scholarly journals A Study on the Effect of Macro- and Micro- Nutrients on Nannochloropsis oceanica Growth, Fatty Acid Composition and Magnetic Harvesting Efficiency

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Savvidou ◽  
Elenitsa Boli ◽  
Dimitrios Logothetis ◽  
Theopisti Lymperopoulou ◽  
Angelo Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Electrostatic Charges ◽  
Phosphorus Deprivation ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency

The effect of iron, manganese, phosphorus and nitrogen on growth and lipid synthesis of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779, as well as their impact on the magnetic harvesting efficiency, are examined under their depriving cell culture conditions. Herein, it is demonstrated that nitrogen and manganese depletion primarily reduced cell growth while phosphorus and iron restriction led to higher dry biomass. Subsequently, the role of those nutrients on fatty acids profile was examined. Phosphorus and nitrogen restriction resulted in lower and higher lipid content, respectively. High amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid are produced under iron and manganese depletion. Phosphorus deprivation favors monounsaturated fatty acids such as C18:1 and C16:1, while nitrogen restriction favors saturated fatty acid production like C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0. Since the presence/absence of macro- and micro-elements may affect the overall electrostatic charges on the outmost microalgae surface, it was also analyzed how these elements affect the magnetic harvesting efficiency. Results showed that phosphorus deprivation led to the best magnetic harvesting efficiency of N. oceanica cells (93%) as compared to other nutrient starvation as well as standard medium.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids and Membrane Lipidomics in Oncology: A Cross-Road of Nutritional, Signaling and Metabolic Pathways

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ferreri ◽  
Anna Sansone ◽  
Rosaria Ferreri ◽  
Javier Amézaga ◽  
Itziar Tueros
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Fatty acids are closely involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism in cancer. Their amount and composition are dependent on dietary supply and tumor microenviroment. Research in this subject highlighted the crucial event of membrane formation, which is regulated by the fatty acids’ molecular properties. The growing understanding of the pathways that create the fatty acid pool needed for cell replication is the result of lipidomics studies, also envisaging novel fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid-mediated signaling. Fatty acid-driven mechanisms and biological effects in cancer onset, growth and metastasis have been elucidated, recognizing the importance of polyunsaturated molecules and the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 families. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are biomarkers in several types of cancer, and their characterization in cell membranes and exosomes is under development for diagnostic purposes. Desaturase enzymatic activity with unprecedented de novo polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis is considered the recent breakthrough in this scenario. Together with the link between obesity and cancer, fatty acids open interesting perspectives for biomarker discovery and nutritional strategies to control cancer, also in combination with therapies. All these subjects are described using an integrated approach taking into account biochemical, biological and analytical aspects, delineating innovations in cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatments.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
I De Gasperín ◽  
J.G. Vicente ◽  
J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
F Montiel ◽  
R Loeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

The composition and metabolism of fatty acids in Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Penner ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
De Novo Synthesis

The fatty acid composition of newly emerged Ips paraconfusus Lanier shows no sexual dimorphism and is approximately as follows: C14:0, 0.5%; C16:0, 23.0%; C16:1, 6%; C18:0, 3%; C18:1, 55%; C18:2, 9%; C18:3, 2%. Both sexes, but particularly the female, use up fatty acids, particularly the monounsaturated acids, during reproduction. Isotope from 1-14C-acetate injected into newly emerged females appeared in all saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids within 30 min. There was evidence of de novo synthesis of C14:0 and C16:0, chain elongation of C16:0 to C18:0, and desaturation of C16:0 and C18:0 to yield C16:1 and C18:1 respectively.

