scholarly journals Cultivar Differences in the Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Common Beans to Aluminum Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Brigitta Tóth ◽  
Makoena Joyce Moloi ◽  
Lóránt Szőke ◽  
Mátyás Danter ◽  
Michael A. Grusak
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Al Treatment

Soil conditions leading to high levels of available aluminum are detrimental to plant growth, but data are limited on genotypic differences in tolerance to aluminum stress in some crops. The aim of this study was to examine the morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes in roots and shoots of 25 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (Pinto market class) under aluminum (Al) treatment. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the range of responses amongst the common bean cultivars relative to their Al toxicity tolerance and sensitivity. Plants were grown hydroponically using a simplified nutrient solution with or without 20 µM AlCl3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured to establish the effects of Al treatment on the plants. In addition, growth parameters such as shoot and root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root elongation, and root volume changes were also investigated. The cultivar effect was significant for all the measured parameters, except for shoot dry weight. Inhibition of the root and shoot dry weight for selected common bean cultivars shows that the response of common bean to Al stress is genotype-specific. Additionally, Al-induced root elongation inhibition and root volume changes varied among the cultivars. Most cultivars had significantly higher SOD activity (20 of 25 cultivars) and POD activity (12 cultivars) under AlCl3 treatment compared to the controls. A positive significant correlation was observed between MDA and ROS, showing that Al stress induced the accumulation of ROS along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. According to the results of this study, Arapaho and AC Island cultivars could potentially be used in the future production of common beans under Al stress. Therefore, these two cultivars could also be included in Al tolerance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Impacts of Aluminum on Growth and Biochemical Process of Wheat Plants Under Boron Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel A. Tammam ◽  
Samir M. Khalil ◽  
Elsayed E. Hafez ◽  
Atyat M. Elnagar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Al Treatment

The objective of the current study was to find out the effect of aluminum on the seedlings pre-treated by two levels of boron concentrations 4μM or 32μM grown in hydroponic solution of Al from 100-500μMAl for 3 days. Data revealed that Al had a negative effect on fresh, dry weight, water content, carbohydrate, protein and amino acids including proline constituents and changes in protein profile were analyzed of fourteen day-old Al-tolerant (‘Sakha 93’) cultivar of Triticum aestivum. The effect of boron treatment was pronounced at 32μM B level. Pretreatment of 4µM B and exposure to 500 µM Al revealed that insoluble protein increased soluble, total protein and total soluble sugars decreased in comparison to Al treatment only. Levels of amino acids most notably proline, the glutathione forming amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic and the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine were increased under Al stress. The obtained results showed the high resistance of ‘Sakha 93’ cultivar to aluminum stress. Aluminum detoxification coincides with increased TSS, TP, Pro, BCAAs contents and polypeptides in the root to cope with alleviation of Al-stress; boron may have a role in this concern.

Natural variation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for root traitsand biomass partitioning under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaze A. Sofi ◽  
Iram Saba
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The present study was undertaken to assess the response of common bean under drought in respect of root traits and biomass partitioning in fifteen common bean genotypes. The basal root whorl number and the number of basal roots was highest in case of WB-185 and lowest in case of SR-1, whereas, the basal root growth angle was highest in case of WB-258 and lowest in case of WB-249. Rooting depth measured as the length of longest root harvested was highest in case of WB-6 (66.2) while as lowest value was recorded for WB-112 (20.4). Dry root weight was highest in case of WB-216 (0.45) and lowest value was recorded for WB-341 (0.22). Similarly leaf biomass was highest in case of WB-6 (0.58) followed by WB-216 (0.58) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.12). Shoot dry weight was highest for WB-6 (0.55) followed by WB-216 (0.44) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.118). Pod dry weight was highest for WB-489 (2.28) followed by WB-216 (2.19) and the lowest value recorded for WB-83 (0.68).489. Root biomass proportion was highest for WB-195 (18.34) and lowest for WB-489 (10.00). Similarly leaf biomass to total biomass was highest in case of WB-83 (23.19) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.60). Highest stem biomass proportion was recorded for Arka Anoop (19.19) and the lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.591). Biomass allocation to pods was highest in case of WB-489 (69.92) followed by WB-1186 (68.69) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-83 (45.40).

