Biostimulants isolated or integrated with paclobutrazol as tomato development triggering factors

Plant biostimulants are substances with different chemistry or biological composition whose, when applied to plants, can favour their development mainly by enhance nutrient uptake or nutrition efficiency and also can alter plant hormonal balance. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a retardant plant growth regulator which promotes reduction on stem internodes culminating in shorter plants. The integration of both, biostimulants and PBZ, can lead better development of plants by at same time favour the nutrition performance of shorter plants. Although some farmers already have used these substances in crop field, alone or in combination, there is a great lack of scientific studies to verify the real efficiency of the biostimulants available in market. The aim of this study was to study the effect of different biostimulants on the morphometrical and physiological aspects of tomato when applied in combination or not with paclobutrazol in Solanum lycopersicum L., hybrid H9553. The biostimulants used were Stimulate®, Serenade®, EnerVig®, Px-Fertil®, Vorax®, Liqui-plex® and DuoOrgano+®. PBZ reduced plant height and, unlike expected, no one of the biostimulants favoured volume increase or dry mass of roots. However, all biostimulants favoured the accumulation of leaf dry mass, with no increase in the number of leaves or net photosynthetic rate per specific leaf area. When isolated, or in interaction with biostimulants, the PBZ generated stimulatory or inhibitory effect on expression of the parameters evaluated, depending on the organ and its age, and acted in synergism or antagonism with the biostimulants, depending on the substance in question.

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EFEK PEMBERIAN PAKLOBUTRAZOL PADA ANGGREK Vanda tricolor SECARA IN VITRO

SIMBIOSIS Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.24843/jsimbiosis.2018.v06.i01.p04 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Ni Wayan Deswiniyanti ◽

Ni Kadek Dwipayani Lestari

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Observation Time ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Orchid Seed ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Major Factors

Vanda tricolor Lindl. Var. Suavis forma Bali has a specific character than the forma Merapi and forma West Java that is size of flowers and fruits, spots purple in labellum purple colored labelum and floral fragrance. High genetic diversity is one of the major factors in breeding improvement. Increasing the diversity of orchid plant characteristics can be done by giving paclobutrazol. Treatment by paklobutrazol in culture medium aims to inhibit growth both in number of leaves and shoot length so that the plant becomes smaller size than their parent or original. The result of growth resistance that occurs varies based on the concentration of paclobutrazol added to medium Vacint & Went (VW) in culture of seeds V. tricolor orchid added with coconut water with concentration of paklobutrazol Control K0 (0%), K1 (1mg / l), K2 (3mg / l), K3 (5mg / L), and K4 (7mg / l). Each treatment performed 5 times repetition. The result of planting of Vanda tricolor seed explants with paclobutrazol modification in vitro was found 40% cultured imbibition and then protocorm, 8% browning on seed, and 52% contamination. This study showed descriptively the orchid seed Vanda tricolor responded to Vacint and Went (VW) media which was added with plant growth regulator of paklobutrazol, so that it was able to grow and develop until reaching phase 1 that seeds to form protocorm, but statistically the addition of plant growth regulator of paklobutrazol has not show a significant influence on the growth and growth response of orchids Vanda tricolor (P> 0.05) because the observation time is not sufficient for at least 6 months of observation and see the function of paklobutrazol is to slow the growth. Keywords :Vanda tricolor, paclobutrazol, in vitro, vacin went, protocorm

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Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dengan Jumlah Daun Entres yang Berbeda terhadap Keberhasilan Sambung Pucuk Durian (Application of Plant Growth Regulator with Different Number of Scion Leaves on Success of Durian Top Grafting)

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v30n2.2020.p125-132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Zulfa Rahmadita Nur Azizah ◽

Etik Wukir Tini ◽

Joko Maryanto

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Research Design ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Break Time ◽

