scholarly journals Selective Uropathogenic E. coli Detection Using Crossed Surface-Relief Gratings

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijit Nair ◽  
Juan Gomez-Cruz ◽  
Ángel Manjarrez-Hernandez ◽  
Gabriel Ascanio ◽  
Ribal Sabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Surface Relief Gratings ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the major burdens on public healthcare worldwide. One of the primary causes of UTIs is the invasion of the urinary tract by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Improper treatment of bacterial infections like UTIs with broad-spectrum antibiotics has contributed to the rise of antimicrobial resistance, necessitating the development of an inexpensive, rapid and accurate detection of UPEC. Here, we present real-time, selective and label-free detection of UPEC using crossed surface-relief gratings (CSRGs) as nanometallic sensors incorporated into an optical sensing platform. CSRGs enable real-time sensing due to their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based light energy exchange, resulting in detection of a very-narrow-bandwidth SPR signal after the elimination of residual incident light. The platform’s sensing ability is experimentally demonstrated by the detection of bulk refractive index (RI) changes, with a bulk sensitivity of 382.2 nm/RIU and a resolution in the order of 10−6 RIU. We also demonstrate, for the first time, CSRG-based real-time selective capture and detection of UPEC in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, in clinically relevant concentrations, as opposed to other UTI-causing Gram-negative bacteria. The platform’s detection limit is calculated to be 105 CFU/mL (concentration on par with the clinical threshold for UTI diagnosis), with a dynamic range spanning four orders of magnitude. This work paves the way for the development of inexpensive point-of-care diagnosis devices focusing on effective treatment of UTIs, which are a burden on public healthcare due to the rise in the number of cases and their recurrences in the recent past.

scholarly journals Selective Uropathogenic E. coli Detection using Crossed Surface Relief Gratings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijit Nair ◽  
Juan Gomez-Cruz ◽  
Angel Manjarrez-Hernandez ◽  
Gabriel Ascanio ◽  
Ribal Georges Sabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Surface Relief Gratings ◽  
Tract Infections

Given the rise in the number of cases and their recurrences, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are one of the major burdens on public healthcare worldwide. Rapid, inexpensive and selective detection of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), a major contributor to UTIs, is the need of the hour for effective treatment, given the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to improper diagnosis. Here we present a rapid, real-time, selective and label-free detection of UPEC using an integrated sensing platform based on Crossed Surface Relief Gratings (CSRGs) as nanoplasmonic sensors. Detection is achieved due to the unique Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based light energy exchange attributed to the CSRGs, allowing real-time sensing in a very narrow bandwidth of the incident light to pass where the SPR energy conversion occurs. The sensing ability of the platform is experimentally demonstrated by the detection of bulk Refractive Index (RI) changes, with a bulk sensitivity of 382.2 nm/RIU and a resolution in the order of 10-6 RIU. We demonstrate selective capture and detection of clinical concentration of UPEC, as opposed to other gram-negative bacteria, in real-time, a first for CSRGs. This work is particularly important for effective treatment of UTIs, allowing point-of-care diagnosis for economically disadvantaged regions around the world.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study on hospitalised patients with suspected urinary tract infection and risk factors por multidrug resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Garcia-Bustos ◽  
Ana Isabel Renau Escrig ◽  
Cristina Campo López ◽  
Rosario Alonso Estellés ◽  
Koen Jerusalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and a frequent cause for hospitalization in the elderly. The aim of our study was to analyse epidemiological, microbiological, therapeutic, and prognostic of elderly hospitalised patients with and to determine independent risk factors for multidrug resistance and its outcome implications. A single-centre observational prospective cohort analysis of 163 adult patients hospitalized for suspected symptomatic UTI in the Departments of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Short-Stay Medical Unit of a tertiary hospital was conducted. Most patients currently admitted to hospital for UTI are elderly and usually present high comorbidity and severe dependence. More than 55% met sepsis criteria but presented with atypical symptoms. Usual risk factors for multidrug resistant pathogens were frequent. Almost one out of five patients had been hospitalized in the 90 days prior to the current admission and over 40% of patients had been treated with antibiotic in the previous 90 days. Infection by MDR bacteria was independently associated with the previous stay in nursing homes or long-term care facilities (LTCF) (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.17–29.00), permanent bladder catheter (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.00–12.50) and urinary incontinence (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.04–6.68). The degree of dependence and comorbidity, female sex, obesity, and bacteraemia were independent predictors of longer hospital stay. The epidemiology and presentation of UTIs requiring hospitalisation is changing over time. Attention should be paid to improve management of urinary incontinence, judicious catheterisation, and antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Trends in Nursing Research on Infections: Semantic Network Analysis and Topic Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6915
Author(s):  
Jongsoon Won ◽  
Kyunghee Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Yae Sohng ◽  
Sung-Ok Chang ◽  
Seung-Kyo Chaung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Many countries around the world are currently threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, and nurses are facing increasing responsibilities and work demands related to infection control. To establish a developmental strategy for infection control, it is important to analyze, understand, or visualize the accumulated data gathered from research in the field of nursing. Methods: A total of 4854 articles published between 1978 and 2017 were retrieved from the Web of Science. Abstracts from these articles were extracted, and network analysis was conducted using the semantic network module. Results: ‘wound’, ‘injury’, ‘breast’, “dressing”, ‘temperature’, ‘drainage’, ‘diabetes’, ‘abscess’, and ‘cleaning’ were identified as the keywords with high values of degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality; hence, they were determined to be influential in the network. The major topics were ‘PLWH’ (people living with HIV), ‘pregnancy’, and ‘STI’ (sexually transmitted infection). Conclusions: Diverse infection research has been conducted on the topics of blood-borne infections, sexually transmitted infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and bacterial infections. STIs (including HIV), pregnancy, and bacterial infections have been the focus of particularly intense research by nursing researchers. More research on viral infections, urinary tract infections, immune topic, and hospital-acquired infections will be needed.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

scholarly journals A comparative study of various screening tests of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in pregnant women attending Antenatal Outpatient Department’

