Parasitology and One Health—Perspectives on Africa and Beyond

This concept paper reviews issues pertaining to parasitic and vector-borne infections, of humans, animals, or both, of topical relevance to the African continent as well as to neighbouring and interconnected geographies. This analysis is carried out through the “One Health” lens, being mindful of the central role of agriculture and livestock keeping in Africa’s sustainable development. The possible agricultural transformation that the continent may undergo to fulfil the rising demand for animal protein of its growing population, coupled with the ongoing climate changes, may lead to potentially enhanced interactions among humans, domesticated and wild animals, in a fast-changing environment. In this view, tackling parasitic conditions of livestock can prove being multidimensionally beneficial by improving animal health as well as communities’ food security, livelihood and public health. Accordingly, the value of applying the One Health approach to drug discovery and development in the fight against parasitic neglected tropical diseases and zoonoses, is also underscored. Overall, this article upholds the adoption of a holistic, global, interdisciplinary, multisectoral, harmonised and forward-looking outlook, encompassing both life and social sciences, when dealing with parasitic conditions of humans and animals, in Africa and beyond, in COVID-19 times and further.

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One Health for neglected tropical diseases

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa117 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gabrielle Laing ◽

Marco Antonio Natal Vigilato ◽

Sarah Cleaveland ◽

S M Thumbi ◽

Lucille Blumberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Animal Health ◽

World Health ◽

Shared Environment ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Road Map ◽

The One ◽

Health Organization ◽

And Control

Abstract The forthcoming World Health Organization road map for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) 2021–2030 recognises the complexity surrounding control and elimination of these 20 diseases of poverty. It emphasises the need for a paradigm shift from disease-specific interventions to holistic cross-cutting approaches coordinating with adjacent disciplines. The One Health approach exemplifies this shift, extending beyond a conventional model of zoonotic disease control to consider the interactions of human and animal health systems within their shared environment and the wider social and economic context. This approach can also promote sustainability and resilience within these systems. To achieve the global ambition on NTD elimination and control, political will, along with contextualised innovative scientific strategies, is required.

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A Scoping Review of the Effectiveness of Control Interventions of Human and Canine Rabies in an Effort to Rationalise the One Health Approach

Borneo Epidemiology Journal ◽

10.51200/bej.v1i1.2434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 16-34

Author(s):

Nur Asheila Abdul Taib ◽

Razitasham Safii

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Scoping Review ◽

One Health ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Animal Health ◽

World Health ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Canine Rabies ◽

The One ◽

Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), rabies is one of the 18 neglected tropical diseases, together with dengue, leprosy, and trachoma, among others. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, the latest estimate of annual human rabies mortality from a 2015 study is as high as 59,000 throughout 150 countries. In human rabies, more than 95% of the cases are due to dog bites, making the elimination of canine rabies a global priority by fighting the disease at its animal source. World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) have warranted the One Health framework with the objective of complete eradication of dog-related human rabies by the year 2030. In an effort to rationalise the One Health approach, this scoping review found 17 studies on assessing the effectiveness of control interventions of human and canine rabies. Different strategies were implemented based on the endemicity of rabies in a particular country. Overall, the combined strategies using the One Health approach, which allows effective participation and communication between different agencies, have shown promising results in reducing rabies cases. These strategies will hopefully realise the goal in the Global Strategic Plan to achieve zero canine-mediated human rabies death by the year 2030.

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Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-020-07033-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Springer ◽

Antje Glass ◽

Julia Probst ◽

Christina Strube

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Zoonotic Pathogens ◽

Health Concept ◽

The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

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Assessing Environmental Factors within the One Health Approach