Number Of Leaves

Perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif menggunakan teknik sambung pucuk dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghasilkan benih yang bermutu. Namun, masalah yang sering terjadi pada sambung pucuk adalah kegagalan sambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis zat pengatur tumbuh, jumlah daun entres, dan kombinasi perlakuan yang memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk durian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018 sampai Januari 2019 di Desa Alasmalang, Kemranjen, Banyumas. Percobaan yang dilakukan merupakan percobaan pot dengan rancangan faktorial. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah kombinasi antara zat pengatur tumbuh (kontrol, ekstrak tauge, air kelapa, IBA, dan BAP) dan jumlah daun entres (2, 4, dan 6 helai). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 15 perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ZPT IBA dan BAP memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas sambung pucuk tanaman durian, yaitu sebesar 2,711 dan 2,822 dan perlakuan jumlah daun entres dua helai memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap waktu pecah tunas, jumlah tunas, dan pertambahan jumlah daun sambung pucuk tanaman durian, yaitu sebesar 2,3 helai.KeywordsSambung pucuk durian; Daun entres; Zat pengatur tumbuhAbstractVegetative propagation of plants using shoot grafting can be used as an alternative to produce quality seeds. The problem that often occours in top grafting is the failure to graft. This experiment aims to obtain the type of plant growth regulator, the number of scion’s leaves, and the combination that give the best results for growth of top grafting in durian. The research was conducted in November 2018 to January 2019 in Alasmalang Village, Kemranjen, Banyumas. The experiment was a pot experiment with a factorial design. The treatment was a combination of growth regulator (control, bean extract, coconut water, IBA, and BAP) and number of scion leaves (2, 4, and 6 strands). The research design used was a RCBD with 15 treatments and three replications. The results showed that the treatment of PGR IBA and BAP had a significant effect on the number of grafted shoots of durian plants, namely 2.711 and 2.822 and the treatment of the number of leaves of two leaves had a significant effect on shoot break time, the number of shoots and the increase in the number of grafted leaves of durian plants, namely amounting to 2.3 strands.

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Insecticides from Five Chemical Classes Differentially Affect the Plant Growth and Development of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev var. Charm)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.747c ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 747C-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James D. Spiers* ◽

Fred T. Davies ◽

Chuanjiu He ◽

Amanda Chau ◽

Kevin M. Heinz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Separate Treatment ◽

Insect Infestations

This research focused on the influence of insecticides on plant growth, gas exchange, rate of flowering, and chlorophyll content of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev cv. Charm) grown according to recommended procedures for pot plant production. Five insecticides were applied at recommended concentrations at three different frequencies: weekly (7 days), bi-weekly (14 days), or monthly (28 days). A separate treatment was applied weekly at 4× the recommended concentration. Insecticides used were: acephate (Orthene®) Turf, Tree & Ornamental Spray 97), bifenthrin (Talstar®) Flowable), endosulfan (Thiodan®) 50 WP), imidacloprid (Marathon®) II), and spinosad (Conserve®) SC). Phytotoxicity occurred in the form of leaf burn on all acephate treatments, with the greatest damage occurring at the 4× concentration. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were influenced primarily by the degree of aphid and/or spider mite infestation—except for acephate and endosulfan treatments (weekly and 4×), which had reduced photosynthesis with minimal insect infestations. Plants receiving imadacloprid monthly had the greatest leaf dry mass (DM). Plants treated with acephate had lower leaf and stem DM with bi-weekly and 4× treatments. Spinosad treatments at recommended concentrations had reduced stem DM, in part due to aphid infestations. The flower DM was not significantly different among treatments. There were treatment differences in chlorophyll content as measured with a SPAD-502 portable chlorophyll meter.

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Tratamentos Pré-Germinativos na Emergência e Desenvolvimento Inicial de Plântulas de Graviola

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n1p72-76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 72-76

Author(s):

Marcus Vinicius Sandoval Paixão ◽

Andrieli Ferrari Mônico ◽

Rafaela Barreto Cazaroto Grobério ◽

Gustavo Miranda Cremonini ◽

Hélio Pena de Faria Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Initial Development ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Green Mass ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter

