scholarly journals Antimicrobial Contribution of Chitosan Surface-Modified Nanoliposomes Combined with Colistin against Sensitive and Colistin-Resistant Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Valentina Laverde-Rojas ◽  
Yamil Liscano ◽  
Sandra Patricia Rivera-Sánchez ◽  
Ivan Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez ◽  
Yeiston Betancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Antibiotic Peptide

Colistin is a re-emergent antibiotic peptide used as a last resort in clinical practice to overcome multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Unfortunately, the dissemination of colistin-resistant strains has increased in recent years and is considered a public health problem worldwide. Strategies to reduce resistance to antibiotics such as nanotechnology have been applied successfully. In this work, colistin was characterized physicochemically by surface tension measurements. Subsequently, nanoliposomes coated with highly deacetylated chitosan were prepared with and without colistin. The nanoliposomes were characterized using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. Both physicochemical parameters fluctuated relatively to the addition of colistin and/or polymer. The antimicrobial activity of formulations increased by four-fold against clinical isolates of susceptible Pseudomona aeruginosa but did not have antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Interestingly, the free coated nanoliposomes exhibited the same antibacterial activity in both sensitive and MDR strains. Finally, the interaction of colistin with phospholipids was characterized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and determined that colistin is weakly associated with micelles constituted by zwitterionic phospholipids.

scholarly journals Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of Licochalcones A and E against MDR (Multidrug Resistant) Strains of Clinical Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Kim ◽  
Goo Yoon ◽  
Jung-Hyun Shim ◽  
Seung-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Inflata ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Potential Use

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the licochalcones A (1) and E (2) against drug resistant strains of clinical origin. The results indicate that the licochalcones had a broad inhibitory activity against tested bacteria. Compared to vancomycin and teicoplanin, these compounds provided weaker activity against non-MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus but broader activity against MRSA and VRE strains. The results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of 1 and 2 from Glycyrrhiza inflata in the treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections.

CURRENTLY USED ANTI-TUBERCULAR AGENTS, THEIR ANALOGUES AND RECENTLY DEVELOPED DRUGS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
A Mohammad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of most prevailing diseases, responsible for the morbidity and mortality of a large number of populations worldwide. Traditionally, it has relied on a limited number of drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, ethionamide and pyrazinamide. However, many of these drugs have different disadvantages such as prolonged duration of treatment, host toxicity and ineffectiveness against resistant strains. This has motivated the search of newer drug molecules, capable of rapid mycobactericidal action with shortened duration of therapy, reduced toxicity and enhanced activity against multidrug resistant strains. These observations have been guiding for the currently used and newly developed anti-tubercular agents that possess potent antimicrobial activity and their side effects, activity against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium, and also in patients co-infected with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis ofViperidaeVenoms Antibacterial Profile: a Short Communication for Proteomics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Ferreira ◽  
Dilvani O. Santos ◽  
André Luis dos Santos ◽  
Carlos R. Rodrigues ◽  
Cícero C. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Important Health ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Lachesis Muta ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Bacterial infections involving multidrug-resistant strains are one of the ten leading causes of death and an important health problem in need for new antibacterial sources and agents. Herein, we tested and compared four snake venoms (Agkistrodon rhodostoma, Bothrops jararaca, B. atrox and Lachesis muta) against 10 Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug-resistant clinical bacteria strains to identify them as new sources of potential antibacterial molecules. Our data revealed that, as efficient as some antibiotics currently on the market (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1–32 μg mL−1),A. rhodostomaandB. atroxvenoms were active againstStaphylococcus epidermidisandEnterococcus faecalis(MIC = 4.5 μg mL−1), whileB. jararacainhibitedS. aureusgrowth (MIC = 13 μg ml−1). As genomic and proteomic technologies are improving and developing rapidly, our results suggested thatA. rhodostoma, B. atroxandB. jararacavenoms and glands are feasible sources for searching antimicrobial prototypes for future design new antibiotics against drug-resistant clinical bacteria. They also point to an additional perspective to fully identify the pharmacological potential of these venoms by using different techniques.

scholarly journals Essential Oils and Non-volatile Compounds Derived from Chamaecyparis obtusa: Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity against Infectious Bacteria and MDR(multidrug resistant) Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Suk Bae ◽  
Dae-Hun Park ◽  
Chul-Yung Choi ◽  
Gye-Yeop Kim ◽  
Jin-Cheol Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa against general infectious microbes and drug resistant strains of clinical origin. The results indicate that both essential oil and non-volatile residue have broad inhibitory activity against test strains. Essential oil and non-volatile residues showed antimicrobial activity not only against general infectious bacteria, but also against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains.

