scholarly journals Liquid Marbles as Miniature Reactors for Chemical and Biological Applications

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat-Khuong Nguyen ◽  
Chin Hong Ooi ◽  
Pradip Singha ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Liquid Marble ◽  
Hydrophobic Particles

The need for miniaturised reaction systems has led to the development of various microreactor platforms, such as droplet-based microreactors. However, these microreactors possess inherent drawbacks, such as rapid evaporation and difficult handling, that limit their use in practical applications. Liquid marbles are droplets covered with hydrophobic particles and are a potential platform that can overcome the weaknesses of bare droplets. The coating particles completely isolate the interior liquids from the surrounding environment, thus conveniently encapsulating the reactions. Great efforts have been made over the past decade to demonstrate the feasibility of liquid marble-based microreactors for chemical and biological applications. This review systemically summarises state-of-the-art implementations of liquid marbles as microreactors. This paper also discusses the various aspects of liquid marble-based microreactors, such as the formation, manipulation, and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Human Capital Management: The German Way

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Stein
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Present Article ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
German State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

The German discourse on Human Capital Management (HCM) has a long history which resulted in the manifoldness of notions connected with HCM. The exact specification of the meaning of HCM basically depends on the frame of reference used: the frame of the past, of the present or of the future. The present article which concentrates on the German aspects of the HCM debate is aimed at systematizing this discourse by outlining the past and present HCM development in Germany as well as its future perspectives. It will result in a synoptic view, summing up the German state-of-the-art HCM.

scholarly journals Discriminative non-negative representation based classifier for image recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 174830262110449
Author(s):  
Kai-Jun Hu ◽  
He-Feng Yin ◽  
Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Classification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Classification Tasks ◽  
Negative Representation

During the past decade, representation based classification method has received considerable attention in the community of pattern recognition. The recently proposed non-negative representation based classifier achieved superb recognition results in diverse pattern classification tasks. Unfortunately, discriminative information of training data is not fully exploited in non-negative representation based classifier, which undermines its classification performance in practical applications. To address this problem, we introduce a decorrelation regularizer into the formulation of non-negative representation based classifier and propose a discriminative non-negative representation based classifier for pattern classification. The decorrelation regularizer is able to reduce the correlation of representation results of different classes, thus promoting the competition among them. Experimental results on benchmark datasets validate the efficacy of the proposed discriminative non-negative representation based classifier, and it can outperform some state-of-the-art deep learning based methods. The source code of our proposed discriminative non-negative representation based classifier is accessible at https://github.com/yinhefeng/DNRC .

Spondyloarthritis: state of the art and future perspectives

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Walter P Maksymowych
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Modalities

Advances in the understanding of this group of arthritides over the past decade can be considered transformational from the perspective of basic mechanisms as well as clinical research focusing on the development of imaging technologies and a spectrum of standardised clinical outcomes that aim at a more comprehensive understanding of disease activity, functioning and disability, and prognosis. Prior to this decade, treatment was unsatisfactory and limited to physical modalities and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, while diagnostic ascertainment primarily focused on clinical evaluation and plain radiography. Today, patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) can look forward to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment but significant challenges remain. This review will summarise the past decade's major accomplishments in the understanding of the basic mechanisms contributing to the development of SpA, outline those advances in clinical and imaging outcomes that have enabled major therapeutic advances and now permit a broader understanding of the early development of disease and its impact on patient well-being, and will describe new approaches to the development of diagnostic criteria that incorporate advances in imaging.

scholarly journals A Review of the State of the Art towards Biological Applications of Graphene-based Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Varun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mohd Yusuf ◽  
Prem Kumar ◽  
. Sheeba ◽  
. Nafisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

The field of nanoscience has evolved into a wide variety of successes over the past two decades and the emphasis on nanotechnology is to revolve around various dynamic fields, such as sensor, biomedical, and many useful applications. Advances in related fields are certainly due to the ability to synthesize nanoparticles from a variety of materials, structures, and to convert samples into complex nanoarchitectures. The promises of nanomedicine are broad. Graphene (Gr), the first 2-dimensional material to stand alone, is a type of new nanomaterial that leads to the excitement of natural biological applications. Number of researches has been conducted on applicability of GBNs in the area of environment, biomedical, and healthcare sectors. As compared to other nanomaterials, extraordinary properties of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) like high surface area, multilayers, multifunctional and excellent biocompatibility make them capable to play great roll of highly-tailored multifunctional delivery vehicles for drugs delivery, gene delivery, phototherapy and bioimaging. However, research communities performed plenty of research works on GBNs synthesis and biological acitivity evaluation, but  there is limited comprehensive reviews published so far biological applications. So, we have studied a large number of scientific reports and investigations, presented in this review describing recent progress and modern perspectives with respect to graphene and related nanomaterials for biological applications.