A graviola, Annona muricata L., produz sementes que podem apresentar dormência ocasionada pela impermeabilidade do tegumento à água, necessitando assim de métodos para superação desta. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de tratamentos pré-germinativos na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de graviola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental composta de 50 sementes. As sementes foram submetidas aos tratamentos com imersão por 30 minutos, os quais foram: água (26 °C testemunha), solução de giberelina a 1.000, 2.000, 3.000 e 4.000 mg.L-1, água com gelo em ponto de fusão (0 °C), congelador por 6 horas (-10 °C), geladeira por 24 horas (10 °C), água em ponto de ebulição (100 °C), solução de NaCl 9 g.L-1, solução de KCl 5 g.L-1, água de coco e suco de laranja. A semeadura ocorreu em tubetes 280 mL contendo substrato composto por solo+eterco bovino. Trinta dias após a semeadura (DAS) avaliou-se a porcentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de emergência das plântulas. Sessenta dias após a semeadura foram avaliados: número de folhas; altura da planta; diâmetro do coleto; comprimento da raiz; massa verde foliar; massa seca foliar; massa verde e massa seca da raiz. O tratamento com giberelina de 4.000 mg.L-1 de GA3 foi o tratamento mais eficiente para induzir a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de graviola. Palavras-chave: Annona muricata. Giberelina. Propagação. Abstract Soursop, Annona muricata L., produces seeds that may present dormancy caused by the impermeability of the integument to water, thus requiring methods to overcome it. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pre-germinative treatments on the emergence and initial development of soursop seedlings. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with 13 treatments and four replications, each experimental unit consisting of 50 seeds. The seeds were submitted to immersion treatments for 30 minutes, which were: water (26°C control), 1.000 gibberellin solution, 2.000, 3.000 e 4.000 mg.L-1, water with ice at melting point (0 °C), freezer for 6 hours (-10 °C), refrigerator for 24 hours (10 °C), boiling water (100°C), NaCl 9 g.L-1 solution, KCl 5 g.L-1 solution, coconut water and orange juice. Sowing took place in 280 mL tubes containing substrate composed of soil + bovine manure. Thirty days after sowing (DAS), the percentage, speed index and mean seedling emergence time were evaluated. Sixty days after sowing the following items were evaluated: number of leaves; plant height; collar diameter; root length; leaf green mass; leaf dry mass; green mass and dry mass of the root. The treatment with gibberellin of 4.000 mg.L-1 of GA3 was the most efficient treatment to induce the emergence and initial development of soursop seedlings. Keywords: Annona muricate. Gibberellin. Propagation.

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The Effect of Shallot Extract and Auxin-Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth of Mucuna bracteata D.C.

AGRINULA: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Perkebunan ◽

10.36490/agri.v4i2.164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 130-138

Author(s):

Silvana Prameswari ◽

Bayu Pratomo

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Block Design ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves

Introduction: This study aims to obtain concentration of shallot extract (Allium cepa ) and growth regulators to increase growth of Mucuna bracteata. Mucuna is a land cover plant that must be planted in oil palm plantation areas. It is very important to be able to cover the planting area. Materials and Methods: This study used two factorial in randomized block design. The first was concentration of shallot extract per 100 ml distilled water consists of 4 levels, such as control (B0), 10 cc (B1), 20 cc (B2), 30 cc (B3) and the second was the auxins-plant growth regulator consists of 4 levels: Control (G0), 100 ppm (G1), 200 ppm (G2), 300 ppm (G3). Data analyzed with ANOVA with a significant 5% and continued with the DMRT using SAS version 9.1.3. Results: It was found that effect of concentration of shallot extract had a significant effect on survival percentage of Mucuna bracteata at a concentration of 10 cc (B2) after opening the lid at four weeks after planting (WAP) and did not change until 8 WAP. Likewise, the number of leaves at the control concentration (B0) at the age of 6 WAP, and a concentration of 10 cc (B1) at the age of 7-8 WAP. The concentration of growth regulators and their interactions did not significantly affect the survive percentage and number of leaves in Mucuna bracteata.

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Plant growth and phytoactive alkaloid synthesis in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) in response to varying radiance

10.1101/2021.10.18.464895 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MENGZI ZHANG ◽

Abhisheak Sharma ◽

Francisco León ◽

Bonnie Avery ◽

Roger Kjelgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Production Environment ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

The Impact

The dose-dependent consumptive effect of kratom and its potential application as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate opioid withdrawal symptoms has brought considerable attention to this plant. Increased interest in the application and use of kratom has emerged globally, including North America. Although the chemistry and pharmacology of major kratom alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, are well documented, foundational information on the impact of plant production environment on growth and kratom alkaloids synthesis is unavailable. To directly address this need, kratom plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and alkaloid concentration were evaluated under three lighting conditions: outdoor full sun, greenhouse unshaded, and greenhouse shaded. Nine kratom alkaloids were quantified using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Contents of six alkaloids to include: mitragynine, speciogynine, speciociliatine, mitraphylline, coynantheidine, and isocorynantheidine were not significantly impacted by lighting conditions, whereas 7-hydroxymitragynine was below the lower limit of quantification across all treatments. However, paynantheine concentration per leaf dry mass was increased by 40% and corynoxine was increased by 111% when grown under shade conditions in a greenhouse compared to outdoor full sun. Additionally, total alkaloid yield per plant was maximized when plants were under such conditions. Greenhouse cultivation generally promoted height and width extension, leaf number, leaf area, average leaf size, and total leaf dry mass, compared to outdoor full sun condition. Rapid, non-destructive chlorophyll evaluation correlated well (r2 = 0.68) with extracted chlorophyll concentrations. Given these findings, production efforts where low-light conditions can be implemented are likely to maximize plant biomass and total leaf alkaloid production.

