scholarly journals Photobiocatalysis in Continuous Flow

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Nahuel Chanquia ◽  
Alessia Valotta ◽  
Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler ◽  
Selin Kara
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Catalytic Processes

In the last years, there were two fields that experienced an astonishing growth within the biocatalysis community: photobiocatalysis and applications of flow technology to catalytic processes. Therefore, it is not a surprise that the combination of these two research areas also gave place to several recent interesting articles. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review article covering these advances was published so far. Within this review, we present recent and very recent developments in the field of photobiocatalysis in continuous flow, we discuss several different practical applications and features of state-of-the art photobioreactors and lastly, we present some future perspectives in the field.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4242
Author(s):  
Manggar Arum Aristri ◽  
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽  
Sumit Manohar Yadav ◽  
Petar Antov ◽  
Antonios N. Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Wood Adhesives ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Adhesion

This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

Rewiew of Fracture and Fatigue in Ceramic Matrix Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Birman ◽  
Larry W. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Hostile Environments

A review of recent developments and state-of-the-art in research and understanding of damage and fatigue of ceramic matrix composites is presented. Both laminated as well as woven configurations are considered. The work on the effects of high temperature on fracture and fatigue of ceramic matrix composites is emphasized, because these materials are usually designed to operate in hostile environments. Based on a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of failure, the problems that have to be addressed for a successful implementation of ceramic matrix composites in design and practical operational structures are outlined. This review article includes 317 references.

scholarly journals Biomass-based chemical looping technologies: the good, the bad and the future

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1885-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Vineet Singh Sikarwar ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Ah-Hyung A. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments

This review article focuses on the challenges and opportunities of biomass-based chemical looping technologies and explores fundamentals, recent developments and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Microfluidic Technologies for Central Nervous System Targeted Studies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Teixeira ◽  
Maria Helena Amaral ◽  
Paulo C. Costa ◽  
Carla M. Lopes ◽  
Dimitrios A. Lamprou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Delivery ◽  
Reproducible Manner

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) bear a lot of weight in public health. By studying the properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its fundamental interactions with the central nervous system (CNS), it is possible to improve the understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind these disorders and create new and better strategies to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency, such as nanocarriers. Microfluidics is an intersectional field with many applications. Microfluidic systems can be an invaluable tool to accurately simulate the BBB microenvironment, as well as develop, in a reproducible manner, drug delivery systems with well-defined physicochemical characteristics. This review provides an overview of the most recent advances on microfluidic devices for CNS-targeted studies. Firstly, the importance of the BBB will be addressed, and different experimental BBB models will be briefly discussed. Subsequently, microfluidic-integrated BBB models (BBB/brain-on-a-chip) are introduced and the state of the art reviewed, with special emphasis on their use to study NDs. Additionally, the microfluidic preparation of nanocarriers and other compounds for CNS delivery has been covered. The last section focuses on current challenges and future perspectives of microfluidic experimentation.

scholarly journals MXD6 in film manufacturing: State of the art and recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of new copolyamides

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Micaela Vannini ◽  
Paola Marchese ◽  
Annamaria Celli ◽  
Cesare Lorenzetti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Isophthalic Acid ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Semiaromatic polyamides belong to a large family of polymers commonly utilized in demanding engineering applications due to a unique set of outstanding mechanical properties as well as in terms of thermal and chemical resistance. Somewhat less understood is the use of certain members of this family in packaging applications such as the manufacturing of films and sheets or thin-walled containers, as well as the motivations and limitations in designing film structures containing them. This article reviews how m-xylylene diamine (MXD)-based polyamides are used in packaging applications. Attention is also given to film manufacturing and criticalities in its processing. Recent developments in MXD-based polyamides for gas barrier applications are also reported, while examining future perspectives in speciality film manufacturing. The new described copolymers based on MXD6 were synthesized by introducing different co-units, like isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, glutaric acid, oxalic acid or 1,6-hexamethylene diamine. The performed characterization analyses (DMTA, DSC, density and OTR) allowed the polymer structures and properties to be correlated. Introducing 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid along the MXD6 chain led to the highest Tg (101°C) and density (1.233 g/cm3) and the lowest OTR (0.0035 cm3·cm/m2·day·atm, up to one order of magnitude lower).

