scholarly journals Nanovaccine Delivery Approaches and Advanced Delivery Systems for the Prevention of Viral Infections: From Development to Clinical Application

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Ana Sara Cordeiro ◽  
Yogita Patil-Sen ◽  
Maitreyi Shivkumar ◽  
Ronak Patel ◽  
Abdulwahhab Khedr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vaccine Stability

Viral infections causing pandemics and chronic diseases are the main culprits implicated in devastating global clinical and socioeconomic impacts, as clearly manifested during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Immunoprophylaxis via mass immunisation with vaccines has been shown to be an efficient strategy to control such viral infections, with the successful and recently accelerated development of different types of vaccines, thanks to the advanced biotechnological techniques involved in the upstream and downstream processing of these products. However, there is still much work to be done for the improvement of efficacy and safety when it comes to the choice of delivery systems, formulations, dosage form and route of administration, which are not only crucial for immunisation effectiveness, but also for vaccine stability, dose frequency, patient convenience and logistics for mass immunisation. In this review, we discuss the main vaccine delivery systems and associated challenges, as well as the recent success in developing nanomaterials-based and advanced delivery systems to tackle these challenges. Manufacturing and regulatory requirements for the development of these systems for successful clinical and marketing authorisation were also considered. Here, we comprehensively review nanovaccines from development to clinical application, which will be relevant to vaccine developers, regulators, and clinicians.

scholarly journals The Nanosystems Involved in Treating Lung Cancer

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Andreea Crintea ◽  
Alina Gabriela Dutu ◽  
Gabriel Samasca ◽  
Ioan Alexandru Florian ◽  
Iulia Lupan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
The Many

Even though there are various types of cancer, this pathology as a whole is considered the principal cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer is known as a heterogeneous condition, and it is apparent that genome modification presents a significant role in the occurrence of this disorder. There are conventional procedures that can be utilized against diverse cancer types, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but they are hampered by the numerous side effects. Owing to the many adverse events observed in these therapies, it is imperative to continuously develop new and improved strategies for managing individuals with cancer. Nanomedicine plays an important role in establishing new methods for detecting chromosomal rearrangements and mutations for targeted chemotherapeutics or the local delivery of drugs via different types of nano-particle carriers to the lungs or other organs or areas of interest. Because of the complex signaling pathways involved in developing different types of cancer, the need to discover new methods for prevention and detection is crucial in producing gene delivery materials that exhibit the desired roles. Scientists have confirmed that nanotechnology-based procedures are more effective than conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with minor side effects. Several nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanosystems have been studied, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, micelles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, and even siRNA delivery systems. The cytotoxicity of such nanosystems is a debatable concern, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems must be improved to increase the bioavailability, biocompatibility, and safety profiles, since these nanosystems boast a remarkable potential in many biomedical applications, including anti-tumor activity or gene therapy. In this review, the nanosystems involved in treating lung cancer and its associated challenges are discussed.

Recent advances in polymer shell-oily core nanocapsules for drug delivery applications

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S AbdElhamid ◽  
Dina G Zayed ◽  
Lamia Heikal ◽  
Sherine N Khattab ◽  
Omar Y Mady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Polymer Shell ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Different Types

Polymeric nanocapsules are vesicular drug delivery systems composed of an inner oily reservoir surrounded by polymeric membranes. Nanocapsules have various advantages over other nanovesicular systems such as providing controlled drug release properties. We discuss the recent advances in polymeric shell-oily core nanocapsules, illustrating the different types of polymers used and their implementation. Nanocapsules can be utilized for many purposes, especially encapsulation of highly lipophilic drugs. They have been shown to have variable applications, especially in cancer therapy, due to the ability of the polymeric shell to direct the loaded drugs to their target sites, as well as their high internalization efficacy. Those productive applications guaranteed their high potential as drug delivery systems. However, their clinical development is still in an early stage.

scholarly journals Extraction and Nano-Sized Delivery Systems for Phlorotannins to Improve Its Bioavailability and Bioactivity

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Tianjian Tong ◽  
Xiaoyang Liu ◽  
Chenxu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Anti Inflammation

This review aims to provide an informative summary of studies on extraction and nanoencapsulation of phlorotannins to improve their bioavailability and bioactivity. The origin, structure, and different types of phlorotannins were briefly discussed, and the extraction/purification/characterization methods for phlorotannins were reviewed, with a focus on techniques to improve the bioactivities and bioavailability of phlorotannins via nano-sized delivery systems. Phlorotannins are promising natural polyphenol compounds that have displayed high bioactivities in several areas: anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antioxidant. This review aims to provide a useful reference for researchers working on developing better utilization strategies for phlorotannins as pharmaceuticals, therapeuticals, and functional food supplements.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology in Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alcides Almeida de Arruda ◽  
Cinthia Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
Carina Silva de Paula ◽  
Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira ◽  
Amália Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Oral Analgesia