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Nitrogen levels in the cultivation of strawberries in soilless culture

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362011000400012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 516-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jerônimo L Andriolo ◽

Lígia Erpen ◽

Francieli L Cardoso ◽

Carine Cocco ◽

Gustavo S Casagrande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Crown Diameter ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Number Of Leaves

In soilless grown strawberry crops, the nitrogen concentration of the nutrient solution affects plant growth and fruit yield and quality. The present research was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution on plant growth and development and fruit yield and quality of this crop. Treatments consisted of five nutrient solutions at nitrogen concentrations of 6.5 (T1), 8.0 (T2), 9.5 (T3), 11.0 (T4) and 12.5 (T5) mmol L-1, in an entirely randomised experimental design with four replications. Ripe fruit yield was determined during the harvest period from June 6th to November 27th, 2009. Number of leaves, shoot and root dry mass and crown diameter were determined at the later date. Number of leaves, shoot and root dry mass and crown diameter decreased by effect of increasing N concentrations in the nutrient solution. Fruit yield and fruit size fitted a polynomial model, with maximum values at 8.9 mmol N L-1. The N concentration used for the strawberry crop in soilless growing systems can be reduced to 8.9 mmol L-1 without any reduction in fruit yield.

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Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. Isolates in Cocoa Seed Treatment and Seedling Production

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1964

Author(s):

Willian Nogueira de Sousa ◽

Nayane Fonseca Brito ◽

Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽

Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽

Denise Castro Lustosa

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Root ◽

Soil Fungus ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Number Of Leaves

Isolates of Trichoderma spp., a soil fungus, has been used to control diseases and promote plant growth, reducing the use of chemicals in the production of seedlings of different plant species. We evaluated the effect of some Trichoderma spp. isolates on seed treatment and seedling production of Theobromacacao. Five isolates from the Amazon region were tested. In laboratory, the following variables were evaluated for seed treatments: germination, germination speed index, radicle and hypocotyl lengths, and fungi incidence. In nursery, the following forms of application were tested: via seeds; in the substrate at pre-planting; monthly in post-planting substrate, and also their combination. The following was evaluated: height, diameter, number of leaves, root length, leaf area, and shoot dry mass and root system. Inoculation with Trichoderma increased the length of the radicle and hypocotyl and showed no fungi in the seeds. In seedlings, some treatments increased height and plant root dry mass. The use of Trichoderma was beneficial for seeds and appeared favorable for T. cacao production.

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Salinity stress and plant growth regulator in basil: effects on plant and soil

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v88n217.87633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (217) ◽

pp. 75-83

Author(s):

Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes ◽

Márcia Paloma da Silva Leal ◽

Ana Gabriela Sousa Basilio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Matrix

The water in semiarid regions contains salts in excess. When good quality water is not available it is necessary to use strategies that can make feasible the use of saline water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of the plant growth regulator on the culture of basil stressed with salt. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design by the matrix “Central Box Compound”. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry masses and soil chemical characteristics were evaluated. The salinity of the irrigation water causes reduction of the basil growth parameters, with the exception of the inflorescence dry mass. Plant growth regulator applications have effect on basil growth when plants are irrigated with saline water.

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Defoliation Levels Supported in Soybean Crop With No Harm on Productivity in the Municipality of Parauapebas

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n17p227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. J. Damasceno ◽

V. F. A. Silva ◽

J. N. da Silva ◽

P. A. Silva ◽

C. C. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Direct Action ◽

Control Plant ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Plant Length

The reduction in the leaf area is one of the causes in the fall in soybean (Glycine max) productivity as it depends on the production of photoassimilates generated by the leaves, so any factor that interferes in its leaf area may affect the production. The attack of defoliating insects is among such factors. They cause a marked drop in grain yield due to its direct action, therefore, reducing the leaf area, consequently reducing the photosynthetic rate of the plant. The agronomic characteristics of the cultivars may interfere on the level of tolerance of the plant to this type of stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of defoliation levels on the vegetative and reproductive stages on the development and yield of grains in soybean cultivars. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2×11×2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Factors consisted of defoliation stage (vegetative and reproductive), treatment levels (T1-control plant and ten treatments of artificial defoliation) and soybean cultivars (BRS 9090 RR and BRS 8890 RR). The following variables were evaluated: grain yield, dry mass of the pod, leaf dry mass, stem and root dry mass, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, length and width of roots. It was observed that the defoliation had a negative effect on the productivity components of the cultivars, with the highest decrease in the reproductive stage, except for the treatment R5, 100% defoliation at the R5 stage, which was also reduced. In relation to the cultivars, the BRS 8890 RR was 27% better in grain yield in relation to BRS 9090 RR.

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