scholarly journals Terpene Based Elastomers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranabesh Sahu ◽  
Anil K Bhowmick ◽  
Gergely Kali
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Wide Family ◽  
Everyday Living

The limited source of fossil-fuel and the predominance of petroleum-based chemistry in the manufacturing of commodity polymers has generated tremendous interest in replacing the fossil source-based polymers with renewable counterparts. The field of sustainable elastomers has grown in the past three decades, from a few examples to a plethora of reports in modern polymer science and technology. Applications of elastomers are huge and vital for everyday living. The present review aims to portray a birds-eye view of various sustainable elastomers obtained from the wide family of acyclic terpenes (renewable feedstocks from different plant oils) via various polymerization techniques and their properties, as well as plausible developments in the future applications of sustainable polymers. Not only the homopolymers, but also their copolymers with both green and commercial fossil based comonomers, are reviewed.

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Bisbenzimidazoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Verma ◽  
Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran ◽  
Nihar Ranjan ◽  
Swaran J.S. Flora
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dna Recognition ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most common structural motifs in approximately 80% of the marketed drugs. Of these, benzimidazoles analogues are known to elicit a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal as well as chemosensor effect. Based on the benzimidazole core fused heterocyclic compounds, crescent-shaped bisbenzimidazoles were developed which provided an early breakthrough in the sequence-specific DNA recognition. Over the years, a number of functional variations in the bisbenzimidazole core have led to the emergence of their unique properties and established them as versatile ligands against several classes of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of the bisbenzimidazole analogues in the past decade with a brief account of its development through the years.

scholarly journals Unique Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene: The Role of Shear Layer-Spherulites Layer Alternated Structure

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
Mingjin Liu ◽  
Jiaxu Luo ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xueqin Gao ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Propagation Behavior ◽  
Crack Propagation Behavior

With the development of polymer science, more attention is being paid to the longevity of polymer products. Slow crack growth (SCG), one of the most important factors that reveal the service life of the products, has been investigated widely in the past decades. Here, we manufactured an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sample with a novel shear layer–spherulites layer alternated structure using multiflow vibration injection molding (MFVIM). However, the effect of the alternated structure on the SCG behavior has never been reported before. Surprisingly, the results showed that the resistivity of polymer to SCG can be enhanced remarkably due to the special alternated structure. Moreover, this sample shows unique slow crack propagation behavior in contrast to the sample with the same thickness of shear layer, presenting multiple microcracks in the spherulites layer, which can explain the reason of the resistivity improvement of polymer to SCG.

The Problem of Energy

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Urry
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Growth

Energy forms and their extensive scale are remarkably significant for the ways that societies are organized. This article shows the importance of how societies are ‘energized’ and especially the global growth of ‘fossil fuel societies’. Much social thought remains oblivious to the energy revolution realized over the past two to three centuries which set the ‘West’ onto a distinct trajectory. Energy is troubling for social thought because different energy systems with their ‘lock-ins’ are not subject to simple human intervention and control. Analyses are provided here of different fossil fuel societies, of coal and oil, with the latter enabling the liquid, mobilized 20th century. Consideration is paid to the possibilities of reducing fossil fuel dependence but it is shown how unlikely such a ‘powering down’ will be. The author demonstrates how energy is a massive problem for social theory and for 21st-century societies. Developing post-carbon theory and especially practice is far away but is especially urgent.

Synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites: a critical review

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petit ◽  
F. Baron ◽  
A. Decarreau
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The Past

AbstractThe synthesis of clay minerals has been studied for decades in an attempt to better understand their formation in natural environments and more recently to obtain clay minerals with controlled compositions and properties. Even though nontronite has been synthesized successfully since 1935, the process is not a straightforward and has been poorly documented. In the present review concerning the synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites, the experiments attempted in the past are discussed critically in light of the most recent data. Most notably, the application of relationships established recently, thanks to synthetic smectitic series, have allowed us to refine the chemical compositions of some nontronites synthesized previously.

scholarly journals What Did We Learn about VADs in 2017?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Guglin
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
The Past

The field of mechanical circulatory support is evolving rapidly and new data are published at a rate which can be overwhelming. For the last three years, we published annual reviews of the current literature entitled “What Did We Learn about VADs?” in the past year (1-3). All three papers were well received as the full texts were downloaded 704, 676 and 413 times, respectively, by the readers around the globe. Continuing the tradition, we have written the present review and as with all previous reviews, we summarized some publications from 2017 that we think are of particular importance and interest. There may be some slight overlap with the end of 2016 due to some papers having been published online first.

