scholarly journals Endometriosis and Phytoestrogens: Friends or Foes? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2532
Author(s):  
Ludovica Bartiromo ◽  
Matteo Schimberni ◽  
Roberta Villanacci ◽  
Jessica Ottolina ◽  
Carolina Dolci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Lesion Growth ◽  
Experimental Findings

The aim of this systematic review was to provide comprehensive and available data on the possible role of phytoestrogens (PE) for the treatment of endometriosis. We conducted an advanced, systematic search of online medical databases PubMed and Medline. Only full-length manuscripts written in English up to September 2020 were considered. A total of 60 studies were included in the systematic review. According to in vitro findings, 19 out of 22 studies reported the ability of PE in inducing anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic effects on cultured cells. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain this in vitro action including the alteration of cell cycle proteins, the activation/inactivation of regulatory pathways, and modification of radical oxidative species levels. Thirty-eight articles on the effects of phytoestrogens on the development of endometriotic lesions in in vivo experimental animal models of endometriosis have been included. In line with in vitro findings, results also derived from animal models of endometriosis generally supported a beneficial effect of the compounds in reducing lesion growth and development. Finally, only seven studies investigated the effects of phytoestrogens intake on endometriosis in humans. The huge amount of in vitro and in vivo animal findings did not correspond to a consistent literature in the women affected. Therefore, whether the experimental findings can be translated in women is currently unknown.

Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic ◽  
Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽  
Priscila Elias Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Irioda ◽  
Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Study Designs

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

A Review on Melatonin’s Effects in Cancer: Potential Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Ertan Kucuksayan ◽  
Rana Cagla Akduman ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
G Protein Coupled

This systematic review aims to elucidate the role of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-metoxy-tryptamine) (MLT) in the prevention and treatment of cancer. MLT is a pineal gland secretory product, an evolutionarily highly conserved molecule; it is also an antioxidant and an impressive protector of mitochondrial bioenergetic activity. MLT is characterized by an ample range of activities, modulating the physiology and molecular biology of the cell. Its physiological functions relate principally to the interaction of G Protein-Coupled MT1 and MT2 trans-membrane receptors (GPCRs), a family of guanidine triphosphate binding proteins. MLT has been demonstrated to suppress the growth of various tumours both, in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we analyze in depth, the antioxidant activity of melatonin, aiming to illustrate the cancer treatment potential of the molecule, by limiting or reversing the changes occurring during cancer development and growth.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zahra Mohri ◽  
Wissal Alsheikh ◽  
Umber Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tissue Models

The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.

Abstract 237: PRMT1-p53-Slug Axis Regulates Epicardial EMT and Ventricular Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olan Jackson-Weaver ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yongchao Gou ◽  
Yibu Chen ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Epicardial Cells ◽  
Coronary Blood Vessels

Rationale: Epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal trasition (EMT) is a vital process in embryonic heart development. During EMT, epicardial cells acquire migratory and invasive properties, and differentiate into new cell types, including cardiac fibroblasts and coronary smooth muscle cells. Non-histone protein methylation is an emerging modulator of cell signaling. We have recently established a role for protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) in TGF-β-induced EMT in cultured cells. Objective: To determine the role of PRMT1 in epicardial EMT. Methods and Results: We investigated the role of PRMT1 in epicardial EMT in mouse epicardial cells. Embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) tamoxifen administration of WT1-Cre ERT ;PRMT1 fl/fl ;ROSA-YFP fl/fl mouse embryos was used to delete PRMT1 in the epicardium. Epicardial PRMT1 deletion led to reduced epicardial migration into the myocardium, a thinner compact myocardial layer, and dilated coronary blood vessels at E15.5. Using the epicardial cell line MEC1, we found that PRMT1 siRNA prevented the increase in mesenchymal proteins Slug and Fibronectin and the decrease in epithelial protein E-Cadherin during TGF-β treatment-induced EMT. PRMT1 siRNA also reduced the migration and invasion of MEC1 cells. We further identified that PRMT1 siRNA also increased the expression of p53, a key regulator of the Slug degradation pathway. PRMT1 siRNA increases p53 expression by decreasing p53 degradation, and shifted p53 localization to the cytoplasm. In vitro methylation assays further demonstrated that PRMT1 methylates p53. Knockdown of p53 increased Slug levels and enhanced EMT, establishing p53 as a regulator of epicardial EMT through controlling Slug expression. Furthermore, RNAseq experiments in MEC1 cells demonstrated that 40% (545/1,351) of TGF-β-induced transcriptional changes were prevented by PRMT1 siRNA. Furthermore, when p53 and PRMT1 were simultaneously knocked down, TGF-β induced transcriptional control of 37% (201/545) of these PRMT1-dependent genes was restored. Conclusions: The PRMT1-p53-Slug pathway is necessary for epicardial EMT in cultured MEC1 cells as well as in the epicardium in vivo . Epicardial PRMT1 is required for the development of compact myocardium and coronary blood vessels.

