiankun Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Plasma Hormone ◽

Mini Pigs

The present study evaluated the effects of betaine addition in sow and piglet's diets on growth performance, plasma hormone, and lipid metabolism of Bama mini-pigs. A total of 26 pregnant Bama mini-pigs and 104 weaned piglets were selected and divided into different dietary treatment groups (details in “Materials and Methods”). Blood and muscle samples were collected at 65-, 95-, and 125-day-old, respectively. The results showed that betaine addition in sow-offspring diets increased (P < 0.05) the body weight at 125-day-old, average daily gain from 35- to 65-day-old, and average daily feed intake at 35–65 and 35–95 days old of pigs compared with the control group. Betaine addition in sow-offspring diets increased (P < 0.05) the plasma gastrin level at 95-day-old, while betaine addition in sow diets decreased (P < 0.05) the plasma peptide YY and leptin levels at 65-day-old pigs. In the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs, betaine addition in sow and sow-offspring diets increased (P < 0.05) the C12:0 content at 65-day-old while decreased at 95-day-old. Moreover, betaine addition in sow-offspring diets increased the C24:0 content and decreased the C18:1n9t content at 125-day-old (P < 0.05). In the biceps femoris muscle, the contents of C12:0 at 65-day-old and C20:4n6 at 125-day-old were decreased (P < 0.05) after the betaine addition in both sow and piglet's diets. In addition, betaine addition in sow diets decreased (P < 0.05) the C20:0 content at 125-day-old, while betaine addition in sow-offspring diets increased the C18:3n6 and decreased C24:0 contents at 65-day-old pigs (P < 0.05). In the psoas major muscle, betaine addition in sow and sow-offspring diets decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of C18:1n9t at 65-day-old and C20:1 at 95-day-old, while betaine addition in sow diets decreased (P < 0.05) the intramuscular fat content at 125-day-old. Moreover, betaine addition in sow-offspring diets was also associated with muscle lipid deposition and metabolisms by regulating the gene expressions related to fatty acid metabolism. These findings suggested that betaine addition in sow-offspring diets could improve the growth performance, whereas betaine addition in both sow and sow-offspring diets could enhance lipid quality by altering plasma hormone level and fatty acid composition and regulating the gene expressions related to fatty acid metabolism.

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Genomics of lactation: role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in the fatty acid composition of human milk

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517001854 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 161-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elizabeth Sosa-Castillo ◽

Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz ◽

Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Human Milk ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Individual Response

AbstractHuman milk covers the infant’s nutrient requirements during the first 6 months of life. The composition of human milk progressively changes during lactation and it is influenced by maternal nutritional factors. Nowadays, it is well known that nutrients have the ability to interact with genes and modulate molecular mechanisms impacting physiological functions. This has led to a growing interest among researchers in exploring nutrition at a molecular level and to the development of two fields of study: nutrigenomics, which evaluates the influence of nutrients on gene expression, and nutrigenetics, which evaluates the heterogeneous individual response to nutrients due to genetic variation. Fatty acids are one of the nutrients most studied in relation to lactation given their biologically important roles during early postnatal life. Fatty acids modulate transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, which in turn causes a variation in the proportion of lipids in milk. This review focuses on understanding, on the one hand, the gene transcription mechanisms activated by maternal dietary fatty acids and, on the other hand, the interaction between dietary fatty acids and genetic variation in genes involved in lipid metabolism. Both of these mechanisms affect the fatty acid composition of human milk.

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