scholarly journals Diet and Dementia: A Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4500
Author(s):  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
A Prospective Study

Whether dietary and nutrition and dietary patterns are associated with the development of dementia is an interesting research question. Participants of a longitudinal cohort study that included European adults who were middle to old aged at baseline and who had not been diagnosed with dementia at baseline (2006–2010) and had not been diagnosed with dementia or died within 5 years after baseline were followed up (until 2018) and analyzed. Associations between intake frequency of each food class measured by the food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and incident dementia 5 years after baseline were analyzed after correcting for confounding variables. A total of approximately 340,000 participants and 900 cases were included in the analysis for each food class. Cox proportional hazard models with self-reported intake level of each food category divided into four mostly equally divided categorical variables revealed a high intake of bread, moderate total meat and total fish intake and low vegetable and fruit intake were thus associated with a small but significant decrease in the onset risk of dementia, while poultry and cereal were not. These findings are mostly inconsistent with the idea that Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of subsequent incident dementia.

A Prospective Study of Diurnal Cortisol and Incident Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Ancelin ◽  
Joanna Norton ◽  
Jacqueline Scali ◽  
Karen Ritchie ◽  
Isabelle Chaudieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Diurnal salivary cortisol was measured in 334 older adults without dementia, at four times on two separate days, under quiet and stressful conditions. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, higher global diurnal cortisol secretion was associated with incident dementia (HR = 1.09 [1.02–1.15] per one-unit increase in cortisol measure, p = 0.007) and Alzheimer’s disease (HR = 1.12 [1.04–1.21], p = 0.003) over a mean(SD) of 8.1(4.0) years, independent of potential confounders and stressful conditions. Individuals with incident dementia had a slower rate of cortisol elimination under non-stressful conditions, reflected by higher cortisol levels in the evening, and an abnormal response to stress (blunted evening stress response).

Real-world time to next treatment (TTNT) for first-line (1L) targeted and immuno-oncology therapies for BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma (MM) by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Jason J. Luke ◽  
Sameer R. Ghate ◽  
Jonathan Kish ◽  
Choo Hyung Lee ◽  
Briana Ndife ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Community Oncology ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Ecog Ps

141 Background: Dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T), ipilimumab plus nivolumab (I+N), and both nivolumab and pembrolizumab (“PD-1 mono”) are approved for the 1L treatment of MM. This study reports real world 1L TTNT for patients receiving these therapies by LDH status. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. MM patients initiating 1L treatment with D+T, I+N, or PD-1 monotherapy from Jan-2014 through Jun-2017 were identified from community oncology practices in the U.S. Patients treating oncologist abstracted patient date into case report forms. LDH at initiation of treatment was classified by the provider as normal or abnormal ( > 1x and < 2x ULN or ≥ 2x ULN) according to the reference laboratory. TTNT was calculated from 1L initiation to initiation of second-line (2L). Cox proportional hazard models estimated the risk of initiating 2L (proxy for progression) between groups adjusted for age, gender, brain/liver metastases (mets), number of mets and ECOG-PS. Results: Data for 332 patients were submitted by 53 providers including 51.6% who initiated 2L. Abnormal LDH: D+T = 60.3%, ipi/nivo = 53.0%, PD-1 mono = 35.4%. No differences in the frequency of patients with stage IV M1c, brain mets, ECOG, or discontinuation due to toxicity (8.4% of all patients) were noted between cohorts. TTNT was significantly longer in both normal and abnormal LDH cohorts for D+T (14.1 and 11.6 mo.) vs. ipi/nivo (10.1 and 10.2 mo.) but not PD-1 mono (13.3 and 10.6). Adjusted for confounding variables in the abnormal LDH cohort the hazard ratio (HR) for risk of 2L initiation was significantly higher (2.08, p < 0.01) for ipi/nivo vs. D+T but not significant different among normal LDH patients (HR = 1.89, p = 0.054). No significant difference in the risk of 2L initiation between D+T and ipi/nivo were noted in either the normal or abnormal cohorts. Conclusions: For normal and abnormal LDH cohorts 1L TTNT was longer for patients receiving D+T vs. ipi/nivo (but not vs. PD-1 mono). Using the multivariate model we observed the risk of 2L initiation, a proxy for progression, was higher for ipi/nivo treated vs. D+T adjusted for clinical factors for abnormal LDH patients.

