scholarly journals The Impact of Coal’s Petrographic Composition on Its Suitability for the Gasification Process: The Example of Polish Deposits

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Barbara Bielowicz ◽  
Jacek Misiak
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we discuss the impact of the rank of coal, petrographic composition, and physico-chemical coal properties on the release and composition of syngas during coal gasification in a CO2 atmosphere. This study used humic coals (parabituminous to anthracite) and lithotypes (bright coal and dull coal). Gasification was performed at temperatures between 600 and 1100 °C. It was found that the gas release depends on the temperature and rank of coal, and the reactivity increases with the increasing rank of coal. It was shown that the coal lithotype does not affect the gas composition or the process. Until 900 °C, the most intense processes were observed for higher rank coals. Above 1000 °C, the most reactive coals had a vitrinite reflectance of 0.5–0.6%. It was confirmed that the gasification of low-rank coal should be performed at temperatures above 1000 °C, and the reactivity of coal depends on the petrographic composition and physico-chemical features. It was shown that inertinite has a negative impact on the H2 content; at 950 °C, the increase in H2 depends on the rank of coal and vitrinite content. The physicochemical properties of coal rely on the content of maceral groups and the rank of coal. An improved understanding these relationships will allow the optimal selection of coal for gasification.

The Influences of the Rank of Coal on Methane Sorption Capacity in Coals/Wpływ Rzędu Węgla Na Pojemność Sorpcyjną Metanu W Węglach

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
Andrzej Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Methane Sorption ◽  
Indian Coals

Abstract Methane sorption capacity is of significance in the issues of coalbed methane (CBM) and depends on various parameters, including mainly, on rank of coal and the maceral content in coals. However, in some of the World coals basins the influences of those parameters on methane sorption capacity is various and sometimes complicated. Usually the rank of coal is expressed by its vitrinite reflectance Ro. Moreover, in coals for which there is a high correlation between vitrinite reflectance and volatile matter Vdaf the rank of coal may also be represented by Vdaf. The influence of the rank of coal on methane sorption capacity for Polish coals is not well understood, hence the examination in the presented paper was undertaken. For the purpose of analysis there were chosen fourteen samples of hard coal originating from the Upper Silesian Basin and Lower Silesian Basin. The scope of the sorption capacity is: 15-42 cm3/g and the scope of vitrinite reflectance: 0,6-2,2%. Majority of those coals were of low rank, high volatile matter (HV), some were of middle rank, middle volatile matter (MV) and among them there was a small number of high rank, low volatile matter (LV) coals. The analysis was conducted on the basis of available from the literature results of research of petrographic composition and methane sorption isotherms. Some of those samples were in the form (shape) of grains and others - as cut out plates of coal. The high pressure isotherms previously obtained in the cited studies were analyzed here for the purpose of establishing their sorption capacity on the basis of Langmuire equation. As a result of this paper, it turned out that for low rank, HV coals the Langmuire volume VL slightly decreases with the increase of rank, reaching its minimum for the middle rank (MV) coal and then increases with the rise of the rank (LV). From the graphic illustrations presented with respect to this relation follows the similarity to the Indian coals and partially to the Australian coals.

scholarly journals Efektywność produkcji FAME na podstawie wymagań normy ISO 14045:2012