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Sarah Humboldt-Dachroeden ◽

Alberto Mantovani

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

First Case ◽

Italian Regions ◽

Environmental Component ◽

Environmental Considerations ◽

The One

Background: One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment. However, while the One Health approach gains increasing momentum, its practical application meets hindrances. This paper investigates the environmental pillar of the One Health approach, using two case studies to highlight the integration of environmental considerations. The first case study pertains to the Danish monitoring and surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance, DANMAP. The second case illustrates the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in dairy-producing ruminants in Italian regions. Method: A scientific literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to locate articles informing the two cases. Grey literature was gathered to describe the cases as well as their contexts. Results: 19 articles and 10 reports were reviewed and informed the two cases. The cases show how the environmental component influences the apparent impacts for human and animal health. The DANMAP highlights the two approaches One Health and farm to fork. The literature provides information on the comprehensiveness of the DANMAP, but highlights some shortcomings in terms of environmental considerations. The AFM1 case, the milk metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, shows that dairy products are heavily impacted by changes of the climate as well as by economic drivers. Conclusions: The two cases show that environmental conditions directly influence the onset and diffusion of hazardous factors. Climate change, treatment of soils, water and standards in slaughterhouses as well as farms can have a great impact on the health of animals, humans and the environment. Hence, it is important to include environmental considerations, for example, via engaging environmental experts and sharing data. Further case studies will help to better define the roles of environment in One Health scenarios.

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State of the art on lung organoids in mammals

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00946-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fabienne Archer ◽

Alexandra Bobet-Erny ◽

Maryline Gomes

Keyword(s):

Lung Development ◽

One Health ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Animal Health ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Cancer Genetic ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

The One ◽

Species Specific

AbstractThe number and severity of diseases affecting lung development and adult respiratory function have stimulated great interest in developing new in vitro models to study lung in different species. Recent breakthroughs in 3-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have led to new physiological in vitro models that better mimic the lung than conventional 2D cultures. Lung organoids simulate multiple aspects of the real organ, making them promising and useful models for studying organ development, function and disease (infection, cancer, genetic disease). Due to their dynamics in culture, they can serve as a sustainable source of functional cells (biobanking) and be manipulated genetically. Given the differences between species regarding developmental kinetics, the maturation of the lung at birth, the distribution of the different cell populations along the respiratory tract and species barriers for infectious diseases, there is a need for species-specific lung models capable of mimicking mammal lungs as they are of great interest for animal health and production, following the One Health approach. This paper reviews the latest developments in the growing field of lung organoids.

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Antimicrobial multidrug resistance in the era of COVID-19: a forgotten plight?

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control ◽

10.1186/s13756-021-00893-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eric Pelfrene ◽

Radu Botgros ◽

Marco Cavaleri

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Main Body ◽

The One ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute. With resources deployed away from antimicrobial stewardship, evidence of substantial pre-emptive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients and indirectly, with deteriorating economic conditions fuelling poverty potentially impacting on levels of resistance, AMR threat remains significant. Main body In this paper, main AMR countermeasures are revisited and priorities to tackle the issue are re-iterated. The need for collaboration is stressed, acknowledging the relationship between human health, animal health and environment (“One Health” approach). Among the stated priorities, the initiative by the European Medicines Regulatory Network to further strengthen the measures in combatting AMR is highlighted. Likewise, it is asserted that other emerging health threats require global collaboration with the One Health approach offering a valuable blueprint for action. Conclusion The authors stress the importance of an integrated preparedness strategy to tackle this public health peril.

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One Health in South Asia and its challenges in implementation from stakeholder perspective

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104189 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 181 (23) ◽

pp. 626-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rojan Dahal ◽

Atul Upadhyay ◽

Benjamin Ewald

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Government Support ◽

Health Concept ◽

The Government ◽

The One ◽

Considerable Work ◽

Google Search

One Health is a concept which fosters collaborative relationships between human health, animal health and environmental health partners. Diseases are emerging and re-emerging in South Asia due to poor sanitation, close proximity of people to livestock, deforestation, porous borders, climate change, changes in human behaviour and unhygienic food preparation and consumption practices. This review was completed in two stages. First, we conducted a review of peer-reviewed literature and grey literature available in Google search engine related to One Health in four countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal). Second, we used a structured questionnaire completed by the key stakeholders working on One Health for the collection of information related to the challenges in implementing One Health. Most of the One Health activities in South Asia are determined by donor preferences. Bangladesh and India did considerable work in advancing One Health with limited support from the government agencies. Weak surveillance mechanisms, uncertain cost-effectiveness of One Health compared with the existing approach, human resources and laboratory capacity are some of the factors hindering implementation of the One Health concept. Implementation of One Health is growing in the South Asia region with limited or no government acceptance. To institutionalise it, there is a need for leadership, government support and funding.

