scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. Isolates in Cocoa Seed Treatment and Seedling Production

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Willian Nogueira de Sousa ◽  
Nayane Fonseca Brito ◽  
Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽  
Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽  
Denise Castro Lustosa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Isolates of Trichoderma spp., a soil fungus, has been used to control diseases and promote plant growth, reducing the use of chemicals in the production of seedlings of different plant species. We evaluated the effect of some Trichoderma spp. isolates on seed treatment and seedling production of Theobromacacao. Five isolates from the Amazon region were tested. In laboratory, the following variables were evaluated for seed treatments: germination, germination speed index, radicle and hypocotyl lengths, and fungi incidence. In nursery, the following forms of application were tested: via seeds; in the substrate at pre-planting; monthly in post-planting substrate, and also their combination. The following was evaluated: height, diameter, number of leaves, root length, leaf area, and shoot dry mass and root system. Inoculation with Trichoderma increased the length of the radicle and hypocotyl and showed no fungi in the seeds. In seedlings, some treatments increased height and plant root dry mass. The use of Trichoderma was beneficial for seeds and appeared favorable for T. cacao production.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators in the germination of Diospyros hispida A. DC. (EBENACEAE) seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e27110212471
Author(s):  
Aline Bueno Ramalho ◽  
Lúcia Filgueiras Braga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Plant growth regulators in the germination of Diospyros hispida A. DC. (Ebenaceae) Seed. Diospyros hispida species is a native fruit that has long germination period, hindering seedling production. The aim of this work was to evaluate the germination of Diospyros hispida seeds under the effect of gibberellic acid and biostimulant applications. Four replicates of 25 seeds per treatment were used. Treatments were: T1 - distilled water, T2, T3 and T4 - GA3 solutions at 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, respectively, T5 - Immersion for 24 hours in distilled water with aeration, T6, T7 and T8 - Immersion for 24 hours in aerated GA3 solutions at 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, respectively, T9, T10 and T11 - biostimulant application (containing auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin) at 3, 5 and 7 ml kg-1 of seeds. Germination rate, mean germination time, germination speed index, synchronization index, relative germination frequency, normal seedlings, root length, shoot length and seedling dry mass were evaluated. The effect of gibberellic acid and biostimulant containing auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin negatively influenced Diospyros hispida germination under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Biostimulants isolated or integrated with paclobutrazol as tomato development triggering factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Talles Victor Silva ◽  
Hyrandir Cabral de Melo ◽  
Monita Fiori de Abreu Tarazi ◽  
Luis Carlos Cunha Junior ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Plant biostimulants are substances with different chemistry or biological composition whose, when applied to plants, can favour their development mainly by enhance nutrient uptake or nutrition efficiency and also can alter plant hormonal balance. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a retardant plant growth regulator which promotes reduction on stem internodes culminating in shorter plants. The integration of both, biostimulants and PBZ, can lead better development of plants by at same time favour the nutrition performance of shorter plants. Although some farmers already have used these substances in crop field, alone or in combination, there is a great lack of scientific studies to verify the real efficiency of the biostimulants available in market. The aim of this study was to study the effect of different biostimulants on the morphometrical and physiological aspects of tomato when applied in combination or not with paclobutrazol in Solanum lycopersicum L., hybrid H9553. The biostimulants used were Stimulate®, Serenade®, EnerVig®, Px-Fertil®, Vorax®, Liqui-plex® and DuoOrgano+®. PBZ reduced plant height and, unlike expected, no one of the biostimulants favoured volume increase or dry mass of roots. However, all biostimulants favoured the accumulation of leaf dry mass, with no increase in the number of leaves or net photosynthetic rate per specific leaf area. When isolated, or in interaction with biostimulants, the PBZ generated stimulatory or inhibitory effect on expression of the parameters evaluated, depending on the organ and its age, and acted in synergism or antagonism with the biostimulants, depending on the substance in question.

scholarly journals Bacterial Formulations in Induction of Resistance and Growth Promotion of Tomato Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
José R. M. Campos Neto ◽  
Rafael Ribeiro Chaves ◽  
Diogo Herison Silva Sardinha ◽  
Luiz Gustavo de Lima Melo ◽  
Antônia Alice Costa Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment with fresh suspensions and powder formulations with Bacillus methylotrophicus to promote plant growth and induction of resistance against fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions, verifying the occurrence of morphological and biochemical changes in the evaluated plants. Powder formulations based on Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and sodium alginate containing Bacillus, in addition to the commercial product Quartz®, were used to microbiolize the tomato seeds of the cultivar Santa Cruz. The formulations promoted plant growth, with a seedling vigor index greater than 50% for all treatments containing B. mthylotrophicus, in addition to a significant increase in total dry matter. The treatments induced systemic resistance, controlling the fusarium wilt with a 75% reduction of the disease and activation of enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, only β-1,3-glucanase presented less activity than controls (treatments without B. mthylotrophicus). Thus, the use of formulations containing Bacillus are efficient in promoting plant growth of tomato plants and in inducing resistance to the control of fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Domestication De Thunbergia Atacorensis Akoegninou & Lisowski (Acanthaceae) : Effet Du Type De Substrat Et Du Mode D’eclairement Sur L’aptitude A La Reprise Vegetative Des Boutures Et La Croissance Des Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Asseh Ebah Estelle ◽  
Ake-Assi Emma ◽  
Koffi Kouao Jean ◽  
Kouassi Akossoua Faustine ◽  
N’guessan Kouakou Edouard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade

We studied the possibility of producing seedlings of Thunbergia atacorensis (Acanthaceae) starting from cuttings under controlled cultivation conditions during 3 months. The objective of this work is to determine the optimal conditions for seedling production Thunbergia atacorensis by vegetative reproduction to allow its extension from professional growers and amateur (consumers). The study consisted to analyze their effect the plant growth, seedlings development, and leaves production. At the end the study, we obtained a rate of 91p.c for vegetative recovery for the cutting in shade 97p.c. for the cutting exposing to sun. However, the cuttings exposed sun clearly dissociates cuttings exposed to the shade with a shorter time of recovery. At the end of 3 months, only the sunny seedlings survive despite of the recovery rate of recovery. The study showed that the four environmental factors, the mode of exposure (sun and shade) and time (weeks) have a significant influence on the height and the number of seedlings leaves. The highest seedlings are observed in the shade from weeks 1 to 3. From week 3, only the sunny seedlings continue their growth and their development. The variation of the substrate and the frequency of watering, meanwhile, had no significant influence on the height and number of leaves. In sum, despite of lack of flowering, to produce seedlings of Thunbergia atacorensis, one should initially carry out the propagation by cutting in the shade and then to gradually intensify the light to have well developed seedlings.

Initial development of millet with use of biostimulant under different temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
P. R. Diesel ◽  
V. N. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Different Temperatures

Millet is an important summer grass used as forage grass due to good bromatological characteristics and easy adaptation to Brazilian environmental conditions. However, when sowing the crop early in the southern region, situations may occur where low temperatures affect germination and seedling development. Thus, the present work had the objective of evaluating the germination and initial development of millet using Biozyme TF® biostimulant as a way to attenuate the effects of different temperatures. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 3 x 5 (temperatures x doses) with four replicates each. The temperatures used were 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C and the doses used were: 0 (control); 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1 ml kg-1. After the treatment, the seeds were evaluated by: germination test, germination speed index, shoot and root length and seedling dry mass. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance with Sisvar® software and, when found significant, the regression analysis was performed. The germination of millet seeds is favored, under low temperature stress conditions, with seed treatment at the dose of 0.50 ml kg-1 of biostimulant. The biostimulant does not influence millet germination speed index. Under low temperature thermal stress the biostimulant minimally increases the length and dry mass accumulation of millet seedlings and attenuates the negative effects on root growth. The accumulation of dry mass of the roots decreased with increasing dose of the biostimulant under thermal stress condition.

scholarly journals Nitrogen levels in the cultivation of strawberries in soilless culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo L Andriolo ◽  
Lígia Erpen ◽  
Francieli L Cardoso ◽  
Carine Cocco ◽  
Gustavo S Casagrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In soilless grown strawberry crops, the nitrogen concentration of the nutrient solution affects plant growth and fruit yield and quality. The present research was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution on plant growth and development and fruit yield and quality of this crop. Treatments consisted of five nutrient solutions at nitrogen concentrations of 6.5 (T1), 8.0 (T2), 9.5 (T3), 11.0 (T4) and 12.5 (T5) mmol L-1, in an entirely randomised experimental design with four replications. Ripe fruit yield was determined during the harvest period from June 6th to November 27th, 2009. Number of leaves, shoot and root dry mass and crown diameter were determined at the later date. Number of leaves, shoot and root dry mass and crown diameter decreased by effect of increasing N concentrations in the nutrient solution. Fruit yield and fruit size fitted a polynomial model, with maximum values at 8.9 mmol N L-1. The N concentration used for the strawberry crop in soilless growing systems can be reduced to 8.9 mmol L-1 without any reduction in fruit yield.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Growth Response of Two Cowpea Accessions to Water Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashied Tetteh ◽  
Samuel Kwasi Boateng ◽  
Kwaku Junior Asamoah
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Water deficit is one of the most important factors that affect plant growth and development. To assess the effect of water stress on growth of two cowpea accessions (i.e. UCC 321 and GH 4769), a field study was conducted at the experimental site of CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Eastern Region-Ghana during the minor season. The treatments comprised of non-watered and well-watered cowpea plants for thirty-two days. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial replicated three times in a randomised complete block design. Growth was determined by measuring plant height, number of leaves per plant and plant dry mass (i.e. leaf, stem, root and total plant). Water stress reduced plant height, number of leaves and plant dry mass. Dry-mass accumulation in above-ground plant organs was lower in non-watered plants than in the well-watered treatment. This indicated that irrigation was necessary to optimize cowpea production, and that a deficit in irrigation might affect plant growth as soil becomes dry.