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Michał Pajda ◽  
◽  
Wojciech Mazela ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the work was to present the issue of eco-efficiency, based on the PN-EN ISO 14045:2012 standard in relation to the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The ecoefficiency analysis takes into account economic and environmental aspects in the improvement of products and processes / technologies. Eco-efficiency considers the product and technology throughout the life cycle, from the construction phase, through use to decommissioning. The impact on the natural environment is assessed on the basis of: consumption of energy, materials, dust and gas emissions, waste and sewage. Total costs include: production costs, raw material costs, costs during the use phase including maintenance, repair and operating costs, product disposal or recycling. The eco-efficiency analysis is helpful in making decisions regarding the selection of a new product or designing a new technology, and enables the selection of the variant that is the most economical and has the least possible impact on the natural environment. These issues are particularly important in the case of biofuels. The rapid growth of their production and the European Union’s policy, which aims to increase the share of energy from renewable sources, cause concerns of many experts regarding the threats related to the production of biofuels, both for the environment and food security. In particular, efforts are made to minimize the amount of waste and residues by implementing the idea of a circular economy. This approach promotes the development of new technologies that are more environmentally friendly. Due to the regulations set out in the RED and RED II Directives, there is a chance that the biofuels will have a less negative impact on the environment. This results from the obligation to certify compliance with the sustainability criteria, which is carried out by voluntary systems recognized by the European Commission, such as the KZR INiG System.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of emigration on the origin economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Remeikienė ◽  
Ligita Gasparėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Our article concentrates to the main aim – to assess the impact of emigration on an origin economy. This topic was chosen because the theoretical research has disclosed that the positive impact of emigration usually manifests through monetary transfers to a native country while the negative impact mainly emerges as a reduction in the labour force, which, in its turn, causes deterioration of a country’s demographic and economic situation. It has been found that the growing flows of emigration significantly reduce Lithuanian population and cause “brain drain”. High emigration rates also have a negative impact on Lithuanian national economy, in particular, its unemployment rate (the opposite effect). To reduce the rates of emigration from the country, Lithuania must develop and improve such ALPM’s elements as combination of work and dual vocational training, targeted selection of the industries for arrangement of an apprenticeship, manual training, dual vocational training and workplace training, segmentation of the unemployed by the indications of employment impediment, individual work with the unemployed to restore their basic skills (motivation, practice, health improvement), vocational guidance of young people (students) and early involvement of students into the labour market by combining studies and work.

Spousal Attitude Towards Exerting Conflict Resolution Strategies in Decision Making

Paradigm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Shivendra Singh ◽  
Atul Dhyani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Marital Power ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Family ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Decision Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Family is one entity that has complex variables underplaying the consumption decisions, and marketers must understand how couples behave in concert to resolve conflict across major decisions. In this study, the family aspects are investigated to shed more light on spouse attitude towards family decision-making for selection of car and school/college for their ward and assess the impact of attitudinal factor on decision satisfaction. The drop-off/pick-up method was used to collect the data from Northern India. The result reveals that spousal attitude is formed by marital power, assertiveness, subtle manipulation, love, bargaining and being submissive. Results of multiple regression analysis show that subtle manipulation is most and marital power has a negative impact on spouses’ decision satisfaction. Thus, when targeting a family for a significant trades assay, the salesperson should focus on both husband and wife and stimulate a conversation between them to appeal to their conjoint kinship.

scholarly journals Analysis of potential energy and environmental impact from coal gasification through simulation of plasma gasification process of Indonesian low-rank coal

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Priyo Sesotyo ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
Oki Muraza ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Plasma Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process

Indonesia's coal reserve is abundant with its lower price and widely distributed than oil and natural gas. However, the coal emits high carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and sulfur compounds (H2S, SOx) to the environment during utilization. Plasma gasification can overcome those lacks using the external electric energy through a plasma torch. The chemical properties of coal have impacts on the energy content and environmental benchmarking. Using steam as a gasifying agent should be adequate to produce H2 and CO syngas. A research has been carried out to analyze and understand the benefit of using different gasifying agent for maximizing the H2 production and minimizing the environmental impact. Pure Steam (PS) gasifying agent to coal ratio of 0.4 has shown 43.76% H2 composition in syngas and cold gasification efficiency (CGE) with 37.71%. The PS to coal ratio of 0.2 has a significant carbon conversion efficiency of 4.75% and the PS to coal ratio of 0.6 has a gross energy potential of 86.5 kW. Using such the PS is significantly better than the mixture of steam oxygen (SO) as the gasifying agent since it needs to have a greater SO flow rate to have the SO to coal ratio of 1.00.

