scholarly journals Evolution of Plant Virus Diagnostics Used in Australian Post Entry Quarantine

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Mark Whattam ◽  
Adrian Dinsdale ◽  
Candace E. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Virus Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
High Level ◽  
Safe Access

As part of a special edition for MDPI on plant virology in Australia, this review provides a brief high-level overview on the evolution of diagnostic techniques used in Australian government Post-Entry Quarantine (PEQ) facilities for testing imported plants for viruses. A comprehensive range of traditional and modern diagnostic approaches have historically been employed in PEQ facilities using bioassays, serological, and molecular techniques. Whilst these techniques have been effective, they are time consuming, resource intensive and expensive. The review highlights the importance of ensuring the best available science and diagnostic developments are constantly tested, evaluated, and implemented by regulators to ensure primary producers have rapid and safe access to new genetics to remain productive, sustainable and competitive.

scholarly journals Application of Oxford Nanopore Technology to Plant Virus Detection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Lia W. Liefting ◽  
David W. Waite ◽  
Jeremy R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Plant Virus Detection ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Virus Diagnostics ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Read Accuracy

The adoption of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing as a tool in plant virology has been relatively slow despite its promise in more recent years to yield large quantities of long nucleotide sequences in real time without the need for prior amplification. The portability of the MinION and Flongle platforms combined with lowering costs and continued improvements in read accuracy make ONT an attractive method for both low- and high-scale virus diagnostics. Here, we provide a detailed step-by-step protocol using the ONT Flongle platform that we have developed for the routine application on a range of symptomatic post-entry quarantine and domestic surveillance plant samples. The aim of this methods paper is to highlight ONT’s feasibility as a valuable component to the diagnostician’s toolkit and to hopefully stimulate other laboratories towards the eventual goal of integrating high-throughput sequencing technologies as validated plant virus diagnostic methods in their own right.

scholarly journals Are Nanobiosensors an Improved Solution for Diagnosis of Leishmania?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Sona Jain ◽  
Wanessa Santana ◽  
Silvio S. Dolabella ◽  
André L. S. Santos ◽  
Eliana B. Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Signal Improvement ◽  
Adequate Management

Leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases affecting 12–15 million people worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease is important for its adequate management and treatment. Several techniques are available for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Among these, parasitological and immunological tests are most widely used. However, in most cases, the utilized diagnostic techniques are not good enough, showing cross-reactivity and reduced accuracy. In recent years, many new methods have been reported with potential for improved diagnosis. This review focuses on the diagnosis of Leishmania exploring the biosensors and nanotechnology-based options for their detection. New developments including the use of nanomaterials as fluorophores, fluorescence quenchers as reducing agents and as dendrimers for signal improvement and amplification, together with the use of aptamers to replace antibodies are described. Future research opportunities to overcome the current limitations on the available diagnostic approaches are also discussed.

scholarly journals Novel Blood Biomarkers for an Earlier Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiavax Rao ◽  
Andrew J. Boileau
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition associated with neurofibrillary tangles and cortical deposition of amyloid plaques. Clinical presentation of the disease involves manifestations such as memory loss, cognitive decline and dementia with some of the earliest reported deficits being episodic memory impairment and olfactory dysfunction. Current diagnostic approaches rely on autopsy characterization of gross brain pathology, or brain imaging of biomarkers late in the disease course. The aim of this literature review is to identify and compare newly emerging and novel CSF, serum and mucosal biomarkers, with the potential of making an earlier clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Utilizing such techniques may allow for earlier therapeutic intervention, reduction of disability and enhancement of quality of life. Literature review and analysis was performed by screening the PubMed database for relevant studies within the past 5 years. All studies showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in testing between AD patients and controls. Two categories of serum biomarkers (redox-reactive antiphospholipid antibodies and microRNAs) and an olfactory mucosal marker (microRNA-206) could discriminate between early AD patients and controls with high sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, certain studies have shown promising results with high sensitivity and specificity, high discriminative potential for Alzheimer’s disease early in its progression, and statistically significant results in larger study samples. Utilization of such diagnostic techniques should increase the efficacy of making an earlier clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals An insight into biosecurity plant-disease diagnostics at MPI