Battery concepts: The past, the present, and research highlights

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Nentwich ◽  
Bianca Störr ◽  
Juliane Hanzig
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Luigi Galvani

Abstract The concept of a battery is not a modern invention, as first proofs go back to 200 bc. The development of electrochemical cells similar to those that we use today started at the end of the eighteenth century with the experiments of Luigi Galvani. The following paragraphs will give an overview of the progress in electrochemistry from the very early reports to the state of the art. Additionally, some future perspectives from the recent years will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Improving the Speed of MRI with Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Johnson ◽  
Michael P. Recht ◽  
Florian Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Accelerated Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Image Modality ◽  
Resolution Data

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a leading image modality for the assessment of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and disorders. A significant drawback, however, is the lengthy data acquisition. This issue has motivated the development of methods to improve the speed of MRI. The field of artificial intelligence (AI) for accelerated MRI, although in its infancy, has seen tremendous progress over the past 3 years. Promising approaches include deep learning methods for reconstructing undersampled MRI data and generating high-resolution from low-resolution data. Preliminary studies show the promise of the variational network, a state-of-the-art technique, to generalize to many different anatomical regions and achieve comparable diagnostic accuracy as conventional methods. This article discusses the state-of-the-art methods, considerations for clinical applicability, followed by future perspectives for the field.

scholarly journals Disinfection and Sterilization Using Plasma Technology: Fundamentals and Future Perspectives for Biological Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Sakudo ◽  
Yoshihito Yagyu ◽  
Takashi Onodera
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Potential Applications

Recent studies have shown that plasma can efficiently inactivate microbial pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in addition to degrading toxins. Moreover, this technology is effective at inactivating pathogens on the surface of medical and dental devices, as well as agricultural products. The current practical applications of plasma technology range from sterilizing therapeutic medical devices to improving crop yields, as well as the area of food preservation. This review introduces recent advances and future perspectives in plasma technology, especially in applications related to disinfection and sterilization. We also introduce the latest studies, mainly focusing on the potential applications of plasma technology for the inactivation of microorganisms and the degradation of toxins.

Digital polymerase chain reaction technology – recent advances and future perspectives

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 3717-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith ◽  
Chin Hong Ooi ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Dzung Viet Dao ◽  
Nam-Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

We critically evaluate the state of the art of the development of digital polymerase chain reaction systems.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance neurography of the head and neck: state of the art, anatomy, pathology and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1119) ◽  
pp. 20200798
Author(s):  
Fréderic Van der Cruyssen ◽  
Tomas-Marijn Croonenborghs ◽  
Tara Renton ◽  
Robert Hermans ◽  
Constantinus Politis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Neurography ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nerve Imaging

Magnetic resonance neurography allows for the selective visualization of peripheral nerves and is increasingly being investigated. Whereas in the past, the imaging of the extracranial cranial and occipital nerve branches was inadequate, more and more techniques are now available that do allow nerve imaging. This basic review provides an overview of the literature with current state of the art, anatomical landmarks and future perspectives. Furthermore, we illustrate the possibilities of the three-dimensional CRAnial Nerve Imaging (3D CRANI) MR-sequence by means of a few case studies.

scholarly journals Photobiocatalysis in Continuous Flow

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Nahuel Chanquia ◽  
Alessia Valotta ◽  
Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler ◽  
Selin Kara
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Catalytic Processes

In the last years, there were two fields that experienced an astonishing growth within the biocatalysis community: photobiocatalysis and applications of flow technology to catalytic processes. Therefore, it is not a surprise that the combination of these two research areas also gave place to several recent interesting articles. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review article covering these advances was published so far. Within this review, we present recent and very recent developments in the field of photobiocatalysis in continuous flow, we discuss several different practical applications and features of state-of-the art photobioreactors and lastly, we present some future perspectives in the field.

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