scholarly journals Anticancer Effects of Disulfiram: A Systematic Review of in Vitro, Animal, and Human Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ling wang ◽  
yang yu ◽  
cong zhou ◽  
run wan ◽  
Yumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tumor Inhibition ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Abstract Background and objectives: Cancer morbidity and mortality rates remain high, and thus, at present, considerable efforts are focused on finding drugs with higher sensitivity against tumor cells and fewer side effects. Several preclinical and clinical studies have examined the potential of repurposing disulfiram (DSF) as an anticancer treatment. This systematic review aimed to assess evidence regarding the antineoplastic activity of DSF in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in humans.Methods: Two authors independently conducted this systematic review of English and Chinese articles from the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases up to July 2019. Eligible in vitro studies needed to include assessments of the apoptosis rate by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide, and studies in animal models and clinical trials needed to examine tumor inhibition rates, and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Overall, 35 studies, i.e., 21 performed in vitro, 11 based on animal models, and three clinical trials, were finally included. In vitro and animal studies indicated that DSF was associated with enhanced apoptosis and tumor inhibition rates. Human studies showed that DSF prolongs PFS and OS. The greatest anti-tumor activity was observed when DSF was used as combination therapy or as a nanoparticle-encapsulated molecule.Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence regarding the anti-tumor activity of DSF in vitro, in animals, and in humans and indicates the optimal forms of treatment to be evaluated in future research.

scholarly journals Role of Type I Interferons on Filovirus Pathogenesis

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Escudero-Pérez ◽  
César Muñoz-Fontela
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Filoviruses, such as Ebola and Marburg virus, encode viral proteins with the ability to counteract the type I interferon (IFN-I) response. These IFN-I antagonist proteins are crucial to ensure virus replication, prevent an antiviral state in infected and bystander cells, and impair the ability of antigen-presenting cells to initiate adaptive immune responses. However, in recent years, a number of studies have underscored the conflicting data between in vitro studies and in vivo data obtained in animal models and clinical studies during outbreaks. This review aims to summarize these data and to discuss the relative contributions of IFN-α and IFN-β to filovirus pathogenesis in animal models and humans. Finally, we evaluate the putative utilization of IFN-I in post-exposure therapy and its implications as a biomarker of vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Quercetin-Based Nanocomposites as a Tool to Improve Dental Disease Management

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Angellotti ◽  
Denise Murgia ◽  
Giuseppina Campisi ◽  
Viviana De Caro
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Experimental Findings

