scholarly journals Assessment of the Antigenotoxic Effects of Alginate and ZnO/Alginate–Nanocomposites Extracted from Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus in Mice

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3839
Author(s):  
Ragaa A. Hamouda ◽  
Asmaa S. Salman ◽  
Asrar A. Alharbi ◽  
Reem Hasaballah Alhasani ◽  
Maha M. Elshamy
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zno Nps

Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating chemotherapy drug that could induce DNA damage and genetic alteration. It has been used as a model mutagen for in vivo and in vitro studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of Zinc oxide alginate–nanocomposites (ZnO-Alg/NCMs) against MMC–induced genotoxicity in mice. Animals were treated as follows: the control group, the groups treated with Algin (400 mg/kg b.w), the groups treated with ZnO-Alg/NCMs (400 mg/kg b.w), the group treated with MMC, and the groups treated with MMC plus Algin or ZnO-Alg/NCMs. Pre-treatment with Algin and ZnO-Alg/NCMs was repeated for one or seven days. Zinc oxide alginate-nanocomposites (ZnO-Alg/NCMs) were synthesized with the aim of incorporating the intrinsic properties of their constituents as an antigenotoxic substance. In this study, alginate was extracted from the brown marine alga Fucus vesiculosus, Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using water extract of the same alga, and loaded in alginate to synthesize ZnO-Alg/NCMs. ZnO-NPs and ZnO-Alg/NCMs were characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential. The obtained results confirmed that by TEM and SEM, ZnO-NPs are rod shaped which modified, when loaded in alginate matrix, into spherical shape. The physical stability of ZnO-Alg/NCMs was reported to be higher than ZnO-NPs due to the presence of more negative charges on ZnO-Alg/NCMs. The EDX analysis indicated that the amount of zinc was higher in ZnO-NPs than ZnO-Alg/NCMs. The in vivo results showed that treatment with MMC induced genotoxic disturbances. The combined treatment with Algin and ZnO-Alg/NCMs succeeded in inducing significant protection against MMC. It could be concluded that ZnO-Algin/NCMs is a promising candidate to protect against MMC–induced genotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aspergillus niger on Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia In Vitro and In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayim Rasha ◽  
Manal M. Alkhulaifi ◽  
Monerah AlOthman ◽  
Ibrahim Khalid ◽  
Elnagar Doaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Currently, the mortality rate in Saudi Arabia’s ICUs is increasing due to the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria. This study was carried out to evaluate the ability of biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Aspergillus niger to overcome carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (KPC) in vitro and in vivo. ZnO-NPs were synthesized via a biological method and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zetasizer and zeta potential analyses, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In vitro sensitivity of KPC to ZnO-NPs was identified using the well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by a macro-dilution method. The morphological alteration of KPC cells after ZnO-NPs treatment was observed by SEM. The in vivo susceptibility of KPC cells to ZnO-NPs ointment was evaluated using wound healing in experimental rats. The chemical characterization findings showed the formation, stability, shape, and size of the synthesized nanoparticles. The MIC and MBC were 0.7 and 1.8 mg/ml, respectively. The in vivo results displayed reduced inflammation and wound re-epithelialization of KPC-infected rats. These findings demonstrated that ZnO-NPs have great potential to be developed as antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Wound Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Bio-Functionalized Scaffold Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Chronic Ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Angelis ◽  
Margarida Fernandes Lopes Morais D’Autilio ◽  
Fabrizio Orlandi ◽  
Giampiero Pepe ◽  
Simone Garcovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Chronic Ulcers