Introduction: Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field that encompasses the development, manipulation, and application of structures on the nanometer scale. Applications of nanotechnology to dentistry are particularly promising and comprise materials and devices designed to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Objective: This review discusses the advantages of nanotechnology and the different types of nanostructures used in dentistry. Material and Method: In this study, online databases: pubmed, medline and scielo were searched to analyse the current understanding of the potential of nanotechnology in dentistry, including the restoration of tooth structure with nanocomposites and the development of nanoparticles for dentin remineralisation, drug delivery, disease diagnostics, oral analgesia, oral hygiene maintenance, local anaesthesia, tooth desensitisation, and bone tissue repair. Results: The study demonstrated a wide range of nanotechnological strategies in different dentistry areas and suggests that nanotechnology-based delivery systems may be very useful to improve treatment, prevention and repair in dentistry in the future. Conclusion: There is little or no clinical experience for the nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems cited herein. Safety assessments and clinical trials are the next step in their development.Descriptors: Nanotechnology; Dental Research; Biocompatible Materials.

scholarly journals Nano Drug Delivery Platforms for Dental Application: Infection Control and TMJ Management—A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4175
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lal ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Afsheen Maqsood ◽  
Ruba K. Al-Qaisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

The oral cavity is an intricate environment subjected to various chemical, physical, and thermal injuries. The effectiveness of the local and systemically administered drugs is limited mainly due to their toxicities and poor oral bioavailability that leads to the limited effectiveness of the drugs in the target tissues. To address these issues, nanoparticle drug delivery systems based on metals, liposomes, polymeric particles, and core shells have been developed in recent years. Nano drug delivery systems have applications in the treatment of patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disorders such as preventing degeneration of cartilage in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and alleviating the pain along with it. The antibacterial dental applications of nano-drug delivery systems such as silver and copper-based nanoparticles include these agents used to arrest dental caries, multiple steps in root canal treatment, and patients suffering from periodontitis. Nanoparticles have been used in adjunct with antifungals to treat oral fungal infections such as candida albicans in denture wearers. Acyclovir being the most commonly used antiviral has been used in combination with nanoparticles against an array of viral infections such as the herpes simplex virus. Nanoparticles based combination agents offer more favorable drug release in a controlled manner along with efficient delivery at the site of action. This review presents an updated overview of the recently developed nanoparticles delivery systems for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders along with the treatment of different oral infections.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic impacts with the implementation of the railroad EF-118 RJ/ES: comparison of cargo logistics at the Port of Açu

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e995998389
Author(s):  
Matheus Novaes Valinho ◽  
Jhenifer Terezinha Aparecida Mattos Cescon ◽  
Ana Paula Roem Simoni ◽  
Lucília de Lourdes Pellozo Zambrotti
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Considerable Advantage ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Approximate Cost ◽  
The Cost

Since the beginning of operations in 2014, Port of Açu has shown significant growth in relation to cargo handling, with all demand dependent on road transport. However, there is a proposal for the implementation of the EF-118 railway that would interconnect Rio de Janeiro and Vitória, serving the region of Port. This work seeks to economically evaluate the advantages of the implementation of the railway modal compared to the roadway already used in the region. Due to the intense flow of cargo in the Industrial-Port Complex, the possibility of building a new highway, the RJ-244, is being studied, extending from the industrial district to BR-101. For this purpose, surveys were conducted to determine the average daily volume of vehicles circulating in the region, in addition to the different types of cargo transported and their relationship with Port. Based on the information collected in the Traffic Studies Report issued, it was possible to relate data and achieve at the value of the average annual daily volume for each category of cargo handled in the Port. Bearing in mind that in 2019, Port of Açu handled approximately 751 thousand tons of cargo and analyzing the estimated costs by ABIFER for road and rail transport, the approximate cost values for each one per ton of cargo per kilometer were reached. Comparing values, it is possible to notice that the cost of transporting cargo by rail corresponds to about 16.6% of the amount spent on transporting of the same weight of cargo by road, which means a considerable advantage for its implementation.

Dual-sensitive dual-prodrug nanoparticles with light-controlled endo/lysosomal escape for synergistic photoactivated chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin Huang ◽  
Hongtong Lu ◽  
Shasha He ◽  
Qingfei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents

The clinical application of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, represented by cisplatin, is limited by severe side effects. So, it is essential to explore more safer and controlled drug delivery systems for...

scholarly journals Alginate-Based Platforms for Cancer-Targeted Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Lili He ◽  
Zhenghui Shang ◽  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
Zhi-xiang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Targeting ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Potential Use

As an acidic, ocean colloid polysaccharide, alginate is both a biopolymer and a polyelectrolyte that is considered to be biocompatible, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biodegradable. A significant number of studies have confirmed the potential use of alginate-based platforms as effective vehicles for drug delivery for cancer-targeted treatment. In this review, the focus is on the formation of alginate-based cancer-targeted delivery systems. Specifically, some general chemical and physical properties of alginate and different types of alginate-based delivery systems are discussed, and various kinds of alginate-based carriers are introduced. Finally, recent innovative strategies to functionalize alginate-based vehicles for cancer targeting are described to highlight research towards the optimization of alginate.

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