scholarly journals Flexible Microfluidics: Fundamentals, Recent Developments, and Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedieh Fallahi ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hoang-Phuong Phan ◽  
Nam-Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Fluid Structure Interactions ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used

Miniaturization has been the driving force of scientific and technological advances over recent decades. Recently, flexibility has gained significant interest, particularly in miniaturization approaches for biomedical devices, wearable sensing technologies, and drug delivery. Flexible microfluidics is an emerging area that impacts upon a range of research areas including chemistry, electronics, biology, and medicine. Various materials with flexibility and stretchability have been used in flexible microfluidics. Flexible microchannels allow for strong fluid-structure interactions. Thus, they behave in a different way from rigid microchannels with fluid passing through them. This unique behaviour introduces new characteristics that can be deployed in microfluidic applications and functions such as valving, pumping, mixing, and separation. To date, a specialised review of flexible microfluidics that considers both the fundamentals and applications is missing in the literature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary including: (i) Materials used for fabrication of flexible microfluidics, (ii) basics and roles of flexibility on microfluidic functions, (iii) applications of flexible microfluidics in wearable electronics and biology, and (iv) future perspectives of flexible microfluidics. The review provides researchers and engineers with an extensive and updated understanding of the principles and applications of flexible microfluidics.

scholarly journals Lifestyles, genetics, and future perspectives on gastric cancer in east Asian populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Katoh ◽  
Shumpei Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
H Pylori

AbstractThe prevalence of gastric cancer (GC) differs among regions worldwide, with the highest occurrence in east Asia. Thus, its etiology, with respect to ethnic background, environmental factors, and lifestyles, is also thought to differ essentially. In addition, etiology of GC is speculated to be changing due to the recent decrease in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Japan. State-of-the-art somatic/germline cancer genomics has clarified the etiologies of gastric carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize past and present milestones in our understanding of GC achieved through genomic approaches, including a recent report that revealed higher-than-expected frequencies of GCs attributed to east Asian-specific germline variants in ALDH2 or CDH1 in combination with lifestyles. Based on this updated knowledge, we also discuss the possible impact of and high-risk approaches for GCs in the upcoming “H. pylori-negative era.”

scholarly journals Liquid Marbles as Miniature Reactors for Chemical and Biological Applications

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat-Khuong Nguyen ◽  
Chin Hong Ooi ◽  
Pradip Singha ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Liquid Marble ◽  
Hydrophobic Particles

The need for miniaturised reaction systems has led to the development of various microreactor platforms, such as droplet-based microreactors. However, these microreactors possess inherent drawbacks, such as rapid evaporation and difficult handling, that limit their use in practical applications. Liquid marbles are droplets covered with hydrophobic particles and are a potential platform that can overcome the weaknesses of bare droplets. The coating particles completely isolate the interior liquids from the surrounding environment, thus conveniently encapsulating the reactions. Great efforts have been made over the past decade to demonstrate the feasibility of liquid marble-based microreactors for chemical and biological applications. This review systemically summarises state-of-the-art implementations of liquid marbles as microreactors. This paper also discusses the various aspects of liquid marble-based microreactors, such as the formation, manipulation, and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Functions of Ionic Liquids in Preparing Membranes for Liquid Separations: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Dayuan Zheng ◽  
Dan Hua ◽  
Yiping Hong ◽  
Abdul-Rauf Ibrahim ◽  
Ayan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Membrane Materials ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Liquid Separations

Membranes are widely used for liquid separations such as removing solute components from solvents or liquid/liquid separations. Due to negligible vapor pressure, adjustable physical properties, and thermal stability, the application of ionic liquids (ILs) has been extended to fabricating a myriad of membranes for liquid separations. A comprehensive overview of the recent developments in ILs in fabricating membranes for liquid separations is highlighted in this review article. Four major functions of ILs are discussed in detail, including their usage as (i) raw membrane materials, (ii) physical additives, (iii) chemical modifiers, and (iv) solvents. Meanwhile, the applications of IL assisted membranes are discussed, highlighting the issues, challenges, and future perspectives of these IL assisted membranes in liquid separations.

scholarly journals Magnetic gas sensing: working principles and recent developments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik V. Shinde ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Recent Developments

In magnetic gas sensors, the change in the magnetic properties of the active materials is measured. In this review article, the working principles, fundamentals, recent developments, and future perspectives in magnetic gas sensors are reviewed.

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