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Dr. Savitha B Hiremath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Microscopy

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in pregnancy.Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine of an individualwithout symptoms of urinary tract infection. ASB which occurs in 2-11% of pregnancies is a majorpredisposition to the development of pyelonephritis. Aims and objectives: The aims and objectivesof the study were to: Study the effectiveness of various screening tests: urine microscopy, gramstain, catalase test, leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test and to compare their sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Materials and Methods: Thestudy included 500 pregnant women attending the outpatient department over 18 months. The urinesamples collected in sterile containers were screened for urine microscopy, gram stain, catalase test,leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test. The samples were processed on CLED (Cysteine lactoseelectrolyte deficient) agar as the standard against which other screening tests are identified.Results: Gram’s stain (89.34%) was the most sensitive of all and the least reliable test was thecatalase test among the methods of screening tests. Conclusion: Urine culture is considered to bethe gold standard in detecting ASB in pregnant women. Gram’s stain of urine is a good screeningtest when compared to other screening methods. Screening for bacteria in all trimesters isnecessary to prevent the dangerous complications associated with ASB.

#54: Sensitivity and Specificity of Procalcitonin vs C Reactive Protein in Identifying Pediatric Bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S16-S16
Author(s):  
Sara Kim ◽  
Avni Bhatt ◽  
Silvana Carr ◽  
Frances Saccoccio ◽  
Judy Lew
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Serious Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Procalcitonin (PCT) and c-reactive protein (CRP) have been utilized in children to assess risk for serious bacterial infections. However, there have been different cut-offs reported for PCT and CRP, which yield different sensitivity and specificity. This study aims to compare the sensitivity and specificity of PCT and CRP in detecting serious bacterial infections (SBIs), specifically urinary tract infections, bacteremia and meningitis. Methods In this retrospective, single center cohort study from January 2018 to June 2019, we analyzed children with a fever greater than 38C with both PCT and CRP value within 24 hours of admission. Each patient had a blood, urine and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture collected within 48 hours of admission. No antibiotics were administered from the admitting hospital prior to collection of the PCT or CRP. Our gold standard was a positive culture obtained from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. The statistical analysis included categorical variables as percentages and compared them using the Fisher exact test. The optimal cutoff values for PCT or CRP were based on ROC curve analysis and Youden Index. Sensitivity and specificity analysis were based on literature review cut offs and ROC curves cut offs. Results Among 202 children, we had 45 culture positive patients (11 urinary tract infections, 4 meningitis, and 32 bacteremia). The patients with culture positivity had higher PCT levels (7.9 ng/mL vs 2.5 ng/mL, P=0.0111), CRP levels (110.9 mg/L vs 49.6 mg/L, P<0.0001) and temperature (39.2C vs 39C, P<0.0052). The area under the curve (AUC) comparing culture positivity vs negativity for all culture types was 0.72 (p<0.0001) for PCT and 0.66 (p=0.001) for CRP. In Figure 1, the AUC for culture positive bacteremia was 0.68 (p=0.0011) for PCT and 0.70 (p=0.0003). The AUC for culture positive urinary tract infections (UTI) only was 0.86 (p=0.0001) for PCT and 0.70 (p=0.3607). For the cut-off value for PCT at 0.5 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5–0.77) and 70% (95% CI 0.62–0.77) respectively in identifying children with bacterial infection. For the cut-off value for CRP at 20 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity was 67% (95% CI 0.52–0.79) and 52% (95% CI 0.44–0.59) respectively in identifying children with bacterial infection. Conclusion In this study, PCT and CRP are nearly equivalent classifiers for detecting SBIs as a group and bacteremia, but PCT is statistically better for urinary tract infections; however, the clinical utility is unknown.

Assessment of symptoms on patients with urinary tract infections and adherence to medications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1740-1744
Author(s):  
Eva Lorel Kouassi ◽  
Abdul Wahid Ishaque ◽  
Amulya P. Shetty ◽  
Rimpa Devi ◽  
Sheethal Kuriakose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
The Impact

Although urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common bacterial infections worldwide, their assessment remains a big clinical challenge, because they are not reportable diseases in developed countries like United States and any other parts of the world including India. This situation is further complicated by the fact that accurate diagnosis depends on both the presence of symptoms and a positive urine culture, although in most outpatient settings this diagnosis is made without the benefit of culture. Our study aimed to appraise the impact of urinary tract infections symptoms on selected patients and comprehend their adherence to medications despite the challenges of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance observed. One hundred and twenty patients with confirmed cases of urinary tract infections were recruited for the study. The mean age of females and males patients was found to be 59.86±2.37and 52.27±3 years respectively. Pertinent descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Spearman correlation test revealed a strong positive correlation between overall UTIs’ symptoms and their impact on patients at baseline (0.84) and at follow up (0.799) with p value =0.5. On the other hand the majority of patients were found to be adherent to the medications after discharge. The current study revealed that Urinary tract infections if left untreated can negatively impact the lives of patients suffering from it and hinder their adherence to medications. Consequently, accurate and early assessment of UTIs’ symptoms in clinics and hospitals becomes a necessity.

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