scholarly journals Association of the Maternal Gut Microbiota/Metabolome with Cord Blood CCL17

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Hiromi Tanabe ◽  
Kenichi Sakurai ◽  
Yumiko Nakanishi ◽  
Tamotsu Kato ◽  
Yohei Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Stool Samples

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) is a pro-allergic factor: high CCL17 levels in cord blood (CB) precede later allergic predisposition. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) treatment during pregnancy has been shown to protect mouse pups against allergic diseases. The maternal microbial metabolome during pregnancy may affect fetal allergic immune responses. We therefore examined the associations between CB CCL17 and gut SCFA levels in healthy pregnant Japanese women. CB CCL17 serum levels at birth, and maternal non-specific IgE levels in maternal sera at 32 weeks of gestation were measured. Maternal stool samples were collected at 12 (n = 59) and 32 (n = 58) weeks of gestation for gut microbiota analysis, based on barcoded 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolite levels. The CB CCL17 levels correlated negatively with butyrate concentrations and positively with isobutyrate at 12 weeks; CB CCL17 correlated positively with valerate and lactate at 32 weeks. Similarly, butyrate levels correlated negatively with maternal non-specific IgE levels, whereas the lactate concentration correlated positively with IgE levels. At 32 weeks, the Shannon diversity index (SDI) of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria correlated negatively with CB CCL17 levels, while those of the total microbiota correlated positively with the CB CCL17 levels. These metabolites may alter fetal immune responses. This study provides the first link between maternal metabolites during pregnancy and the risk of allergic diseases in human offspring.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in cerebral infarction patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Dengdeng Pan ◽  
Yongqiang Liu ◽  
Xuebing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) and its clinical implications.MethodsStool samples were collected from 79 CI patients and 98 healthy controls and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to identify stool microbes. Altered compositions and functions of gut microbiota in CI and its correlation with clinical features were investigated. Random forest and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to develop a diagnostic model.ResultsMicrobiota diversity and structure between CI patients and healthy controls were overall similar. However, butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) were significantly reduced in CI patients, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were increased. Genetically, BPB-related functional genes were reduced in CI patients, whereas LAB-related genes were enhanced. The interbacterial correlations among BPB in CI patients were less prominent than those in healthy controls. Clinically, BPB was negatively associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while LAB was positively correlated with NIHSS. Both BPB and LAB played leading roles in the diagnostic model based on 47 bacteria.ConclusionsThe abundance and functions of BPB in CI patients were significantly decreased, while LAB were increased. Both BPB and LAB displayed promising potential in the assessment and diagnosis of CI.

Assessment of serum levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in different seasons and breeds in healthy horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Wilkołek ◽  
Z.J.H. Pomorski ◽  
M.P. Szczepanik ◽  
Ł. Adamek ◽  
M. Pluta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Storage Mites ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Domestic Mites

Abstract The present study was designed to asses specific IgE towards environment allergens in 42 healthy horses. Determination of this immunoglobulin in serum serve as diagnostic tools in allergic diseases to improve efficacy of the treatment and proper allergen selection to specific immunotherapy. Serum levels of allergen specific IgE were measured with equine monoclonal antibody, using 15 individual and 5 mix allergens in North European Panel. The study revealed season dependent increased levels of allergen specific IgE in normal horses. It is noteworthy that healthy horses show high percentage of positive reactions, most commonly towards to domestic mites D. farinae (80%), D. pteronyssinus (35.71%) and storage mites T. putrenscentiae (42.86%), Acarus siro (40.48%). These allergens play an important role in equine, canine and feline atopic dermatitis. We also demonstrated high IgE levels in the group of horse specific insect allergens. Tabanus sp. (35.71%), Culicoides sp. (28.57%) and Simulium sp. (26.19%) were the most frequent insect positive reaction allergens. No positive reactions in all groups of allergens were found in winter season, low and merely detectable levels of antibodies have been found relating to D. farianae and T. putrescentiae allergen. We observed elevated mould-IgE levels in horses that live in stables, while outdoor living horses showed very low levels. Amongst all positive reactions we observed only weak and moderate reactions but no strong positive reactions were found. No significant differences were observed between three breeds of horses with the exception of moulds and D. pteronyssinus allergens