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Philosophical Roots of the One Medicine Movement: An Analysis of Some Relevant Ideas by Rudolf Virchow and Calvin Schwabe with Their Modern Implications

Studia Philosophica Estonica ◽

10.12697/spe.2013.6.2.07 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 97-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Henrik Lerner

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Ancient Egypt ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Vector Borne ◽

The One

During the last decade there has been increasing interest in combining veterinary and human medicine, mainly in the areas of vaccination and the eradication of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. Although the roots of this "One Health-One Medicine" approach can be found in ancient Egypt and Greece, the roots of the philosophy of "one medicine" have not been so thoroughly discussed. In this paper I will analyse some ideas that could unite veterinary and human medicine, from Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) and Calvin W. Schwabe (1927-2006). Both are recognized as important theoretical founders of the philosophy of one medicine. I will also further develop these thoughts to meet some of the discussions taken place today.

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Is One Health a Viable Strategy in Animal Health Litigation: Evidence from Civil Lawsuits in China

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11092560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2560

Author(s):

Kai Wu ◽

Ying Yu ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Zheming Fu

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Sector ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Civil Lawsuit ◽

Civil Lawsuits ◽

Advantageous Position ◽

The One ◽

Judicial Protection

Several litigation strategies are used to gain support from courts in order to protect animals. While the emerging litigation strategy themed in One Health stimulates judicial protection in the animal health sector, little is known about whether and how such strategies are supported by courts. In this article, we investigate how animal welfare litigation strategies influence judge’s choices within their discretion. We argue that litigators equipped with the litigation strategy themed in One Health are placed in an advantageous position in animal health cases, but that this tendency varies markedly across zoonoses. Specifically, we suggest that litigators utilizing One Health’s litigation strategy are associated with higher probabilities to win, whereas normal litigators are not. Further, we propose that litigators equipped with the One Health litigation strategy are awarded more damages from judges. We test and find support for our predictions using a cross sectional dataset of civil lawsuit cases centering on the animal health industry in Chinese mainland. Our findings indicate that courts indeed were persuaded by the One Health litigation strategy, even when bound by the discretion rules. At the same time, we suggest that for advocates who would like to litigate for animal welfare in the animal health sector, the litigation strategy themed in One Health might have potentially positive implications.

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One health approach to tackle brucellosis: a systematic review

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00272-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mahboubeh Khaton Ghanbari ◽

Hasan Abolghasem Gorji ◽

Masoud Behzadifar ◽

Nadia Sanee ◽

Nafiul Mehedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

The Usa ◽

The One ◽

Complex Health Problems ◽

The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background Brucellosis is the most significant and common bacterial zoonosis and is recognized as a re-emerging and neglected disease. Tackling zoonosis is very important for the health and the economy. One Health is an approach characterized by the integration of human and animal health, plants, and ecosystems and encourages joining local, national, and global multidisciplinary efforts to achieve optimal levels of health and collaboration among different disciplines to address complex health problems. Objectives The present study aimed to review published scientific literature related to the use of the One Health approach to tackle human brucellosis. Methods Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched from inception until 30 January 2020. The reference lists of all relevant papers were hand-searched. Two authors extracted data from published studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Results Of 2297 studies, 10 studies were deemed eligible, which were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Studies were performed in Uganda, Malta, Serbia, Greece, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Israel, India, Ethiopia, and the USA. All studies suggested that brucellosis is still a major public health problem and that the most important aspect of the One Health approach is the interdependence of humans, ecosystems, and animals .Some studies have focused on livestock vaccination as the most effective way to prevent disease, and others have focused on the biology of Brucella infection and its transmission patterns. Some studies have pointed to the effectiveness of the One Health approach in all the phases of disease management as well as to its role in reducing health costs. Conclusion The success of the approach depends on the willingness of the decision-makers to implement the necessary policies. Due to the heterogeneity of current practices, and organizations involved in One Health approach-based programs, it will be incomplete without proper planning. To better implement the approach, strategies should be appraised and disseminated by experts and relevant stakeholders.

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