Chronic ulcers are characterized by loss of substance without a normal tendency towards spontaneous healing. The Wound Bed Preparation Guideline advises that after diagnosis, the expert should correct the biological state of the ulcer micro-environment based on TIME principles (Tissue, Infection, Moisture balance, Epidermal). There are many ways to treat such ulcers, for example through use of advanced dressings, negative pressure, surgical toilets, dermal substitutes, autologous skin grafting, and free or local flaps. In vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models hold widely acknowledged potential yet complex limitations. Tissue bioengineering could be an ideal approach to foster innovative strategies in wound healing. Our observational study reports on an in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a bio-functionalized scaffold composed of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) used in 182 patients affected by chronic ulcers (diabetic and vascular), comparing the results with a control group of 182 patients treated with traditional dressings (HA alone). After 30 days the patients who had undergone the combined treatment (PRP + HA), showed 96.8% ± 1.5% re-epithelialization, as compared to 78.4% ± 4.4% in the control group (HA only). Within 80 days, they had 98.4% ± 1.3% re-epithelialization as compared to 87.8% ± 4.1% in the control group (HA only; p < 0.05). No local recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. PRP + HA treatment showed stronger regenerative potential in terms of epidermal proliferation and dermal renewal compared with HA alone.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prime a Protective Immune Response in Galleria mellonella to Defend Against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-nian Xu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wen Pan ◽  
Huan-xin Zheng ◽  
Meng-lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Zno Nps

Purpose: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have exerted antimicrobial properties. However, there is insufficient evaluation regarding the in vivo antifungal activity of ZnO-NPs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of ZnO-NPs in controlling Candida albicans in the invertebrate Galleria mellonella.Methods:Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with different doses of ZnO-NPs to determine their in vivo toxicity. Non-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs were chosen for prophylactic injection in G. mellonella followed by C. albicans infection. Then the direct in vitro antifungal effect of ZnO-NPs against C. albicans was evaluated. In addition, the mode of action of ZnO-NPs was assessed in larvae through different assays: quantification of hemocyte density, morphology observation of hemocytes, characterization of hemocyte aggregation and phagocytosis, and measurement of hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity.Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were non-toxic to the larvae at relatively low concentrations (≤20 mg/kg). ZnO-NP pretreatment significantly prolonged the survival of C. albicans-infected larvae and decreased the fungal dissemination and burden in the C. albicans-infected larvae. This observation was more related to the activation of host defense rather than their fungicidal capacities. Specifically, ZnO-NP treatment increased hemocyte density, promoted hemocyte aggregation, enhanced hemocyte phagocytosis, and activated PO activity in larvae.Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with lower concentrations of ZnO-NPs protects G. mellonella from C. albicans infection. The innate immune response primed by ZnO-NPs may be part of the reason for the protective effects. This study provides new evidence of the capacity of ZnO-NPs in enhancing host immunity and predicts that ZnO-NPs will be attractive for further anti-infection applications.

scholarly journals Using Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Alleviate the Toxicity on Banana Parasitic-Nematode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa elansary ◽  
Ragaa Hamouda ◽  
Maha Elshamy
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Direct Exposure

Abstract We appraised the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles, (ZnO-NPs) and zinc oxide bulk (ZnO-bulk) or zinc acetate, as a natural nematocide, alone or in combination with oxamyl in vitro and in vivo trials in order to improve systems for root-knot nematode (RKNs) control in banana plants. Especially, ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized from the alga, Ulva fasciata. In general, all applications of ZnO-NPs were more effective to control RKNs than ZnO-bulk as well oxamyl alone (chemical control). In in vitro conditions, ZnO-NPs with oxamyl showed 98.91% second stage juveniles2 (J2s) mortality of Meloidogyne incognita after 72 hrs, while 72.86% mortality was observed at the same NPs treatment without oxamyl at the same exposure time. The same treatment was the most effective in diminution of J2s community (82.77%) in soil and galls number (81.87%) in roots under in vivo conditions. In contrast, the highest weight and height of the shoot was observed in Zn-bulk treatment in combination with oxamyl as well oxamyl only (nematocides check). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reports displayed the distributions and accumulations of ZnO-NPs on the nematode (J2s) body under direct exposure, which might be the reason of NP-mediated toxicity and disruption for M. incognita.

Synergism of gambogenic acid with bortezomib induce apoptosis of multiple myeloma.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8035-8035
Author(s):  
Runzhe Chen ◽  
Hongming Zhang ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xue Wu ◽  
Baoan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