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Robert K. Taylor ◽  
Merje Toome-Heller ◽  
Wellcome W.H. Ho ◽  
Brett J.R. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Work

The Mycology and Bacteriology team of the Ministry for Primary Industries’ Plant Health and Environment Laboratory is responsible for the identification and verification of all suspected exotic, new, and emerging pathogens affecting plants and the environment in New Zealand. We work in an applied diagnostic environment where results can have significant implications for biosecurity. Sample submissions often result in detection of new to New Zealand fungi and bacteria on plants for which information on fungal and bacterial associations is generally sparse. The complexity of testing required is quite varied with samples being submitted from post entry quarantine (looking for a known pathogen using specific tests), border or surveillance (unknown pathogens requiring multiple tests), or a biosecurity response (scaling up to test large numbers, identification resolution required to strain level). Applied test methods depend largely on the sample type and consist of morphological identification, biochemical testing, pathogenicity testing, serological and molecular techniques, including high throughput sequencing. A profile of our diagnostic work and the most commonly detected taxa and host associations are presented.

scholarly journals Application properties of methods for fault detection and isolation in the diagnosis of complex large-scale processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Kościelny ◽  
M. Syfert
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The survey presents a selection of the methods of the fault detection and isolation suitable to be useful for the diagnostics of the complex, large scale industrial processes. The paper focuses on these methods that have appropriately high level of potential applicability in industrial practice. The novelty of the paper relies on the discussion of the dependency of the level of knowledge about diagnosed process and recommended diagnostic approaches. Appropriate recommendations were given in the convenient form of the table

Diagnosis of melioidosis: the role of molecular techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-288
Author(s):  
Ian Gassiep ◽  
Delaney Burnard ◽  
Michelle J Bauer ◽  
Robert E Norton ◽  
Patrick N Harris
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Future Utility

Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease with an estimated global burden of 4.64 million disability-adjusted life years per year. A major determinant related to poor disease outcomes is delay to diagnosis due to the fact that identification of the causative agent Burkholderia pseudomallei may be challenging. Over the last 25 years, advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have resulted in the potential for rapid and accurate organism detection and identification direct from clinical samples. While these methods are not yet routine in clinical practice, laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases is transitioning to culture-independent techniques. This review article aims to evaluate molecular methods for melioidosis diagnosis direct from clinical samples and discuss current and future utility and limitations.

Diagnostics of perceptive and emotional components of psychological readiness for selfregulation of professional activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Emelyanenkova ◽  
S. B. Gnedova
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Signal ◽  
High Level

Psychological readiness is a complex phenomenon that includes a variety of motivational and regulatory components, a system of cognitive patterns of future activities and working conditions, predictive assessments, as well as managing your own emotional reactions. In the professional field of «Man-Technique», the subject of labor, managing a complex technical system, must have a high level of stress tolerance and self-regulation, which gives particular importance to the problem of professional diagnosis and selection. Subjective criteria can catch the «subtle» emotional experiences, the nuances of cognitive-affective processes that simultaneously occur in the psyche of the individual. Objective criteria — often require a rather expensive research procedure. In this regard, diagnostic techniques that combine efficiency and short duration with validity criteria are most in demand. To test the assumptions of their effectiveness, a study was conducted of psychological readiness for professional activity among novice drivers, as well as among cadets-pilots of civil aviation who begin training flight training. Samples «Falling words», «Manifest words» study the perceptual mechanisms underlying the subject’s interpretation of the situation as potentially stressful, diagnosing perceptive alertness / protection. A professional who has a high willingness to interpret the received signals as stressful will recognize these words faster, which will be reflected in the objective criterion — a short signal recognition time. A comparison of the data with the results of the coping tests revealed that for novice drivers, perceptual vigilance prevails over perceptual protection. More experienced drivers often discharge suppressed emotions (usually hostility, anger), directing them to objects that are less dangerous or more accessible than those that caused negative emotions and feelings. The psychological readiness for training flights among cadets needs an additional study of perceptual and emotional components that will be used in self-regulation of resistance to emotional and psychological stress associated with upcoming professional activities.

