scholarly journals Nonreciprocal and Topological Plasmonics

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Kunal Shastri ◽  
Mohamed Ismail Abdelrahman ◽  
Francesco Monticone
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
External Bias ◽  
Surface Wave Propagation ◽  
External Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Strong Confinement

Metals, semiconductors, metamaterials, and various two-dimensional materials with plasmonic dispersion exhibit numerous exotic physical effects in the presence of an external bias, for example an external static magnetic field or electric current. These physical phenomena range from Faraday rotation of light propagating in the bulk to strong confinement and directionality of guided modes on the surface and are a consequence of the breaking of Lorentz reciprocity in these systems. The recent introduction of relevant concepts of topological physics, translated from condensed-matter systems to photonics, has not only given a new perspective on some of these topics by relating certain bulk properties of plasmonic media to the surface phenomena, but has also led to the discovery of new regimes of truly unidirectional, backscattering-immune, surface-wave propagation. In this article, we briefly review the concepts of nonreciprocity and topology and describe their manifestation in plasmonic materials. Furthermore, we use these concepts to classify and discuss the different classes of guided surface modes existing on the interfaces of various plasmonic systems.

Physical Realization of Generic-Element Parameters in Model Updating

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ahmadian ◽  
J. E. Mottershead ◽  
M. I. Friswell
Keyword(s):  
Model Updating ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Physical Realization ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Stiffness Matrices ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of parameters is most important to successful updating of finite element models. When the parameters are chosen on the basis of engineering understanding the model predictions are brought into agreement with experimental observations, and the behavior of the structure, even when differently configured, can be determined with confidence. Physical phenomena may be misrepresented in the original model, or may be absent altogether. In any case the updated model should represent an improved physical understanding of the structure and not simply consist of unrepresentative numbers which happen to cause the results of the model to agree with particular test data. The present paper introduces a systematic approach for the selection and physical realization of updated terms. In the realization process, the discrete equilibrium equation formed by mass, and stiffness matrices is converted to a continuous form at each node. By comparing the resulting differential equation with governing equations known to represent physical phenomena, the updated terms and their physical effects can be recognized. The approach is demonstrated by an experimental example.

A new perspective on the electron transfer: recovering the Butler–Volmer equation in non-equilibrium thermodynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (36) ◽  
pp. 24966-24983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Dreyer ◽  
Clemens Guhlke ◽  
Rüdiger Müller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Asymptotic Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Butler–Volmer equations can be recovered from a complete non-equilibrium thermodynamic model by application of asymptotic analysis. Thereby we gain insight into the coupling of different physical phenomena and can derive Butler–Volmer equations for very different materials and electrochemical systems.

scholarly journals Engineering Epitaxial Silicene on Functional Substrates for Nanotechnology

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Grazianetti ◽  
Alessandro Molle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
High Momentum ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Optical Techniques ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials

Two-dimensional materials are today a solid reality in condensed matter physics due to the disruptive discoveries about graphene. The class of the X-enes, namely, graphene-like single element artificial crystals, is quickly emerging driven by the high-momentum generated by silicene. Silicene, in addition to the graphene properties, shows up incidentally at the end of Moore’s law debate in the electronic era. Indeed, silicene occurs as the crafted shrunk version of silicon long yearned by device manufacturers to improve the performances of their chips. Despite the periodic table kinship with graphene, silicene and the X-enes must deal with the twofold problem of their metastable nature, i.e., the stabilization on a substrate and out of vacuum environment. Synthesis on different substrates and deep characterization through electronic and optical techniques of silicene in the early days have been now following by the tentative steps towards reliable integration of silicene into devices. Here, we review three paradigmatic cases of silicene grown by molecular beam epitaxy showing three different possible applications, aiming at extending the exploitation of silicene out of the nanoelectronics field and thus keeping silicon a key player in nanotechnology, just in a thinner fashion.

