scholarly journals Recent Development of Flexible and Stretchable Antennas for Bio-Integrated Electronics

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Huanyu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Integrated Electronics ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
Conductive Fillers

Wireless technology plays an important role in data communication and power transmission, which has greatly boosted the development of flexible and stretchable electronics for biomedical applications and beyond. As a key component in wireless technology, flexible and stretchable antennas need to be flexible and stretchable, enabled by the efforts with new materials or novel integration approaches with structural designs. Besides replacing the conventional rigid substrates with textile or elastomeric ones, flexible and stretchable conductive materials also need to be used for the radiation parts, including conductive textiles, liquid metals, elastomeric composites embedding conductive fillers, and stretchable structures from conventional metals. As the microwave performance of the antenna (e.g., resonance frequency, radiation pattern, and radiation efficiency) strongly depend on the mechanical deformations, the new materials and novel structures need to be carefully designed. Despite the rapid progress in the burgeoning field of flexible and stretchable antennas, plenty of challenges, as well as opportunities, still exist to achieve miniaturized antennas with a stable or tunable performance at a low cost for bio-integrated electronics.

scholarly journals Solidified Liquid Metal with Regulated Plasticity for Channel-Free Construction of 3D Structured Flexible Electronics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Mingyang Zhang ◽  
Sanhu Liu ◽  
Man Yuan ◽  
Junjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Integrated Electronics ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Led Array ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract Gallium alloy based liquid metals (LMs) have shown great promise for soft and stretchable electronics in virtue of intrinsic fluidity and metallic conductivity. However, it has been a challenge by using LM to construct 3D structured circuits which are crucial for building flexible electronics with high integration. Hereby, taking advantage of the solid-liquid phase transition and plastic deformation of a Ga-10In LM alloy, we propose a novel strategy to fabricate LM based flexible electronic devices, in particular comprised of 3D circuits, without the need to pre-fabricate microchannels. We demonstrate applications including 3D interconnect arches for the integration of a multi-channel LED array, a 3D structured wearable sensor and a multilayer flexible circuit board for monitoring of finger movement. The current work provides a facile strategy for constructing LM based flexible electronics, which is of particular interest for building highly integrated electronics of hierarchical structure involving complicated 3D circuits.

scholarly journals Modeling and Evaluation of Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT)-Based Through-Metal Energy and Data Transfer

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3304
Author(s):  
Lianghui Ding ◽  
Kehong Chen ◽  
Falong Huang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Liang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Acoustic Pressure ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Alloy Plate

Through-metal transfer of energy and data using piezoelectric transduce can avoid the potential leakage problem caused by physical penetrations and wired feed-through. The through-metal transfer efficiency of energy or data is determined by the relative pressure on the receiving PZT (piezoelectric transducer). Hence, in this paper, we first propose the Spatial Equivalent Plane Acoustic Pressure (SEPAP), which is defined as the integration of the acoustic pressure over the receiving area, to model the pressure on the receiving PZT. Then we analyze the features of SEPAP and the factors impacting it by utilizing COMSOL. Furthermore, we propose a low-cost and small-size prototype for simultaneous transfer of energy and bidirectional communication through metal by using two pairs of PZTs working on different resonant frequencies. Extensive experiment has been done on evaluating the match between SEPAP transfer efficiency and the power transfer efficiency and analyzing the achievable data rate for bi-directional communication. Test through a 20 mm aluminum alloy plate shows that power transmission with efficiency 20.3% and data communication rate up to 38.4 Kbps can be achieved simultaneously.

scholarly journals A 40 Mb/s VLC System Reusing an Existing Large LED Panel in an Indoor Office Environment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Xicong Li ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvánovec ◽  
Paul Anthony Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Light Sources

With advances in solid-state lighting, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance existing light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting infrastructure by adding data communication capabilities to the illumination functionality. The last decade has witnessed the evolution of the VLC concept through global standardisation and product launches. Deploying VLC systems typically requires replacing existing light sources with new luminaires that are equipped with data communication functionality. To save the investment, it is clearly desirable to make the most of the existing illumination systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of adding data communication functionality to the existing lighting infrastructure. We do this by designing an experimental system in an indoor environment based on an off-the-shelf LED panel typically used in office environments, with the dimensions of 60 × 60 cm2. With minor modifications, the VLC function is implemented, and all of the modules of the LED panel are fully reused. A data rate of 40 Mb/s is supported at a distance of up to 2 m while using the multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation. Two main limiting factors for achieving higher data rates are observed. The first factor is the limited bandwidth of the LED string inside the panel. The second is the flicker due to the residual ripple of the bias current that is generated by the panel’s driver. Flicker is introduced by the low-cost driver, which provides bias currents that fluctuate in the low frequency range (less than several kilohertz). This significantly reduces the transmitter’s modulation depth. Concurrently, the driver can also introduce an effect that is similar to baseline wander at the receiver if the flicker is not completely filtered out. We also proposed a solution based on digital signal processing (DSP) to mitigate the flicker issue at the receiver side and its effectiveness has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Sensor Networks for Structures Health Monitoring: Placement, Implementations, and Challenges—A Review

Vibration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-584
Author(s):  
Samir Mustapha ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Ching-Tai Ng ◽  
Pawel Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Successful Case