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota, Probiotics, and Their Interactions in Prevention and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Fang ◽  
Lingzhi Li ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
Wenwei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a public health concern and is increasing in prevalence in urban areas. Recent advances in sequencing technology have demonstrated that the development of AD not only associate with the skin microbiome but gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays an important role in allergic diseases including AD. The hypothesis of the “gut-skin” axis has been proposed and the cross-talk mechanism between them has been gradually demonstrated in the research. Probiotics contribute to the improvement of the intestinal environment, the balance of immune responses, regulation of metabolic activity. Most studies suggest that probiotic supplements may be an alternative for the prevention and treatment of AD. This study aimed to discuss the effects of probiotics on the clinical manifestation of AD based on gut microbial alterations. Here we reviewed the gut microbial alteration in patients with AD, the association between gut microbiota, epidermal barrier, and toll-like receptors, and the interaction of probiotics and gut microbiota. The potential mechanisms of probiotics on alleviating AD via upregulation of epidermal barrier and regulation of immune signaling had been discussed, and their possible effective substances on AD had been explored. This provides the supports for targeting gut microbiota to attenuate AD.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites Were Disturbed in Ulcerative Colitis and Partly Restored After Mesalamine Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Dai ◽  
Yingjue Tang ◽  
Wenjun Zhou ◽  
Yanqi Dang ◽  
Qiaoli Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Mayo Score ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Mesalamine has been well used in the improvement of ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinics, however, the underlying mechanisms were not well illustrated. To explore its efficacy from the perspective of gut microbiota and related metabolites, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics approaches in stool samples across 14 normal healthy controls (NC group), 10 treatment-naïve UC patients (UC group) and 14 UC patients responded to mesalamine treatment (mesalamine group). We noted that the gut microbiota diversity and community composition were remarkably perturbed in UC group and partially restored by mesalamine treatment. The relative abundance of 192 taxa in genus level were significantly changed in UC group, and 168 genera were significantly altered after mesalamine intervention. Meanwhile, a total of 127 metabolites were significantly changed in UC group and 129 metabolites were significantly altered after mesalamine treatment. Importantly, we observed that many candidates including 49 genera (such as Escherichia-shigella, Enterococcus and Butyricicoccus) and 102 metatoblites (such as isoleucine, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid) were reversed by mesalamine. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that most of the candidates were significantly correlated with Mayo score of UC, and the relative abundance of specific genera were significant correlated with the perturbation of metabolites. Pathway analysis demonstrated that genera and metabolites candidates were enriched in many similar molecular pathways such as amino acid metabolism and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Importantly, ROC curve analysis identified a gut microbiota signature composed of five genera including Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Megamonas, Prevotella_9 and [Eubacterium] _coprostanoligenes _group which might be used to distinguish UC group from both NC and mesalamine group. In all, our results suggested that mesalamine might exert a beneficial role in UC by modulating gut microbiota signature with correlated metabolites in different pathways, which may provide a basis for developing novel candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets of UC.

scholarly journals The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arox W. Kamng’ona ◽  
Rebecca Young ◽  
Charles D. Arnold ◽  
Emma Kortekangas ◽  
Noel Patson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract We tested the hypotheses that a more mature or diverse gut microbiota will be positively associated with infant growth and inversely associated with inflammation. We characterized gut microbiota from the stool samples of Malawian infants at 6 mo (n = 527), 12 mo (n = 632) and 18 mo (n = 629) of age. Microbiota diversity and maturity measurements were based on Shannon diversity index and microbiota for age Z-score (MAZ), respectively. Growth was calculated as change in Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) from 6 to 12 mo and 12 to 18 mo. Biomarkers of inflammation (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured at 6 and 18 mo. Multivariable models were used to assess the association of each independent variable with each outcome. Microbiota diversity and maturity were related to growth in weight from 6 to 12 mo, but not to growth in length or head circumference or to growth from 12 to 18 mo. Microbiota diversity and maturity may also be linked to inflammation, but findings were inconsistent.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives on the Gut Microbiota of Consumers: A Real-World Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Miguel Toribio-Mateas ◽  
Adri Bester ◽  
Natalia Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Eating less meat is increasingly seen as a healthier, more ethical option. This is leading to growing numbers of flexitarian consumers looking for plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) to replace at least some of the animal meat they consume. Popular PBMA products amongst flexitarians, including plant-based mince, burgers, sausages and meatballs, are often perceived as low-quality, ultra-processed foods. However, we argue that the mere industrial processing of ingredients of plant origin does not make a PBMA product ultra-processed by default. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess the changes to the gut microbiota of a group of 20 participants who replaced several meat-containing meals per week with meals cooked with PBMA products and compared these changes to those experienced by a size-matched control. Stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. The resulting raw data was analysed in a compositionality-aware manner, using a range of innovative bioinformatic methods. Noteworthy changes included an increase in butyrate metabolising potential—chiefly in the 4-aminobutyrate/succinate and glutarate pathways—and in the joint abundance of butyrate-producing taxa in the intervention group compared to control. We also observed a decrease in the Tenericutes phylum in the intervention group and an increase in the control group. Based on our findings, we concluded that the occasional replacement of animal meat with PBMA products seen in flexitarian dietary patterns can promote positive changes in the gut microbiome of consumers.

scholarly journals Breastmilk-promoted bifidobacteria produce aromatic amino acids in the infant gut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Laursen ◽  
Mikiyasu Sakanaka ◽  
Nicole von Burg ◽  
Urs Mörbe ◽  
Daniel Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Lactic Acids