scholarly journals Dose-response association between device-measured physical activity and incident dementia: a prospective study from UK Biobank

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Donald M. Lyall ◽  
Stuart R. Gray ◽  
Jason M. R. Gill ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models

Abstract Background Previous cohort studies have investigated the relationship between self-reported physical activity (PA) and dementia. Evidence from objective device-measured PA data is lacking. This study aimed to explore the association of device-measured PA with the risk of dementia incidence and common subtypes (Alzheimer’s disease [AD] and vascular dementia) using the UK Biobank study. Methods 84,854 participants (55.8% women), invited to participate in the device-measured PA between 2013 and 2015, were included in this prospective cohort study. Wrist accelerometers were used to measure light, moderate, vigorous, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA intensity and duration (MET/min/week). Incident dementia (fatal and non-fatal) was extracted from hospital episodes records for incidence and death register for mortality. Incidence follow-up was carried out until the end of March 2021in England and Scotland and the end of March 2018 in Wales. Mortality data were available until February 2021. Nonlinear associations were first investigated using penalised cubic splines fitted in the Cox proportional hazard models. In addition, using MVPA, five categories were created. Associations of these categories with the outcomes were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 678 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. Evidence of nonlinearity was observed for all PA modes and all-cause dementia. For categories of MVPA, there was a significant trend towards a low risk of overall dementia when higher levels of MVPA were achieved (HRtrend 0.66 [95% CI 0.62 to 0.70]. The lowest risk was identified in individuals who performed more than 1200 MET/min/week, those who had 84% (95% CI 0.12 to 0.21) lower risk of incident dementia compared to those who performed < 300 MET/min/week. Conclusions Participants with higher PA levels had a lower risk of incident dementia than those less active, independently of sociodemographic, lifestyle factors and comorbidity. Considering that the majority of previous studies have reported this association using self-reported data, our findings highlight the strong inverse association between PA objectively measured and incident dementia.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study of Grip Strength Trajectories and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weida Liu ◽  
Runzhen Chen ◽  
Chenxi Song ◽  
Chuangshi Wang ◽  
Ge Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: A single measurement of grip strength (GS) could predict the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the long-term pattern of GS and its association with incident CVD are rarely studied. We aimed to characterize the GS trajectory and determine its association with the incidence of CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, and heart failure).Methods: This study included 5,300 individuals without CVD from a British community-based cohort in 2012 (the baseline). GS was repeatedly measured in 2004, 2008, and 2012. Long-term GS patterns were identified by the group-based trajectory model. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations between GS trajectories and incident CVD. We identified three GS trajectories separately for men and women based on the 2012 GS measurement and change patterns during 2004–2012.Results: After a median follow-up of 6.1 years (during 2012–2019), 392 participants developed major CVD, including 114 myocardial infarction, 119 angina, 169 stroke, and 44 heart failure. Compared with the high stable group, participants with low stable GS was associated with a higher incidence of CVD incidence [hazards ratio (HR): 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52–3.09; P &lt;0.001], myocardial infarction (HR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.05–3.83; P = 0.035), stroke (HR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.11–3.46; P = 0.020), and heart failure (HR: 6.91; 95% CI: 2.01–23.79; P = 0.002) in the fully adjusted models.Conclusions: The low GS trajectory pattern was associated with a higher risk of CVD. Continuous monitoring of GS values could help identify people at risk of CVD.