scholarly journals Effect of water stress on nitrogen fixation and nodule structure of common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Richard Parsons ◽  
Janet Irene Sprent ◽  
Euan Kelvin James
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Peribacteroid Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of water stress on N2 fixation and nodule structure of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars Carioca and EMGOPA-201. Plants were harvested after five and eight days of water stress. Carioca had lower nodule dry weight on both water stress periods; shoot dry weight was lower at five days water stress and did not differ from control after eight days stress. Both cultivars had lower nitrogenase activity than control after five and eight days water stress. For both cultivars, after eight days stress bacteroid membranes were damaged. Carioca presented more pronounced damage to infected tissue, with host cell vacuolation and loss of the peribacteroid membrane at five days after stress; at eight days after stress, there was degradation of cytoplasm host cells and senescence of bacteroids, with their release into intercellular spaces. Intensity of immunogold-labeling of intercellular cortical glycoprotein with the monoclonal antibodies MAC 236/265 was different for both cultivars.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Potential of Native Rhizobial Isolates to Improve Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Growth of Common Bean and Soybean in Smallholder Farming Systems of Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Wandera Ouma ◽  
Anne Mercy Asango ◽  
John Maingi ◽  
Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Smallholder Farming Systems ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Identification of effective indigenous rhizobia isolates would lead to development of efficient and affordable rhizobia inoculants. These can promote nitrogen fixation in smallholder farming systems of Kenya. To realize this purpose, two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions using two common bean cultivars; Mwezi moja (bush type) and Mwitemania (climbing type) along with soybean cultivar SB 8. In the first experiment, the common bean cultivars were treated with rhizobia inoculants including a consortium of native isolates, commercial isolate (CIAT 899), a mixture of native isolates and CIAT 899, and a control with no inoculation. After 30 days, the crop was assessed for nodulation, shoot and root dry weights, and morphological features. In the second experiment, soybean was inoculated with a consortium of native isolates, commercial inoculant (USDA 110), and a mixture of commercial and native isolates. Remarkably, the native isolates significantly (p<0.001) increased nodulation and shoot dry weight across the two common bean varieties compared to the commercial inoculant, CIAT 899. Mixing of the native rhizobia species and commercial inoculant did not show any further increase in nodulation and shoot performance in both crops. Further field studies will ascertain the effectiveness and efficiency of the tested indigenous isolates.

Salinity and waterlogging tolerance amongst accessions of messina (Melilotus siculus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Rogers ◽  
T. D. Colmer ◽  
P. G. H. Nichols ◽  
S. J. Hughes ◽  
K. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Volume

Melilotus siculus (common name messina) has shown potential as a productive annual forage legume in saline and waterlogged areas in temperate Australia. The salt and waterlogging tolerances of 30 M. siculus accessions were evaluated at germination and as established plants. Many accessions germinated at 240 mm NaCl, but germination was <15% at 320 mm NaCl. In vegetative plants, accessions differed in the degree of growth reduction at 300 mm NaCl, with some producing >90%, but others <20%, of non-saline controls. A negative relationship (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) was found between dry weight under non-saline conditions and relative salt tolerance (i.e. salt-treated as % of controls). Concentrations of Cl– and Na+ in shoots of all accessions increased significantly with increasing NaCl in the medium, although these differed among accessions. No relationships were found between shoot Cl–, Na+, or K+ concentrations and relative salt tolerance at 300 mm NaCl, whereas net K+ : Na+ selectivity to shoots was positively correlated with relative salt tolerance (r = 0.30, P = 0.1). All accessions showed good tolerance to stagnant, O2-deficient conditions in the root medium, and shoot growth was not reduced by >20% in any accession. Root porosity (% gas volume/root volume) in both the main and lateral roots increased in all accessions when in stagnant medium, but accessions differed in root porosity. Lateral root porosity was not, however, correlated with either shoot dry weight or root dry weight in stagnant conditions. No single accession of M. siculus had the highest tolerance to saline conditions both at germination and the vegetative stage, but some accessions (e.g. SA 40002 and SA 40004) performed consistently well under saline and waterlogged conditions. Further research and selection is warranted on these accessions with the aim to release a cultivar.

scholarly journals The bean rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain RZ9 strongly reduces Fusarium culmorum growth and infectiveness of plant roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Haddoudi ◽  
Yosra Sendi ◽  
Marwa Batnini ◽  
Samir Ben Romdhane ◽  
Haythem Mhadhbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

A faba bean rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate RZ9 was used for studying its antifungal activity and protecting effects of faba bean and common bean against the root pathogen Fusarium culmorum strain MZB47. The dual culture tests showed that RZ9 inhibits MZB47 in vitro growth by 56%. When mixing RZ9 cell suspension with MZB47 macroconidia at equal proportion, the macroconidia viability was reduced with 70%. Pathogenicity tests conducted in sterile conditions showed that MZB47 caused an intense root rotting in faba bean ‘Aquadulce’ plantlets and a slight level in common bean ‘Coco blanc’. This was associated to significant decreases in plant growth only in ‘Aquadulce’, reducing shoot dry weight (DW) by 82% and root DW by 70%. In soil samples, MZB47 caused severe root rotting and induced significant decreases in shoot DW (up to 51%) and root DW (up to 60%) for both beans. It was associated to a decrease in nodule number by 73% and 52% for faba bean and common bean, respectively. Biocontrol assays revealed that the inoculation of RZ9 to MZB47-treated plantlets enhanced shoot DWs (25% and 110%) and root DWs (29% and 67%), in faba bean and common bean, respectively. Moreover, root rotting levels decreased and nodule number increased in treated compared to untreated plantlets. Collected data highlighted the disease severity of F. culmorum and demonstrated the potential of using RZ9 in controlling Fusaria root diseases in beans. Thereby, the current study represents the first report on the biocontrol effectiveness of P. aeruginosa against F. culmorum in beans.