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding profoundly shapes the infant gut microbiota, which is critical for early life immune development. However, few breastmilk-dependent microbial metabolites mediating host-microbiota interactions are currently known. We here demonstrate that breastmilk-promoted Bifidobacterium species convert aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine) into their respective aromatic lactic acids (indolelactate, phenyllactate and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate) via a previously unrecognised aromatic lactate dehydrogenase. By longitudinal profiling of the gut microbiota composition and metabolome of stool samples of infants obtained from birth until 6 months of age, we show that stool concentrations of aromatic lactic acids are determined by the abundance of human milk oligosaccharide degrading Bifidobacterium species containing the aromatic lactate dehydrogenase. We demonstrate that stool concentrations of Bifidobacterium-derived indolelactate, the most abundant aromatic lactic acid in vivo, are associated with the capacity of infant stool samples to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a receptor important for controlling intestinal homeostasis and immune responses. Finally, we show that indolelactate modulates ex vivo immune responses of human CD4+ T-cells and monocytes in a dose-dependent manner by acting as an agonist of both, the AhR and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCAR3). Our findings reveal that breastmilk-promoted Bifidobacterium produce aromatic lactic acids in the gut of infants and suggest that these microbial metabolites may impact immune function in early life.

scholarly journals The Constipation-Relieving Property of d-Tagatose by Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang ◽  
Wen ◽  
Wang ◽  
OuYang ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

d-tagatose, a monosaccharide as well as a dietary supplement, has been reported as having a wide range of applicability in the food industry, however, the prebiotic activity, anticonstipation effects, and related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, using the loperamide-induced constipation Kunming mice as the animal model, the effects of d-tagatose for the prevention of constipation were evaluated by gastrointestinal transit experiment and defecation experiment. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was clarified by evaluating the change of the biochemical indicators and analyzing 16S rRNA amplicon of gut microbiota among the different mice groups. The results showed that the gastrointestinal transit rate, fecal number, and weight in six hours were significantly enhanced after the administration of d-tagatose. In addition, d-tagatose significantly increased the serum levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and substance P (SP), whereas the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) were significantly decreased. Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the changes in the gut microbiota caused by constipation were restored by d-tagatose treatment. In conclusion, this study indicated that the administration of d-tagatose as a dietary supplement can effectively prevent and relieve constipation in Kunming mice, and it is a promising prebiotic candidate with constipation-relieving properties.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effect of wogonin on allergic responses in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in the mouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 215265671876414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong Ah Kim ◽  
Joo Hyun Jung ◽  
Yun Sook Choi ◽  
Gyu Kang ◽  
Seon Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Group A

Background Wogonin is commonly used for the treatment of allergic diseases. However, neither its precise effect in preventing allergic rhinitis (AR) nor its mechanism of action are known. Objectives In this study, the effect of wogonin on allergic responses in ovalbumin (OVA) induced AR was investigated in mice. Methods BALB/c mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) OVA and then challenged intranasally with OVA. Wogonin (10 and 30 mg/kg) was given to the treatment groups, and the effect of wogonin on the release of allergic inflammatory mediators, specifically OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines, was explored. Eosinophil infiltration and the levels of interleukin (IL) 5 and IL-13 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results In mice with AR, wogonin decreased OVA-specific IgE levels in serum, and the levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, and RANTES in nasal lavage fluid. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were lower in both groups of wogonin-pretreated mice than in the OVA group. A reduction in eosinophil infiltration of the nasal mucosa and inhibition of the expression of IL-5 and IL-13 were also noted in the treated groups. Conclusion Wogonin induced antiallergic effects in a murine model of AR by decreasing the infiltration of eosinophils and levels of T-helper type 2 cytokines. Thus, wogonin merits consideration as a therapeutic agent for treating AR.

scholarly journals An Association of Gut Microbiota with Different Phenotypes in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-I Chiang ◽  
Jian-Rong Li ◽  
Chun-Chi Liu ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Hsin-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Bacterial Dna Extraction

We aimed to investigate the association of gut microbiota with disease activity, inflammatory parameters, and auto-antibodies profile in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 138 RA patients and 21 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction and 16S ribosome (r)RNA sequencing, followed by analyses of gut microbiota composition. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17A were determined by using ELISA. Our results indicated that RA patients had lower diversity index, which reflects both evenness and richness of gut microbiota, compared to HC. The alpha-diversity was lower in anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)-positive patients than in HC. The phylum Verrucomicrobiae and genus Akkermansia were more abundant in patients compared to HC. There was increased relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae as well as Klebsiella, and less abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with high levels of TNF-α or IL-17A compared to those who had low levels of these cytokines. In addition, ACPA-positive patients had higher proportions of Blautia, Akkermansia, and Clostridiales than ACPA-negative patients. Gut dysbiosis in RA patients was presented as different microbial composition and its association with inflammatory parameters as well as ACPA seropositivity. These findings support the involvement of gut microbiota in RA pathogenesis.

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