The development of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems and their integration in actual structures has become a necessity as it can provide a robust and low-cost solution for monitoring the structural integrity of and the ability to predict the remaining life of structures. In this review, we aim at focusing on one of the important issues of SHM, the design, and implementation of sensor networks. Location and number of sensors, in any SHM system, are of high importance as they impact the system integration, system performance, and accuracy of assessment, as well as the total cost. Hence we are interested in shedding the light on the sensor networks as an essential component of SHM systems. The review discusses several important parameters including design and optimization of sensor networks, development of academic and commercial solutions, powering of sensors, data communication, data transmission, and analytics. Finally, we presented some successful case studies including the challenges and limitations associated with the sensor networks.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SPACE TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVE AT THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Folasade Dahunsi ◽  
Oluwasina Aderinwale ◽  
Abayomi Adesida ◽  
Abiola Alayande ◽  
J. Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Means Of Transmission

Satellite communication is a wireless means of transmission of intelligible signals/information. When properly utilized it will bring about a great and positive development on the economic growth of any nation. The Federal Government of Nigeria made a giant step in the communication sector by launching five satellites into space: NigeriaSat-1, NigComSat- 1, NigeriaSat-2r, NigeriaSat-X and NigComSat-1R. With adequate spatial information, informed decisions can be made by stakeholders and adequate steps taken to ensure the growth of the nation. Demand for training capacity building in space technology is increasing. Unfortunately, space technology is a relatively expensive field with ongoing research for affordable training approaches. This paper presents methods of building capacity by developing Demo Satellites that receive telemetry data with radiofrequency and internet of things communication protocol. Web Dashboard was developed for remote monitoring of ground station and for exploring mobility in data communication, Localization was achieved to also track the Demo Satellites and the ground station in real-time. It is shown that the implementation of a low-cost capacity building programme is not only possible but a goal that should be aimed at. Multiple segments in the design of the schematics produced can be reused. It presents a pioneer satellite constellation prototype that displays the capabilities of a satellite in solving some of the country’s challenges and creating awareness on space research and its trends.

Implementation and Application of QoS in Power Ethernet Switch

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Shan Qiang Feng ◽  
Chun Chao Hu ◽  
Kai Ma ◽  
Xiao Yue Zhang ◽  
Wen Qing Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Digital Substation ◽  
Network Transmission ◽  
Ethernet Switch

Smart grid based on Ethernet technology is the development direction of power transmission network, power Ethernet carried different data communication service, which have different needs for network transmission time delay and bandwidth guarantee, which is reflected in the quality of service of network QoS (Quality of Service) requirements, in power Ethernet, QoS which can provided differentiated services (Diff-Serv) is essential. This paper outlines QoS implementation, QoS feature and related technologies in the power Ethernet switch, and analyses the flow characteristics of digital substation network, and proposes classification and scheduling scheme of service traffic based on network nodes, and elaborates an important effect that QoS has in ensuring substation communication network transmission of high quality service.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Removal with a Polyurethane Foam Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Pereira Schoeler ◽  
Thays França Afonso ◽  
Carolina Faccio Demarco ◽  
Victor dos Santos Barboza ◽  
Tito Roberto Sant'anna Cadaval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Free Expansion ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Foam Composite ◽  
Basic Sanitation

Abstract The pandemic of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 disease) has been causing unprecedented health and economic impacts, alerting the world to the importance of basic sanitation and existing social inequalities. The risk of the spread and appearance of new diseases highlights the need for the removal of these pathogens through efficient techniques and materials. This study aimed to develop a polyurethane (PU) biofoam filled with dregs waste (leftover from the pulp and paper industry) for removal SARS-CoV-2 from the water. The biofoam was prepared by the free expansion method with the incorporation of 5wt% of dregs as a filler. For the removal assays, the all materials and its isolated phases were incubated for 24h with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viral suspension. Then, the RNA was extracted and the viral load was quantified using the quantitative reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) technique. The biofoam (polyurethane/dregs) reached a great removal percentage of 91.55%, whereas the isolated dregs waste was 99.03%, commercial activated carbon was 99.64%, commercial activated carbon/polyurethane was 99.30%, and neat PU foam reached was 99.96% for this same property and without statistical difference. Those new materials endowed with low cost and high removal efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 as alternatives to conventional adsorbents.

scholarly journals Wireless Technology for Monitoring Site-specific Landslide in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Gian Quoc-Anh ◽  
Nguyen Dinh-Chinh ◽  
Tran Duc-Nghia ◽  
Tran Duc-Tan ◽  
Kieu Nguyen Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Current Monitoring

<p>Climate change has caused an increasing number of landslides, especially in the mountainous provinces of Vietnam, resulting in the destruction of vital transport and other infrastructure. Current monitoring and forecasting systems of the meteorology department cannot deliver accurate and reliable forecasts for weather events and issue timely warnings. This paper describes the development of a simple, low cost, and efficient system for monitoring and warning landslide in real-time. The authors focus on the use of wireless and related technologies in the implementation of a technical solution and some of the problems of the wireless sensor network (WSN) related to power consumption. Promising compressed sensing (CS) based solution for landslide monitoring is discussed and evaluated in the paper.</p>

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