Newtonian quantum gravity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Georg Ziefle
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
First Time

Newtonian Quantum Gravity (NQG) unifies quantum physics with Newton's theory of gravity and calculates the so-called “general relativistic” phenomena more precisely and in a much simpler way than General Relativity, whose complicated theoretical construct is no longer needed. Newton's theory of gravity is less accurate than Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Famous examples are the precise predictions of General Relativity at binary pulsars. This is the reason why relativistic physicists claim that there can be no doubt that Einstein's theory of relativity correctly describes our physical reality. With the example of the famous “Hulse-Taylor binary” (also known as PSR 1913 + 16 or PSR B1913 + 16), the author proves that the so-called “general relativistic phenomena” observed at this binary solar system can be calculated without having any knowledge on relativistic physics. According to philosophical and epistemological criteria, this should not be possible, if Einstein's theory of relativity indeed described our physical reality. Einstein obviously merely developed an alternative method to calculate these phenomena without quantum physics. The reason was that in those days quantum physics was not yet generally taken into account. It is not the first time that a lack of knowledge of the underlying physical phenomena has to be compensated by complicated mathematics. Einstein's theory of general relativity indirectly already includes additional quantum physical effects of gravitation. This is the reason why it cannot be possible to unite Einstein's theory of general relativity with quantum physics, unless one uses “mathematical tricks” that make the additional quantum physical effects disappear again in the end.

Characterization of Nanophase Particle Aggregates by Transmission Electron Microscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 425-426
Author(s):  
G. Gonzalez ◽  
A. Freites ◽  
C. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Particle Aggregates ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
New Perspective

In the last few years there has been a growing interest in nanoparticles and nanophase materials. Nanoparticles are considered to be a new state of the condensed matter due to the high relation of atoms in the surface respect to the number of atoms in the volume, and their properties are neither those of atoms nor those of bulk materials.There are many interesting questions still to be answered and processes to be understood, from nucleation and growth processes to propertiesIn the present work we report the results of the fabrication of Mo, MoW and MoNi, particles by d.c. sputtering, under different pressures, from 0.2 torr to 0.8 torr. Their morphology, size distribution, aggregation and structure has been studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy.We analyzed our results contrasting them with those of Chow 1,2 and Birringer 3 and try to explain with a new perspective the formation mechanism of the particles, and the dependence of particle size with Ar pressure.

scholarly journals OPERATING CONDITIONS OF SPACE CHIPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zolnikov ◽  
N. Gamzatov ◽  
I. Strukov ◽  
M. Solodilov ◽  
Ekaterina Grosheva
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
New Models ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The issues of creating modern microelectronics for special purposes and the conditions of its operation are considered. The trends in the development of space-purpose microcircuits and their influence on radiation resistance are determined. The paper presents the main physical phenomena that dominate among the radiation effects in recent years. Reducing the characteristic sizes of VLSI elements leads to the appearance of new physical effects, for which it is necessary to develop new models, or improve existing ones.

scholarly journals NEW INTERPRETATION OF SKYRME THEORY

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. CHO ◽  
B. S. PARK ◽  
P. M. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Decay Width ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Magnetic Vortex ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective

Based on the proposal that the Skyrme theory is a theory of monopole we provide a new interpretation of Skyrme theory, that the theory can also be viewed as an effective theory of strong interaction which is dual to QCD, where the monopoles (not the quarks) are confined through the Meissner effect. This dual picture leads us to predict the existence of a topological glueball in QCD, a chromoelectric knot which is dual to the chromomagnetic knot in Skyrme theory, whose mass and decay width are estimated to be around 60 GeV and 8 GeV. As importantly, the existence of the magnetic vortex and knot in Skyrme theory strongly indicates that the theory could also be interpreted to describe a very interesting low energy condensed matter physics in a completely different environment. These new interpretations of Skyrme theory puts the theory in a totally new perspective.

scholarly journals Making van der Waals Heterostructures Assembly Accessible to Everyone

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Martanov ◽  
Natalia K. Zhurbina ◽  
Mikhail V. Pugachev ◽  
Aliaksandr I. Duleba ◽  
Mark A. Akmaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Van Der Waals Heterostructures ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Retail Services