scholarly journals Mutations ingyrAandgyrBamong Fluoroquinolone- and Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2090-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yien Chien ◽  
Wei-Yih Chiu ◽  
Shun-Tien Chien ◽  
Chia-Jung Chiang ◽  
Chong-Jen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTIn order to correlate the mutations inside the entiregyrAandgyrBgenes with the level of resistance to ofloxacin (OFX) and moxifloxacin (MFX) in isolates of multidrug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(MDR-TB), a total of 111 isolates were categorized into OFX-susceptible (MIC, ≤2 μg/ml) and low-level (MIC, 4 to 8 μg/ml) and high-level (MIC, ≥16 μg/ml) OFX-resistant isolates and MFX-susceptible (MIC, ≤0.5 μg/ml) and low-level (MIC, 1 to 2 μg/ml) and high-level (MIC, ≥4 μg/ml) MFX-resistant isolates. Resistance-associated mutations inside thegyrAgene were found in 30.2% of OFX-susceptible and 72.5% and 72.2% of low-level and high-level OFX-resistant isolates and in 28.6% of MFX-susceptible and 58.1% and 83.9% of low-level and high-level MFX-resistant isolates. Compared with OFX-susceptible isolates, low-level and high-level OFX-resistant isolates had a significantly higher prevalence of mutations atgyrAcodons 88 to 94 (17.0%, 65.0%, and 72.2%, respectively;P< 0.001) and a higher prevalence of thegyrBG512R mutation (0.0%, 2.5%, and 16.7%, respectively;P= 0.006). Similarly, compared with MFX-susceptible isolates, low-level and high-level MFX-resistant isolates had a significantly higher prevalence of mutations atgyrAcodons 88 to 94 (14.3%, 51.6%, and 80.6%, respectively;P< 0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of thegyrBG512R mutation (0.0%, 0.0%, and 12.9%, respectively;P= 0.011). D94G and D94N mutations ingyrAand the G512R mutation ingyrBwere correlated with high-level MFX resistance, while the D94A mutation was associated with low-level MFX resistance. The prevalence of mutations atgyrAcodons 88 to 94 and thegyrBG512R mutation were higher among fluoroquinolone (FQ)-susceptible East Asian (Beijing) and Indo-Oceanic strains than they were among Euro-American strains, implying that molecular techniques to detect FQ resistance may be less specific in areas with a high prevalence of East Asian (Beijing) and Indo-Oceanic strains.

scholarly journals Male infertility: biomolecular aspects

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
Alessandro Bertoldo ◽  
Carlo Foresta
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Near Future

AbstractMale infertility is a problem that faces increasing interest, and the continuous development of assisted reproduction techniques solicits attempts to identify a precise diagnosis, in particular for idiopathic infertile couples and those undergoing assisted reproductive technique cycles. To date, diagnosis of male infertility is commonly based on standard semen analysis, but in many cases, this is not enough to detect any sperm abnormality. A better understanding of biomolecular issues and mechanism of damaged spermatogenesis and the refinement of the molecular techniques for sperm evaluation and selection are important advances that can lead to the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic management of male and couple infertility. Faced with a growing number of new proposed techniques and diagnostic tests, it is fundamental to know which tests are already routinely used in the clinical practice and those that are likely to be used in the near future. This review focuses on the main molecular diagnostic techniques for male infertility and on newly developed methods that will probably be part of routine sperm analysis in the near future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document