A multigene approach secures hydroxy fatty acid production in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lunn ◽  
James G Wallis ◽  
John Browse
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Castor Seeds

Abstract A central goal of green chemistry is to produce industrially useful fatty acids in oilseed crops. Although genes encoding suitable fatty acid-modifying enzymes are available from more than a dozen wild species, progress has been limited because expression of these enzymes in transgenic plants produces only low yields of the desired products. For example, fatty acid hydroxylase 12 (FAH12) from castor (Ricinus communis) produces only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), compared to 90% HFA in castor seeds. The transgenic plants also have reduced oil content and seed vigor. Here, we review experiments that have provided for steady increases HFA accumulation and oil content. This research has led to exciting new discoveries of enzymes and regulatory processes in the pathways of both seed oil synthesis and lipid metabolism in other parts of the plant. Recent investigations have revealed that HFA-accumulating seeds are unable to rapidly mobilize HFA- containing triacylglycerol (TAG) storage lipid after germination to provide carbon and energy for seedling development, resulting in reduced seedling establishment. These findings present a new opportunity to investigate a different, key area of lipid metabolism - the pathways of TAG lipolysis and β-oxidation in germinating seedlings.

Genetic variation in fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat in cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kelly ◽  
R. K. Tume ◽  
S. Newman ◽  
J. M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Selection For

Genetic parameters were estimated for fatty acid composition of subcutaneous beef fat of 1573 animals which were the progeny of 157 sires across seven breeds grown out on pasture and then finished on either grain or grass in northern New South Wales or in central Queensland. There was genetic variation in individual fatty acids with estimates of heritability for the proportions of C14 : 0, C14 : 1c9, C16 : 0, C16 : 1c9, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1c9 fatty acids in subcutaneous beef fat of the order of 0.4 or above. Also substantial correlations between some fatty acids were observed. Genetic correlations between fatty acids and fat depth at the P8 site suggested that much of the genetic variation in fatty acid composition was related to changes in fatness. Selection for decreased fatness resulted in decreased proportions of C18 : 1c9 with concomitant increases in C18 : 0, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. This suggested that selection for decreased fatness at a given weight will result in a decrease in the proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat in the carcass with a corresponding increase in the proportions of saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Study on the Profile of Fatty Acids of Broiler Chicken Raised and Slaughtered in Industrial System

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 4089-4094
Author(s):  
Marius Mihai Ciobanu ◽  
Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Alina Narcisa Postolache ◽  
Roxana Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Different Levels

Fatty acid profile and the related nutritional indices of the breast, thigh and drumstick muscles were studied at three farms, suppliers of ROSS 308 line of broilers, slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The proximate chemical composition of the commercial slaughter cuts revealed contents between 16.26�22.78% for proteins and 1.80�7.45% for total lipids, the breast having the highest protein and ash content and lowest values for fat and moisture. The obtained values were mainly affected by region (P[0.001). Meat fatty acid profile was affected (P[0.001) by commercial slaughter regions (CSR) and by the interactions between CSR and supplier farms (Farm A, B, and C) at different levels. The obvious findings highlighted that Farm B supplied broilers with a delivered higher content of beneficial fatty acids (LA, LNA, AA, EPA, and DHA) in breasts and drumstick, while for thigh, Farm C had the best results. The content of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) had the highest level in the thigh (P[0.001).

scholarly journals Characteristics of Amino Acid, Fatty Acid and Mineral of Sea Hare

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Manulang ◽  
Sri Purwaningsih ◽  
Azrifitria Azrifitria
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Sea Hare

Dolabella auricularia are found in the waters of Indo - Pacific and has active compound in health, which until now is still limited information about nutritional content from sea hare. The aim of this research were to determine morphometric and chemical characteristic D. auricularia which includes the proximate, amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. The composition of fatty acid were measured by gas chromatography (GC), amino acids were measured by high performanced liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mineral was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The sea hare contained 9 essential amino acids and 6 non essential amino acids. The highest essential amino acid was arginine (1.61%) while the highest non essential amino acids was glycine (3.02%). Sea hare contained 26 fatty acids such as saturated fatty acids 5.33%, monounsaturated fatty acids 2.11% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 4.10%. The high mineral was calcium 68100 mg/kg.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document