Body Mass Index Predicts Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cova ◽  
Francesca Clerici ◽  
Laura Maggiore ◽  
Simone Pomati ◽  
Valentina Cucumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prognostic Accuracy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and progression to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight MCI subjects (mean age 74.04 ± 6.94 years; 57% female) from a memory clinic were followed for 2.40 ± 1.58 years. Baseline height and weight were used to calculate the BMI. The main outcome was progression to dementia (DSM-IV criteria) and AD (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the longitudinal association of BMI with dementia and AD, adjusting for a comprehensive set of covariates, including vascular risk factors/diseases and neuroimaging profiles. Results: Out of 228 subjects with MCI, 117 (51.3%) progressed to dementia. Eighty-nine (76%) of the incident dementia cases had AD. In both unadjusted and multi-adjusted models, a higher BMI was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (multi-adjusted HR 0.9; 95% CI 0.8-0.9) and AD (multi-adjusted HR 0.9; 95% CI 0.8-0.9). Being underweight increased the risk of all types of dementia (multi-adjusted HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.1) but was not specifically associated with AD (multi-adjusted HR 2.2; 95% CI 0.9-5.3). Conclusions: BMI predicted progression of MCI to dementia and AD. In particular, a higher BMI was associated with a lower risk of dementia and AD, and underweight was associated with a higher risk of dementia. BMI assessment may improve the prognostic accuracy of MCI in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Vegetarians, fish, poultry, and meat-eaters: who has higher risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality? A prospective study from UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Solange Parra-Soto ◽  
Stuart Gray ◽  
Jana Anderson ◽  
Paul Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Aims  To compare the incidence and mortality risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [CVD and also ischaemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF)] among people with different types of diets—including vegetarians, fish eaters, fish and poultry eaters, and meat-eaters—using data from UK Biobank. Methods and results  A total of 422 791 participants (55.4% women) were included in this prospective analysis. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, four types of diets were derived. Associations between types of diets and health outcomes were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Meat-eaters comprised 94.7% of the cohort and were more likely to be obese than other diet groups. After a median follow-up of 8.5 years, fish eaters, compared with meat-eaters, had lower risks of incident CVD {hazard ratios (HR): 0.93 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.88–0.97]}, IHD [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88)], MI [HR: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56–0.88)], stroke [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63–0.98)] and HF [HR: 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63–0.97)], after adjusting for confounders. Vegetarians had lower risk of CVD incidence [HR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86–0.96)] relative to meat-eaters. In contrast, the risk of adverse outcomes was not different in fish and poultry eaters compared with meat-eaters. No associations were identified between types of diets and CVD mortality. Conclusion  Eating fish rather than meat or poultry was associated with a lower risk of a range of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Vegetarianism was only associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence.

scholarly journals Association of long-term body weight variability with dementia: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Tianjing Zhou ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
John S Ji ◽  
Liyan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Body weight variability (BWV) refers to intraindividual weight loss and gain over a period. The association of long-term BWV with dementia remains unclear and whether this association is beyond body weight change is undetermined. Methods In the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a total of 5,547 dementia-free participants (56.7% women; mean [SD] age, 71.1 [3.2] years) at baseline (2008) were followed up to 8 years (mean=6.8 years) to detect incident dementia. Body weight was self-reported biennially from 1992-2008. BWV was measured as the coefficient of variation utilizing the body weight reported 9 times across 16 years before baseline. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Among the 5,547 participants, a total of 427 incident dementia cases were identified during follow-up. Greater long-term BWV was significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia (HR comparing extreme quartiles: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.48-2.72; HR of each SD increment: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.32; P-trend&lt;0.001) independent of mean body weight and body weight change. This significant association was even observed for BWV estimated approximately 15 years preceding dementia diagnosis (HR of each SD increment: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.23) and was more pronounced for that closer to diagnosis. Conclusions Our prospective study suggested that greater BWV may be a novel risk factor for dementia.