8035 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common primary tumors of the bone marrow that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematological cancer. Gambogenic acid (GNA) is one of the natural compound isolated from gamboge and has demonstrated advantages such as a more potent anticancer effect and less systemic toxicity according to early investigations. In this study, we hypothesized that GNA could synergistically potentiate BTZ-induced apoptosis of MM cells and that combining BTZ and GNA may provide a more effective approach to treat MM. Methods: CCK-8 assay, CI isobologram, flow cytometry, western blot, xenograft tumour models, TUNEL and immunochemistry were used in this study to detect to possible mechanisms of apoptosis led by GNA and BTZ in vitro and in vivo. Results: The percentage of MM.1S in G2/M phase after 48h of 4.0nM BTZ, 0.90μM GNA and combination treatment were 31.09±2.16%, 26.68±1.96% and 19.88±1.89% respectively. The percentage of MM.1S in G2/M phase of control group was 17.23±1.65%. The apoptosis rates of MM.1S cells for 48h were 6.57±0.15% in control group, 89.67±5.15% after treatment with 4.0nM BTZ, 97.80±0.81% after treatment with 0.90μM GNA, and 98.9±3.86% after treatment with 4.0nM BTZ plus 0.9μM GNA respectively. All the treatment groups showed a more significant apoptosis rate compared to that of the control group ( p<0.01). MM.1S tumors were implanted in BALB/Ca nu/nu male mice. The tumor weights of GNA and BTZ plus GNA groups decreased significantly when compared with those of control group (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) and the tumor weight of combination group was significantly less than that of BTZ or GNA group (p<0.001). When mice were treated with BTZ combined with GNA, the tumor inhibition rate was 41.94%, whereas those of mice treated with BTZ or GNA alone were 9.68% and 19.35%, respectively. We also found that the combined treatment could induce more markedly increased apoptosis of MM.1S cells via the activation of PARP cleavage, P53, Caspase-3 cleavage and Bax and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: Our data support that a synergistic antitumor activity exists between BTZ and GNA, and provide a rationale for successful utilization of dual BTZ and GNA in MM chemotherapy in the future.

Nanosuspension as an Efficient Carrier for Improved Ocular Permeation of Voriconazole

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Qin ◽  
Zhu Dai ◽  
Xiaodi Xu ◽  
Zilin Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Process ◽  
High Entrapment Efficiency

Background: The present limitations related to the ocular administration of antifungal drugs for the treatment of fungal keratitis include poor ocular bioavailability, limited retention time, and low ocular tissues penetration. Methods: This study aimed to prepare a novel ophthalmic voriconazole-loaded nanosuspension based on Eudragit RS 100. Pharmasolve® was explored as a corneal permeation enhancer in voriconazole ophthalmic formulation using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Briefly, 1% voriconazole-loaded nanosuspension was prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation process. Results: Characterizations of the voriconazole-loaded nanosuspension by Zetasizer Nano ZS and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed a uniform spherical shape without any agglomeration. The well-discreted nanoparticle with size of 138 ± 1.3 nm was achieved with high entrapment efficiency (98.6 ± 2.5 %) and a positive zeta potential in the range of 22.5 - 31.2 mV, indicating excellent physical stability. Discussion: Voriconazole-loaded nanosuspension containing the penetration enhancer displayed good permeability both in vitro and in vivocompared with the commercial voriconazole injection. The voriconazole-loaded nanosuspension exhibited good antifungal activity, significantly inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans at a lower concentrations of voriconazole (2.5 μg/mL, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the voriconazole-loaded nanosuspension containing Pharmasolve® can be used as an effective ophthalmic formu-lation for the topical ocular delivery of voriconazole.

scholarly journals Antitumor and Radiosensitizing Effects of Zinc Oxide-Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma in Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542110219
Author(s):  
Hayam M. Sayed ◽  
Mahmoud M. Said ◽  
Nadia Y. S. Morcos ◽  
Mona A. El Gawish ◽  
Amel F. M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma

This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of Zinc Oxide-Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles (ZnO-CA NPs). ZnO-CA NPs were formulated by the conjugation of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with caffeic acid (CA) that were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro anticancer potential of ZnO-CA NPs was evaluated by assessing cell viability in the human breast (MCF-7) and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cell lines. In vivo anticancer and radio-sensitizing effects of ZnO-CA NPs in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice (EC mice) were also assessed. Treatment of EC mice with ZnO-CA NPs resulted in a considerable decline in tumor size and weight, down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene expressions, decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) level, downregulation of phosphorylated-extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) protein expression, DNA fragmentation and a recognizable peak at sub-G0/G1 indicating dead cells’ population in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of ZnO-CA NPs with γ-irradiation improved these effects. In conclusion: ZnO-CA NPs exhibit in-vitro as well as in-vivo antitumor activity, which is augmented by exposure of mice to γ-irradiation. Further explorations are warranted previous to clinical application of ZnO-CA NPs.