Exploring the synergy between nano-influencers and sports community: behavior mapping through machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Yadav ◽  
Madhvendra Misra ◽  
Nripendra P. Rana ◽  
Kuldeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Semantic Orientation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the influence of cybersecurity on the semantic orientation of the sports consumers. Focusing on both sport and esports, this study finds the social media factors contributing in the sentiment formation and commenting behavior on Twitter and proposes a scheme for attitude modulation through identification of highly engaged nano-influencers.Design/methodology/approachExperimental design was used as the research methodology. Data mining from Twitter using RStudio software was conducted using the keyword “cybersecurity” during the time of pandemic. Final corpus of 31,891 tweets were considered for the study. Initial sentiment analysis has been conducted to explore the consumer's emotional inclination towards cybersecurity. Further through generalized equation modeling the impact of social media attributes over the consumer's posting behavior has been analyzed.FindingsThe research findings reveal that users are inherently positive towards cybersecurity adoption in sports and the factors such as number of tweets, number of positive words contained in these tweets and the authenticity of the information source boost the pre-established tweeting behavior. However, the influx of information from non-organizational sources such as trending topics and discussions have negative impact over the users.Originality/valueThis study is first to explore the role of nano-influencers as communication moderators over digital social platforms. This study offers a new understanding of key contributing attributes of sentiments formation over social media and offers a scheme of selection of nano-influencers to modulate the pre-established sentiments of the users. Finally, the current study offers valuable insights into social media engagements and selection of nano-influencers for practicing marketing managers.

A Multiphase Eulerian-Eulerian CFD Simulation of Fluidized Bed Gasification Using Malaysian Low-Rank Coal-Merit Pila

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamariah Md Isa ◽  
Kahar Osman ◽  
Nor Fadzilah Othman ◽  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Norhakem Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Granular Particle ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

A multiphase Eulerian- eulerian model integrating the kinetic theory of granular particle (KTGF) was used to simulate the gasification of Malaysian low- rank coal (LRC), Merit- Pila inside a bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) gasifier. The model used includes the bubbling phenomenon and gasificationprocess that occurs inside a BFB gasifier. The gasification process simulated includes drying, heterogeneous reactions of char combustion, devolatilization, water- gas shift reaction, Boudourd reactionand gas phase homogenous reactions. The results from this model are compared to the results of Merit-Pila coal gasification, from which experimental data is available. Comparison of the pressure profile shows good agreement with experimental results. The temperature distribution shows that the maximum temperature is around 1100K which also shows good agreement with experimental values which is 1087K. Besides that, three out of six species mass fraction which is N2, H2 and CH4 produced similar values with experimental values. This shows the simulation conducted was capable to predict the gasification process of Low- rank coal, namely Merit-Pila.

Steam Biomass Gasification - Effect of Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Baláš ◽  
Martin Lisý ◽  
Jiří Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Impact

Gasification is one of the technologies for utilization of biomass. Gasification is a transformation process that converts solid fuels into gaseous fuels. The gaseous fuel may be subsequently applied in other technologies with all the benefits that gaseous fuels provide. The principle of biomass gasification is a common knowledge. It is thermochemical decomposition oof the fuel in presence of gasification agent. Heat from the endothermic reaction is obtained by a partial combustion of the fuel (autothermal gasification) or the heat is supplied into a gasifier from the outside (allothermal gasification). Oxygen for the partial combustion is supplied in the gasification medium. Quality, composition and amount of the producer gas depend on many factors which include type of the gasifier, operating temperature and pressure, fuel properties (moisture content) and type and amount of gasification medium. Commonly, air, steam and oxygen and their combinations are used as a gasification medium. Every kind of gasification agents has its significant advantages and disadvantages.Research and analysis of the gasification process must pay special attention to all operating parameters which affect quality and amount of the producer gas that is the efficiency of the conversion itself. Composition of the producer gas, calorific value, and content and composition of impurities are especially observed as these are the basic characteristics directly affecting subsequent application of the gas. Steam addition has a significant impact on gas composition. Steam decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen, and their subsequent reactions increases amount of combustibles, hydrogen, methane and other hydrocarbons. Steam addition in the gasification also affects amount and composition of tar and has a negative impact on heat balance.Energy Institute at the Brno University of Technology has a long tradition in research of biomass gasification in atmospheric fluidized bed reactors. Air was used as a gasification medium. This paper describes our experience with gasification using a mixture of air and steam. We analysed the whole process and in this paper we wish to describe the impact of temperature on outputs of the process, especially temperature of leaving steam and temperature of gasification reactions.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF VADOSE ZONE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AUDIT OF SELECTED CEMETERIES AROUND OSUN STATE, SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Charles A. Oyelami ◽  
Tesleem O. Kolawole ◽  
Gabriel S. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
State Experience