scholarly journals Periodontal Antibodies and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Qi ◽  
Z. Zihang ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Y.M. Park ◽  
D. Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Periodontitis is positively linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and increased mortality. Empirically derived clusters of IgG antibodies against 19 selected periodontal microorganisms have been associated with hyperglycemia. We further investigated associations between these serum IgG antibody clusters and all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative US population. Participants free of CVD and cancer and aged ≥40 y at baseline ( N = 6,491) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994) were followed up until December 31, 2011. Antibodies were categorized into 4 clusters: red-green, orange-red, yellow-orange, and orange-blue. Over a 23-y follow-up, 2,702 deaths occurred, including 810 CVD-related deaths. In fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, the red-green cluster was positively associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.90, P = 0.015). The yellow-orange cluster was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.97, P = 0.028) and CVD mortality (tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.77, P = 0.005). The orange-blue cluster (composed of antibodies against Eubacterium nodatum and Actinomyces naeslundii) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.78, P < 0.0001) and CVD mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88, P = 0.007). These antibodies could predict prognosis or be potential intervention targets to prevent systemic effects of periodontal disease if further studies establish a causal relationship.

scholarly journals Advancing Stress Detection Methodology with Deep Learning Techniques Targeting UX Evaluation in AAL Scenarios: Applying Embeddings for Categorical Variables

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1550
Author(s):  
Alexandros Liapis ◽  
Evanthia Faliagka ◽  
Christos P. Antonopoulos ◽  
Georgios Keramidas ◽  
Nikolaos Voros
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
Software Failures

Physiological measurements have been widely used by researchers and practitioners in order to address the stress detection challenge. So far, various datasets for stress detection have been recorded and are available to the research community for testing and benchmarking. The majority of the stress-related available datasets have been recorded while users were exposed to intense stressors, such as songs, movie clips, major hardware/software failures, image datasets, and gaming scenarios. However, it remains an open research question if such datasets can be used for creating models that will effectively detect stress in different contexts. This paper investigates the performance of the publicly available physiological dataset named WESAD (wearable stress and affect detection) in the context of user experience (UX) evaluation. More specifically, electrodermal activity (EDA) and skin temperature (ST) signals from WESAD were used in order to train three traditional machine learning classifiers and a simple feed forward deep learning artificial neural network combining continues variables and entity embeddings. Regarding the binary classification problem (stress vs. no stress), high accuracy (up to 97.4%), for both training approaches (deep-learning, machine learning), was achieved. Regarding the stress detection effectiveness of the created models in another context, such as user experience (UX) evaluation, the results were quite impressive. More specifically, the deep-learning model achieved a rather high agreement when a user-annotated dataset was used for validation.

scholarly journals Height in Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Glioma Subtypes: a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study of 2.2 Million Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roi Tschernichovsky ◽  
Lior H Katz ◽  
Estela Derazne ◽  
Matan Ben-Zion Berliner ◽  
Maya Simchoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Glioma Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Gliomas manifest in a variety of histological phenotypes with varying aggressiveness. The etiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Taller stature in adulthood has been linked with glioma risk. The aim of this study was to discern whether this association can be detected in adolescence. Methods The cohort included 2,223,168 adolescents between the ages of 16-19. Anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline. Incident cases of glioma were extracted from the Israel National Cancer Registry over a follow-up period spanning 47,635,745 person-years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio for glioma and glioma subtypes according to height, body mass index (BMI) and sex. Results 1,195 patients were diagnosed with glioma during the study period. Mean(SD) age at diagnosis was 38.1 (11.7) years. Taller adolescent height (per 10cm increase) was positively associated with the risk for glioma of any type (HR 1.15; p=0.002). The association was retained in subgroup analyses for low-grade glioma (HR 1.17; p=0.031), high-grade glioma (HR 1.15; p=0.025), oligodendroglioma (HR 1.31; p=0.015), astrocytoma (HR 1.12; p=0.049), and a category of presumed IDH-mutated glioma (HR 1.17; p=0.013). There was a trend towards a positive association between height and glioblastoma, however this had borderline statistical significance (HR: 1.15; p=0.07). After stratification of the cohort by sex, height remained a risk factor for men, but not for women. Conclusions The previously - established association between taller stature in adulthood and glioma risk can be traced back to adolescence. The magnitude of association differs by glioma subtype.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document