Role of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Fenugreek Seeds Extract as Anticancer Agent: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaa M. Radwan ◽  
Eman F. Aboelfetoh ◽  
Tetsunari Kimura ◽  
Tarek M. Mohamed ◽  
Mai M. El-Keiy
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
X Ray

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the metal oxide nanoparticles, which have attracted the interest of the researchers due to their biocompatibility, easily surface functionalization, and cancer targeting. Objective: This study was designated to investigate the potential antitumor activity of the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs alone or in combination with doxorubicin using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model. Methods: In this study, ZnO NPs were prepared by green approach using fenugreek seeds extract as reducing and capping agent then characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-V spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared nanoparticles were tested for in vitro and in vivo studies using different parameters. Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined to have cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines with lower toxicity against normal one. Moreover, the in vivo study, demonstrated that the intraperitoneal injection of ZnO NPs alone or combined with doxorubicin in EAC mice inhibited the proliferation and growth of EAC by decreasing the ascetic volume and viable tumor cell count. This anti-proliferative efficiency of ZnO NPs was due to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and induction of apoptosis via upregulating the expression of caspase-3 and Bax and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs may be a promising nanomedicine therapy for cancer treatment in the future.

scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Betaine and/or C-Phycocyanin on the Growth of Lung Cancer A549 CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rea Bingula ◽  
Carmen Dupuis ◽  
Chantal Pichon ◽  
Jean-Yves Berthon ◽  
Marc Filaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
M Phase ◽  
A Cell

We investigated the effects of betaine, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), and their combined use on the growth of A549 lung cancer bothin vitroandin vivo.When cells were coincubated with betaine and C-PC, an up to 60% decrease in viability was observed which is significant compared to betaine (50%) or C-PC treatment alone (no decrease). Combined treatment reduced the stimulation of NF-κB expression by TNF-αand increased the amount of the proapoptotic p38 MAPK. Interestingly, combined treatment induced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase for ~60% of cells.In vivostudies were performed in pathogen-free male nude rats injected with A549 cells in their right flank. Their daily food was supplemented with either betaine, C-PC, both, or neither. Compared to the control group, tumour weights and volumes were significantly reduced in either betaine- or C-PC-treated groups and no additional decrease was obtained with the combined treatment. This data indicates that C-PC and betaine alone may efficiently inhibit tumour growth in rats. The synergistic activity of betaine and C-PC on A549 cells growth observedin vitroremains to be further confirmedin vivo.The reason behind the nature of their interaction is yet to be sought.

scholarly journals Dihydroartemisinin Increases the Sensitivity of Photodynamic Therapy Via NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF Pathway in Esophageal Cancer Cell in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2035-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjing Li ◽  
Hong Sui ◽  
Cailing Jiang ◽  
Shumin Li ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Esophageal Cancer Cells

Background/Aims: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) can relieve esophageal obstruction and prolong survival time of patients with esophageal cancer, it can induce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in many cancers, which plays a negative role in PDT. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the most potent artemisinin derivative, can enhance the effect of PDT on esophageal cancer cells. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Methods: We generated stable cell lines expressing the super-repressor form of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα and cell lines with lentivirus vector-mediated silencing of the HIF-1α gene. Esophageal xenograft tumors were created by subcutaneous injection of Eca109 cells into BALB/c nude mice. Four treatment groups were analyzed: a control group, photosensitizer alone group, light alone group, and PDT group. NF-κB expression was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by real-time PCR, NF-κB, HIF-1α, and VEGF protein by western blot, and Ki-67, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB protein by immunohistochemistry. Results: PDT increased NF-κB activity and the gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the DHA groups, particularly the combined DHA and PDT treatment group, abolished the effect. The combined treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. NF-κB activity and HIF-1α expression were also reduced in the stable IκBα expression group, whereas the former showed no change in HIF-1α-silenced cells. Conclusion: DHA might increase the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to PDT by inhibiting the NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.

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