The restoration and prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth are commonly performed using dental implants, which are extremely effective and long-lasting techniques due to their osteointegration ability with the preimplant tissues. Quercetin is a phytoestrogen-like flavonoid well known for its several positive effects on human health, mostly linked to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, many studies in dentistry and the maxillofacial fields have highlighted the positive effects of quercetin on osteogenesis, acting on osteoblast activity and angiogenetic process, and promoting soft and hard tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the role of quercetin on the healing and restoration of bony defects, considering the experimental findings of its application both in vitro and in vivo as a mere compound or in association with scaffolds and dental implants having functionalized surfaces.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo replication of influenza A H1N1 WSN33 viruses with different M1 proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguang Ran ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Huigang Shen ◽  
Xiaoxiao Xiang ◽  
Qinfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
M1 Protein ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The M1 protein is a major structural protein that has multiple functions in various steps within the life cycle of the influenza A virus (IAV). However, little is currently known about the role of M1 in IAV replication in vivo and the associated pathogenesis. In this study, six isogenic H1N1 WSN33 viruses, constructed to express unique M1 proteins derived from various strains, subtypes or WSN33 itself, were tested to determine in vitro and in vivo functional exchangeability of M1 proteins in the replication and pathogenesis of the WSN33 virus. Despite five chimeric M1 viruses replicating to levels similar to those of the parental WSN33 virus in cell cultures, all M1 chimeras exhibited improved replication and enhanced virulence in mice when compared with the WSN33 virus. Interestingly, M1 proteins derived from swine viruses caused more severe clinical diseases than those from human or quail. These data indicate that the M1 protein is an important determinant of viral replication and pathogenic properties in mice, although the functions of M1 observed in vivo are not adequately reflected in simple infections of cultured cells. Chimeric M1 viruses that are variable in their clinical manifestations described here will aid future understanding of the role of M1 in IAV pathogenesis.

The Role of Microscopy in Understanding Atherosclerotic Lysosomal Lipid Metabolism

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gray Jerome ◽  
Patricia G. Yancey
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Normal Metabolism

Microscopy has played a critical role in first identifying and then defining the role of lysosomes in formation of atherosclerotic foam cells. We review the evidence implicating lysosomal lipid accumulation as a factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with reference to the role of microscopy. In addition, we explore mechanisms by which lysosomal lipid engorgement occurs. Low density lipoproteins which have become modified are the major source of lipid for foam cell formation. These altered lipoproteins are taken into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis and delivered to lysosomes. Under normal conditions, lipids from these lipoproteins are metabolized and do not accumulate in lysosomes. In the atherosclerotic foam cell, this normal metabolism is inhibited so that cholesterol and cholesteryl esters accumulate in lysosomes. Studies of cultured cells incubated with modified lipoproteins suggests this abnormal metabolism occurs in two steps. Initially, hydrolysis of lipoprotein cholesteryl esters occurs normally, but the resultant free cholesterol cannot exit the lysosome. Further lysosomal cholesterol accumulation inhibits hydrolysis, producing a mixture of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters within swollen lysosomes. Various lipoprotein modifications can produce this lysosomal engorgement in vitro and it remains to be seen which modifications are most important in vivo.

scholarly journals The Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Factor InlJ Is Specifically Expressed In Vivo and Behaves as an Adhesin

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1368-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Sabet ◽  
Alejandro Toledo-Arana ◽  
Nicolas Personnic ◽  
Marc Lecuit ◽  
Sarah Dubrac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Body ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Medium

ABSTRACT The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is adapted to a diversity of environments, such as soil, food, body fluids, and the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. The transition between saprophytic and pathogenic life is mediated through complex regulatory pathways that modulate the expression of virulence factors. Here we examined the expression of inlJ, a recently identified gene encoding a protein of the LPXTG-internalin family and involved in pathogenesis. We show that inlJ expression is controlled neither by the major listerial regulator of virulence genes, PrfA, nor by AxyR, a putative AraC regulator encoded by a gene adjacent to inlJ and divergently transcribed. The InlJ protein is not produced by bacteria grown in vitro in brain heart infusion medium or replicating in the cytosol of tissue-cultured cells. In contrast, it is efficiently produced and localized at the surface of bacteria present in the liver and blood of infected animals. Strikingly, the expression of inlJ by a heterologous promoter in L. monocytogenes or L. innocua promotes bacterial adherence to human cells in vitro. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that InlJ acts as a novel L. monocytogenes sortase-anchored adhesin specifically expressed during infection in vivo.

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