Cemeteries have been identified as a possible source of groundwater and environmental pollution. This may be due to wrong siting of cemeteries, poor soil selection and very thin vadose zone. Over the years, most communities around Osun State experience a number of communicable diseases like dysentery, diarrhea and typhoid, especially after episodes of flash floods. Therefore, this study was carried out to audit the impact of burial practices on the immediate environment viz-a-viz their interaction with both surface and groundwater which forms the main source of potable water for the communities. Method of approach include; assessing possible water contamination, studying the vadose hydrological characteristics as well as studying the geotechnical properties of soils within the vadose zone. Water samples from the vicinity of both cemeteries shows probable contamination with an average pH of 6.19 for Ede and 6.57 for Iragbiji, EC with an average 480μS for Ede and 1210μS for Iragbiji. Biological constituents found within the area include; enterobacteriaceae (salmonella spp., serratia spp., proteus spp., shigella spp.), suggesting likely contamination of both surface and groundwater around the vicinity of the cemeteries. Most cations and anions analysed for (Mg2+, NO3-, SO42-, and PO43-) comply with the WHO standards based on their maximum permissible limits (MPL). Geotechnical investigations revealed that soils within the study areas are largely unsuitable for a standard cemetery due to their high moisture content, poor grading characteristics, low compaction value, poor hydraulic characteristics and shallow water level. The study concluded that cemeteries from both towns have a negative impact on their immediate environment due to poor selection of soil materials (porous and permeable sandy soil) as reflected in the quality of surface and groundwater.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of individualized protective ventilation on the lung mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
T.S. Kuzmenko ◽  
S.I. Vorotyntsev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Protective Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Pulmonary Compliance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of individualized protective ventilation support on pulmonary mecha-nics. The study included 47 patients who underwent open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. All patients had a moderate to high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications by the ARISCAT scale. Intraoperatively, the impact of individualized protective ventilation on respiratory mechanics, namely Ppeak, Pplat, Pdrive, dynamic pulmonary compliance was assessed. Individualized protective respiratory support was ventilation with a tidal volume of 7 ml/kg of ideal body weight, with the selection of the optimal level of positive pressure at the end of exhalation (PEEP), focusing on dynamic pulmonary compliance and performing recruiting maneuver, and then in the case of a decrease in dynamic pulmonary compliance by more than 20 %, followed by re-selection of PEEP. The studied parameters were recorded before and after the recruiting maneuver, as well as on the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th, 180th minutes after the recruiting maneuver, depending on the duration of the operation. The use of alveolar straightening techniques led to an improvement in pulmonary mechanics, namely, an increase in dynamic pulmonary compliance by 16 % and a decrease in Pdrive by 17 %. The intraoperative level of PEEP averaged 4 [4; 5] cm of water. No cases of hypoxemia or recurrence of recruiting maneuver were reported. The obtained results indicate that chosen technique of recruiting maneuver is effective and safe, and its use allows reducing the negative impact of mechanical ventilation. The study did not find a statistically significant correlation between the level of PEEP and the value of dynamic pulmonary compliance. Such data prove the need for individual selection of ventilation parameters according to the characteristics of the mechanical properties of each patient.

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