Van-der Waals heterostructures assembled from one or few atomic layer thickness crystals are becoming increasingly more popular in condensed matter physics. These structures are assembled using transfer machines, those are based on mask aligners, probe stations or are home-made. For many laboratories it is vital to build a simple, convenient and universal transfer machine. In this paper we discuss the guiding principles for the design of such a machine, review the existing machines and demonstrate our own construction, that is powerful and fast-in-operation. All components of this machine are extremely cheap and can be easily purchased using common online retail services. Moreover, assembling a heterostructure out of exfoliated commercially available hexagonal boron nitride and tungsten diselenide crystals with a pick-up technique and using the microphotolumenescence spectra, we show well-resolved exciton and trion lines, as a results of disorder suppression in WSe2 monolayer. Our results thus show that technology of the two-dimensional materials and heterostructures becomes accessible to anyone.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of Chiral Chemical Potential and Its Physical Effects

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2095
Author(s):  
Li-Kang Yang ◽  
Xiao-Feng Luo ◽  
Jorge Segovia ◽  
Hong-Shi Zong
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Chiral Anomaly ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Quark Stars ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
First Time ◽  
Natural Laboratory ◽  
Right And Left Hand

Nontrivial topological gluon configuration is one of the remarkable features of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Due to chiral anomaly, the chiral imbalance between right- and left-hand quarks can be induced by the transition of the nontrivial gluon configurations between different vacuums. In this review, we will introduce the origin of the chiral chemical potential and its physical effects. These include: (1) the chiral imbalance in the presence of strong magnetic and related physical phenomena; (2) the influence of chiral chemical potential on the QCD phase structure; and (3) the effects of chiral chemical potential on quark stars. Moreover, we propose for the first time that quark stars are likely to be a natural laboratory for testing the destruction of strong interaction CP.

scholarly journals ESPINTRÓNICA, LA ELECTRONICA DEL ESPÍN SPINTRONICS, SPIN ELECTRONICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Elmer Monteblanco ◽  
Christian Ortiz Pauyac ◽  
Williams Savero ◽  
J. Carlos RojasSanchez ◽  
A. Schuhl
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Tunneling Magnetoresistance ◽  
Magnetization Dynamics ◽  
Spin Electronics ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
New Perspective

En la actualidad el desarrollo de la tecnología nos ha conducido a elaborar dispositivos nanométricos capaces de almacenar y procesar información. Estos dispositivos serían difíciles de imaginar en la electrónica, la cual se basa en la manipulación de la carga eléctrica del electrón. Sin embargo, gracias a los avances en la física teórica y experimental en el campo de la materia condensada, estos dispositivos ya son una realidad, perteneciendo a lo que actualmente se denomina la electrónica del espín o espintrónica, la cual basa su funcionalidad en el control del espín del electrón, una propiedad que sólo puede ser concebida a nivel cuántico. En el presente artículo revisaremos esta nueva perspectiva, describiendo la Magnetorresistencia Gigante y de Efecto Túnel, la transferencia de momento de espín y sus respectivas aplicaciones como son las memorias MRAM, nano-osciladores y válvulas laterales de espín. Palabras clave.- Espintrónica, Magnetorresistencia, GMR, TMR, MRAM, Nano-osciladores, dinámica de magnetización, Efecto Hall de spin, Transferencia de torque de spin. ABSTRACTCurrent technology seeks to develop nanoscale devices capable of storing and processing information. These devices would be difficult to make in the area of electronics, which is based on the manipulation of electric charge. However, thanks to advances in experimental and theoretical physics in the field of condensed matter, these devices are already a reality, belonging to the field of what we now call spintronics, which bases its functionality on the control of the electron’s spin, a property that can only be conceived at the quantum level. In this article we review this new perspective, describing giant- and tunneling- magnetoresistance, the spin transfer torque, and their applications such as MRAM memories, nano-oscillators and lateral spin valves. Keywords.- Spintronics, Magnetoresistance, GMR, TMR, MRAM, Nano-oscillators, Magnetization dynamics, Spin Hall effect, Spin transfer torque.

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