scholarly journals Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria on maize and sorghum1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Alves de Aquino ◽  
Francisco Barbosa de Macedo Junior ◽  
Jadson Emanuel Lopes Antunes ◽  
Marcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo ◽  
Francisco de Alcântara Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are found in plant tissues and promote plant growth by secretion of hormones and enzymes, or by facilitating the nutrient uptake. This study assessed forty PGPB isolates to determine their effects on maize and sorghum growth. These isolates were also compared with uninoculated plants, as negative (-N; without N fertilization) and positive (+N; with N fertilization) controls. Plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry mass, leaf N accumulation and chlorophyll content were evaluated. For both the maize and sorghum, the height, stem diameter and shoot dry mass in plants inoculated with PGPB were similar to those of uninoculated plants supplied with N, and the responses for root mass were higher than in plants supplied with N. However, the PGPB isolates did not promote N accumulation and chlorophyll content similar to those of uninoculated plants supplied with N. The IPACC26 and IPACC30 isolates, both identified as Bacillus subtilis, resulted in better responses for plant growth and N accumulation than the other isolates.

scholarly journals Trichoderma asperellum Induces Maize Seedling Growth by Activating the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. López-Coria ◽  
J. L. Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
S. Sánchez-Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Transport Inhibitor ◽  
Indol Acetic Acid ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Auxin Transport Inhibitor

Although Trichoderma spp. have beneficial effects on numerous plants, there is not enough knowledge about the mechanism by which they improves plant growth. In this study, we evaluated the participation of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, a key enzyme involved in promoting cell growth, in the elongation induced by T. asperellum and compared it with the effect of 10 μM indol acetic acid (IAA) because IAA promotes elongation and PM H+-ATPase activation. Two seed treatments were tested: biopriming and noncontact. In neither were the tissues colonized by T. asperellum; however, the seedlings were longer than the control seedlings, which also accumulated IAA and increased root acidification. An auxin transport inhibitor (2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid) reduced the plant elongation induced by Trichoderma spp. T. asperellum seed treatment increased the PM H+-ATPase activity in plant roots and shoots. Additionally, the T. asperellum extracellular extract (TE) activated the PM H+-ATPase activity of microsomal fractions of control plants, although it contained 0.3 μM IAA. Furthermore, the mechanism of activation of PM H+-ATPase was different for IAA and TE; in the latter, the activation depends on the phosphorylation state of the enzyme, suggesting that, in addition to IAA, T. asperellum excretes other molecules that stimulate PM H+-ATPase to induce plant growth.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Identified a Genetic Locus in Plant-Associated Pseudomonas spp. That Is Necessary for Induced Systemic Susceptibility

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Beskrovnaya ◽  
Ryan A. Melnyk ◽  
Zhexian Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Melanie A. Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Foliar Pathogens

ABSTRACT Plant root-associated microbes promote plant growth and elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) to foliar pathogens. In an attempt to find novel growth-promoting and ISR-inducing strains, we previously identified strains of root-associated Pseudomonas spp. that promote plant growth but unexpectedly elicited induced systemic susceptibility (ISS) rather than ISR to foliar pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that the ISS-inducing phenotype is common among root-associated Pseudomonas spp. Using comparative genomics, we identified a single Pseudomonas fluorescens locus that is unique to ISS strains. We generated a clean deletion of the 11-gene ISS locus and found that it is necessary for the ISS phenotype. Although the functions of the predicted genes in the locus are not apparent based on similarity to genes of known function, the ISS locus is present in diverse bacteria, and a subset of the genes were previously implicated in pathogenesis in animals. Collectively, these data show that a single bacterial locus contributes to modulation of systemic plant immunity. IMPORTANCE Microbiome-associated bacteria can have diverse effects on health of their hosts, yet the genetic and molecular bases of these effects have largely remained elusive. This work demonstrates that a novel bacterial locus can modulate systemic plant immunity. Additionally, this work demonstrates that growth-promoting strains may have unanticipated consequences for plant immunity, and this is critical to consider when the plant microbiome is being engineered for agronomic improvement.

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