scholarly journals The Biology and Role of Interleukin-32 in Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Li ◽  
Wanyan Deng ◽  
Jianping Xie
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Host Molecule ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with nearly 10.4 million new cases of incidence and over 1.7 million deaths annually. Drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, especially multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant strains, have further intensified the problem associated with tuberculosis control. Host-directed therapy is a promising alternative for tuberculosis control. IL-32 is increasingly recognized as an important host molecule against tuberculosis. In this review, we highlight the proinflammatory properties of IL-32 and the mode of action of IL-32 in mycobacterial infections to inspire the development of novel immunity-based countermeasures and host-directed therapies against tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use and Resistance Pattern in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumer Abdu Muhie
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Detection

Background. In the last decades, medicines have had an unprecedented positive effect on health, leading to reduced mortality and disease burden and consequently to an improved quality of life. The rapid and ongoing spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms threatens our ability to successfully treat a growing number of infectious diseases. In the absence of the development of new generations of antibiotic drugs, appropriate use of existing antibiotics is needed to ensure the long-term availability of effective treatment for bacterial infections. Irrational use of antibiotics is an ongoing global public health problem that deserves more attention. This review is conducted to evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic utilization and resistance to antibiotics in Ethiopia. Methods. Electronic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google was used to find published literature with reference lists of relevant articles searched manually. Titles and abstracts were initially screened for eligibility. The full texts of articles judged to be eligible were reviewed if they meet the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on important variables like the sample size, region of the study, the inappropriate antibiotic use, bacterial detection rate, multidrug resistance pattern, and more other variables. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction. Quantitative analysis was performed using STATA version 11. Results. The electronic searches identified 193 articles of which 33 were found eligible. The random-effects model was used to provide point estimates (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of bacterial detection rate, inappropriate antibiotic use, and multidrug resistance rate to account for heterogeneity. The pooled bacteria detection rate was 29.1 with 95% CI (16.6–41.7). The pooled prevalence of multidrug resistant strains identified was 59.7% (95% CI: 43.5–75.9). The pooled estimate of inappropriate antibiotic use was 49.2% (95% CI: 32.2–66.2). The pooled proportion of self-antibiotic prescription was 43.3% (95% CI: 15.7–70.9). Other reasons for inappropriate antibiotic use included a wrong indication, wrong duration, improper route of administration, use of leftover antibiotics from a family member, and immature discontinuation of antibiotics. Conclusion and Recommendations. Inappropriate antibiotic use is a huge problem in Ethiopia, and many bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and similarly, multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are numerous. Appropriate antibiotic use should be ensured by prohibiting over-the-counter sale of antibiotics and strengthening antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Cockroaches as a Source of High Bacterial Pathogens with Multidrug Resistant Strains in Gondar Town, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Kahsay Huruy ◽  
Dagnachew Muluye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

Background. Cockroaches are source of bacterial infections and this study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial profiles from cockroaches in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Methods. A total of 60 cockroaches were collected from March 1 to May 30, 2014, in Gondar town. Bacterial species were isolated from external and internal parts of cockroaches. Disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20;Pvalues <0.005 were considered as statistically significant.Results. Of 181 identified bacteria species, 110 (60.8%) and 71 (39.2%) were identified from external and internal parts of cockroaches, respectively.Klebsiella pneumoniae32 (17.7%),Escherichia coli29 (16%), andCitrobacterspp. 27 (15%) were the predominant isolates. High resistance rate was observed to cotrimoxazole, 60 (33.1%), and least resistance rate was noted to ciprofloxacin, 2 (1.1%). Additionally, 116 (64.1%) of the isolates were MDR strains;Salmonellaspp. were the leading MDR isolates (100%) followed byEnterobacter(90.5%) andShigellaspp. (76.9%).Conclusion. Cockroaches are the potential source of bacteria pathogens with multidrug resistant strains and hence effective preventive and control measures are required to minimize cockroach related infections.