scholarly journals A Step Towards Change: A Green Alternative for the Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Marino ◽  
P. Rafael Donnarumma ◽  
Hudson de Aguiar Bicalho ◽  
Victor Quezada-Novoa ◽  
Hatem M. Titi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Olefin Metathesis ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Industrial Settings

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are traditionally synthesized using formamide solvents that are hazardous to human health and the environment. In order to alleviate the environmental impact of MOF synthesis in both academic and industrial settings, safer and greener solvent alternatives are desired. Herein, STEPOSOL® MET-10U (<i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-9-decenamide), a bioderived solvent produced <i>via</i> olefin metathesis using renewable feedstocks, such as plant oils, is explored as a solvent for the synthesis of a series of structurally diverse MOFs.

scholarly journals (GTG)5-PCR Mediated Molecular Typing of Zoonotic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Daryoush Babazadeh ◽  
Reza Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

The present review aimed to reveal the role of (GTG)5-PCR microbial typing in indicating the routes and source of infections, investigate the outbreaks and genotypes of clinical strains, as well as finding virulent strains and epidemiology of bacterial isolates. All available and published data in Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Science Direct during the past two decades that used the (GTG)5-PCR method for genotyping the bacterial isolates were included in the current study. The findings have indicated that (GTG)5-PCR can be recommended as a possible, cost-effective, fast, and easy tool for molecular typing of bacterial isolates.

Neuroinflammation as a possible link between cannabinoids and addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia C.M. Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro H. Gobira ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira ◽  
Renan Pelição ◽  
Antonio Lucio Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Microglial Cell ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Past

ObjectiveSubstance dependence disorder is a chronically relapsing condition characterised by neurobiological changes leading to loss of control in restricting a substance intake, compulsion and withdrawal syndrome. In the past few years, (endo)cannabinoids have been raised as a possible target in the aetiology of drug addiction. On the other hand, although the exact mechanisms of the genesis of addiction remain poorly understood, it is possible that neuroinflammation might also play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Studies demonstrated that (endo)cannabinoids act as immunomodulators by inhibiting cytokines production and microglial cell activation. Thus, in the present review, we explore the possible role of neuroinflammation on the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.MethodsWe conducted an evidence-based review of the literature in order to assess the role of cannabinoids on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of addiction (terms: addiction, cannabinoids and inflammation). We searched PubMed and BioMedCentral databases up to April 2014 with no date restrictions.ResultsIn all, 165 eligible articles were included in the present review. Existing evidence suggests that disruption in cannabinoid signalling during the drug addiction process leads to microglial activation and neuroinflammation.ConclusionThe literature showed that inflammation and changes in endocannabinod signalling occur in drug abuse; however, it remains uncertain whether these changes are causally or coincidentally associated with addiction. Additional studies, therefore, are needed to elucidate the contribution of neuroinflammation on the behavioural and neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Climate Change in Shanghai

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2388-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Mahjoub Elnimeiri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Annual Average Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

The phenomenon of climate change is becoming a global problem. One of the most important reasons of climate change is the increase in CO2 levels due to emissions from fossil fuel energy use in daily human activities. This research will use the data of the annual average temperature and energy consumption in the past 41 years of Shanghai, the largest city in China, to establish the statistical relationship between climate change and energy consumption. It is found that there is a strong positive relationship between climate change and energy consumption in Shanghai. The phenomenon of climate change could be controlled by reducing excessive energy consumption in people’s daily life. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the reason of such relationship, and provide suggesstions of saving energy and protecting our environment.

Approaches for the synthesis, chemical modification and biological properties of N-acylphenothiazines

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Myrko ◽  
Taras Chaban ◽  
Yulia Matiichuk ◽  
Mohammad Arshad ◽  
Vasyl Matiychuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Present Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Potential

In this review we systematized the theoretical and experimental data concerning the versatile approaches for the synthesis of N-acylphenothiazines. The aim of the study was to compile the literature reported worldwide in the past 20 years. This article also reviewed the analysis of pharmacological activities of these heterocycles as one of the promising chemotherapeutic objects for the modern bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. It has been hypothesized that the enormous biological potential of these moieties is due to the radical nature in the acyl moiety. Therefore, the present review will be a good contribution to the literature and will provide the platform for the medicinal chemistry researchers to carry out more studies aiming the N-acylphenothiazine moieties as the novel chemotherapeutic agents.

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