scholarly journals Effects of Superabsorbent and Irrigation Regime on Seedling Growth Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jalilian ◽  
O. Mohsennia
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Barley Seedling ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

Abstract Greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the effects of superabsorbent and water deficit stress on seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Urmia University of Iran. Three amounts of superabsorbent polymer (0 (S1), 2 (S2) and 4 g (S3) were mixed with 500 g soil before sowing, and four levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation at 20 (I1), 40 (I2), 60 (I3) and 80% (I3) field capacity) were set as treatments. The root length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, SPAD and root-shoot ratio were affected by treatments. Means comparisons indicated that the highest root length (19 cm) observed in the I4 irrigation regime and the lowest of it (16.18 cm) obtained in I1 condition. Barley plants that received 4 g and no superabsorbent had the utmost (1.13 cm) and lowest (0.54 cm) root volume, respectively. Whereas plant situated in I4 and I1 irrigation regimes produced greatest and smallest amount amount of shoot dry weight and SPAD. The maximum (12.83 cm) and minimum (8.33 cm) leaf length was obtained from S3I3 and S1I1 condition, respectively. Generally, the results showed the most of measured barley seedling traits in irrigation at 40 % field capacity (I2) were the equal with I3 and I4 irrigation regimes treatments, which indicated the resistance of barley seedling to the water deficit stress. Also, we found that the improving of root dry weight and root volume of barley seedling along with increasing in the superabsorbent application.

scholarly journals Symbiotic Efficiency of Native Rhizobia Nodulating Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Soils of Western Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanuel Kawaka ◽  
Mathews M. Dida ◽  
Peter A. Opala ◽  
Omwoyo Ombori ◽  
John Maingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Red Bean ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

This study was conducted to determine the abundance and symbiotic efficiency of native rhizobia nodulating common bean in Kisumu and Kakamega, Kenya. Soil sampling was carried out in three farms that had been used for growing common bean for at least two seasons and one fallow land with no known history of growing common bean or inoculation. Abundance of soil rhizobia and symbiotic efficiency (SE) were determined in a greenhouse experiment. Native rhizobia populations ranged from 3.2×101 to 3.5×104 cells per gram of soil. Pure bacterial cultures isolated from fresh and healthy root nodules exhibited typical characteristics of Rhizobium sp. on yeast extract mannitol agar media supplemented with Congo red. Bean inoculation with the isolates significantly p<0.05 increased the shoot dry weight and nitrogen (N) concentration and content. The SE of all the native rhizobia were higher when compared to a reference strain, CIAT 899 (67%), and ranged from 74% to 170%. Four isolates had SE above a second reference strain, Strain 446 (110%). Our results demonstrate the presence of native rhizobia that are potentially superior to the commercial inoculants. These can be exploited to enhance bean inoculation programmes in the region.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on morpho-physiological parameters and nitrogen content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
K. Fatiha ◽  
H. Abdelkrim ◽  
B. Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract. To characterize the effect of salt stress on six varieties of chickpea (Cicer areitenumL.): ILC 32/79, Flip 84/92C, Ghab4, Belkhadem, Collection 28 and F97/555, morphological and physiological parameters of the plants were studied to determine which can be cultivated under salty conditions. The genotypes were subjected to three increasing concentrations of NaCl (50, 75 and 100mM) and compared to an unstressed control (0mM NaCl).The results showed the studied genotypes behaved differently depending on saline concentrations, and plant water content decreased depending on NaCl concentrations, with a higher reduction in root dry matter. The root dry weight/shoot dry weight ratio decreased with high NaCl concentrations that caused reductions in root volume, number of nodules, and total nitrogen. It appeared the ILC 32/79 and collection 28 varieties were the most salinity-tolerant genotypes.

scholarly journals Common bean seed germination and seedling emergence under inoculation with biostimulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Antônio Jussiê da Silva Solino ◽  
Juliana Santos Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Maycon Schmitt ◽  
Jéssica Brasau da Silva ◽  
Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Biostimulating microorganisms have protector effect against pathogenic agents, affect the stand formation, promote plant growth, and increase yield of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the seed germination and seedling emergence of different common bean cultivars as a function of treatments with Bacillus subtilis BV02 and Trichoderma asperellum BV10. Germination tests in paper rolls and sand were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisted of two cultivars, namely Campos Gerais (CG) and Estilo (ES), and four microorganism treatments, namely B. subtilis BV02 (BS), T. asperellum BV10 (TA), B. subtilis BV02 + T. asperellum BV10 (BS+TA), and Control. The variables analyzed were: germination speed index (GSI), emergence speed index (ESI), germination percentage, emergence percentage, root length, seedling height, and root and shoot fresh and dry weights. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, seedling height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot dry weight than the ES cultivar in the paper roll and sand tests. The common bean seed inoculation with BS+TA increased seedling height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root length in the ES cultivar. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, root fresh weight, and root and shoot dry weights than the ES cultivar. The treatment of seeds with BS+TA is recommended to improve the performance of common bean seedlings of the ES cultivar.

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