Antituberculosis activities of clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
V M Reddy ◽  
G Nadadhur ◽  
D Daneluzzi ◽  
J F O'Sullivan ◽  
P R Gangadharam
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Intracellular Activities ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

In our efforts to develop new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, especially that caused by multidrug-resistant strains, we investigated clofazimine (CFM) and two of its analogs, B4154 and B4157, for their antituberculosis activities. Twenty M. tuberculosis strains were tested, including 16 drug-resistant strains (strains resistant to one or more antituberculosis drugs), for their susceptibilities to these three agents. All of the strains were found to be susceptible to B4154 and B4157, and one strain showed moderate resistance to CFM. The MICs of B4154, B4157, and CFM at which 90% of strains were inhibited were 0.25, 0.12, and < or = 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively. The intracellular activities of CFM and B4157 were superior to that of B4154. The chemotherapeutic activities of the three compounds were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. At a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight, the activity of CFM was slightly superior to that of B4157; however, both compounds prevented mortality and caused a significant reduction in the numbers of CFU in the lungs and spleens. The animals treated with B4157 showed less pigmentation than animals treated with CFM. The chemotherapeutic activity of CFM was comparable to those of rifampin and isoniazid. Complete susceptibility of multidrug-resistant strains to CFM and B4157 and the therapeutic efficacies of these compounds against mouse tuberculosis make these drugs attractive agents for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Identification, Typing, Antifungal Resistance Profile, and Biofilm Formation ofCandida albicansIsolates from Lebanese Hospital Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Bitar ◽  
Roy A. Khalaf ◽  
Houda Harastani ◽  
Sima Tokajian
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

As leading opportunistic fungal pathogens identification and subtyping ofCandidaspecies are crucial in recognizing outbreaks of infection, recognizing particularly virulent strains, and detecting the emergence of drug resistant strains. In this study our objective was to compare identification ofCandida albicansby the hospitals through the use of conventional versus identification based on the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) and to assess biofilm forming capabilities, drug resistance patterns and correlate these with MLST typing. ITS typing revealed a 21.2% hospital misidentification rate. Multidrug resistance to three drugs out of four tested was detected within 25% of the isolates raising concerns about the followed treatment regimens. Drug resistant strains as well as biofilm formers were phylogenetically related, with some isolates with significant biofilm forming capabilities being correlated to those that were multidrug resistant. Such isolates were grouped closely together in a neighbor-joining tree generated by MLST typing indicating phylogenetic relatedness, microevolution, or recurrent infection. In conclusion, this pilot study gives much needed insight concerningC. albicansisolates circulating in Lebanese hospitals and is the first study of its kind correlating biofilm formation, antifungal resistance, and evolutionary relatedness.

scholarly journals Curative Treatment of Severe Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections by a New Class of Antibiotics Targeting LpxC

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Lemaître ◽  
Xiaofei Liang ◽  
Javaria Najeeb ◽  
Chul-Jin Lee ◽  
Marie Titecat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bubonic Plague ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
New Class

ABSTRACT The infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria pose serious threats to humankind. It has been suggested that an antibiotic targeting LpxC of the lipid A biosynthetic pathway in Gram-negative bacteria is a promising strategy for curing Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, experimental proof of this concept is lacking. Here, we describe our discovery and characterization of a biphenylacetylene-based inhibitor of LpxC, an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of the lipid A component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The compound LPC-069 has no known adverse effects in mice and is effective in vitro against a broad panel of Gram-negative clinical isolates, including several multiresistant and extremely drug-resistant strains involved in nosocomial infections. Furthermore, LPC-069 is curative in a murine model of one of the most severe human diseases, bubonic plague, which is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis. Our results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of LpxC inhibitors as a new class of antibiotic against fatal infections caused by extremely virulent pathogens. The present findings also highlight the potential of LpxC inhibitors for clinical development as therapeutics for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. IMPORTANCE The rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics. Here, we describe a new class of antibiotics lacking cross-resistance with conventional antibiotics. The compounds inhibit LpxC, a key enzyme in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway in Gram-negative bacteria, and are active in vitro against a broad panel of clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli involved in nosocomial and community infections. The present study also constitutes the first demonstration of the curative treatment of bubonic plague by a novel, broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting LpxC. Hence, the data highlight the therapeutic potential of LpxC inhibitors against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial infections, including the most severe ones caused by Y. pestis and by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing strains. IMPORTANCE The rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics. Here, we describe a new class of antibiotics lacking cross-resistance with conventional antibiotics. The compounds inhibit LpxC, a key enzyme in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway in Gram-negative bacteria, and are active in vitro against a broad panel of clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli involved in nosocomial and community infections. The present study also constitutes the first demonstration of the curative treatment of bubonic plague by a novel, broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting LpxC. Hence, the data highlight the therapeutic potential of LpxC inhibitors against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial infections, including the most severe ones caused by Y. pestis and by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing strains.

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