scholarly journals A Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Method for In-Field Motor Speed Measurement Based on a Smartphone

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4317
Author(s):  
Paula Paramo-Balsa ◽  
Juan Manuel Roldan-Fernandez ◽  
Manuel Burgos-Payan ◽  
Jesus Manuel Riquelme-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Harmonic Spectrum ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Motor Noise ◽  
Speed Measurement

Induction motors are broadly used as drivers of a large variety of industrial equipment. A proper measurement of the motor rotation speed is essential to monitor the performance of most industrial drives. As an example, the measurement of rotor speed is a simple and broadly used industrial method to estimate the motor’s efficiency or mechanical load. In this work, a new low-cost non-intrusive method for in-field motor speed measurement, based on the spectral analysis of the motor audible noise, is proposed. The motor noise is acquired using a smartphone and processed by a MATLAB-based routine, which determines the rotation speed by identifying the rotor shaft mechanical frequency from the harmonic spectrum of the noise signal. This work intends to test the hypothesis that the emitted motor noise, like mechanical vibrations, contains a frequency component due to the rotation speed which, to the authors’ knowledge, has thus far been disregarded for the purpose of speed measurement. The experimental results of a variety of tests, from no load to full load, including the use of a frequency converter, found that relative errors on the speed estimation were always lower than 0.151%. These findings proved the versatility, robustness, and accuracy of the proposed method.

Classification Research of Rotation Speed Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 998-1003
Author(s):  
Zhe Zheng ◽  
Ren Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Speed Measurement

Instantaneous speed measurement system can accurately measure the rotating target and realize the rotation direction judgment. It plays a very important role in industrial applications, as monitoring or controlling the rotation speed of transmitter, motor, turbine. With the development of technology, a modern speed measurement system is demanded to be intelligent, high integration, high precision, high reliability, and low cost etc. Based on the large number of literatures, this paper is a comprehensive review of the principle and application of domestic and foreign mature technology of rotation speed measurement method at present. Through the systematic classification, relationship between the different speed measurements is revealed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different measuring sensor are presented, so that readers can choose reasonable speed measurement method depending on the application, the actual measurement requirements and the test purposes.

Online Speed Detection of Induction Motors Based on Tooth Harmonic

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 2517-2521
Author(s):  
Qing Xin Zhang ◽  
Hai Bin Li ◽  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motors ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Stator Core ◽  
Current Harmonic ◽  
Stator Current ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Air Gap Magnetic Field ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Many methods have been used to detect the motor speed. All of these methods are based on the parameter equation of motor and the detection results are influenced by parameters of induction motor more or less. The research of Speed Measurement method without of Motor parameters effect is very significant. Based on the harmonic generated in the air gap magnetic field by the stator core on the alveolar surface, directly by the analysis and testing of stator current harmonic, the rotor speed is detected which is proportional to the speed of frequency components. Experiment results show that this method is good, and the accuracy achieve a desired effect in real time.

scholarly journals Lifetime Analysis of Rubber Gasket Composed of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber with Low-Temperature Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Young-Doo Kwon ◽  
Seong-Hwa Jun ◽  
Ji-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accelerated Life Test ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Lifetime Analysis

Most machines and instruments constantly require elastomeric materials like rubber for the purposes of shock absorption, noise attenuation, and sealing. The material properties and accurate lifetime prediction of rubber are closely related to the quality of machines, especially their durability and reliability. The properties of rubber-like elastomers are influenced by ambient conditions, such as temperature, environment, and mechanical load. Moreover, the initial properties of rubber gaskets must be sustained under working conditions to satisfy their required function. Because of its technical merits, as well as its low cost, the highly accelerated life test (HALT) is used by many researchers to predict the long-term lifetime of rubber materials. Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) has recently been adopted to improve the lifetime of automobile radiator gaskets. A four-parameter method of determining the recovery ability of the gaskets was recently published, and two revised methods of obtaining the recovery were proposed for polyacrylate (ACM) rubber. The recovery rate curves for VMQ were acquired using the successive zooming genetic algorithm (SZGA). The gasket lifetime for the target recovery (60%) of a compressed gasket was computed somewhat differently depending on the selected regression model.

Analisis Sistem Kelistrikan pada Beban Motor Mesin Pencacah Sampah Plastik

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanolanda Suzantry Handayani ◽  
Junas Haidi ◽  
Agun Mardian
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern era, the activities of almost all humans depend on machines they make, such as single-phase induction electric motors, which are used to chop plastic waste. This chopping machine aims to help plastic collectors process plastic waste into small pieces, making it easier to pack and ship plastic out of the area for reprocessing. The plastic waste shredding machine is made using a crushing system with a fan-shaped blade construction consisting of 39 blades divided by two rotating rows opposite the cover box using a chain motor gear transmission element. Most of the chopper machines on the market use engines with diesel or diesel fuel, therefore a chopper machine using an electric motor is designed to compare the motor power without the addition of capacitors and capacitors. The waste load used for motors without additional capacitors, medium and large bottles measuring 375 ml to 1500 ml, the machine can chop as much as 800 grams with the highest measurement of power 578.0 Watt, current 4.192 A, the lowest motor speed measurement is 1414 rpm and the reducer speed is 22.9 rpm . The waste load used for motors with additional capacitors, medium and large bottles measuring 375 ml to 1500 ml, the machine can chop 1000 grams with the highest measurement of power 732.7 Watt, current 4.149 A, the lowest motor speed measurement is 1464 rpm and the reducer speed is 22.9 rpm.

scholarly journals Sensor-less Brushed DC Motor Speed Control with Intelligent Controllers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Amir Salmaninejad ◽  
Rene V. Mayorga
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Motor Shaft ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Intelligent Controllers

A Direct Current (DC) Motor is usually supposed to be operated at a desired speed even if the load on the shaft is exposed to changes. One of its applications is in automatic door controllers like elevator automatic door drivers. Initially, to achieve this aim, a closed loop control can be applied. The speed feedback is usually prepared by a sensor (encoder or tachometer) coupled to the motor shaft. Most of these sensors do not always perform well, especially in elevator systems, where high levels of noise, physical tensions of the mobile car, and maintenance technicians walking on the car, make this environment too noisy. This Paper presents a new approach for precise closed loop control of the DC motor speed without a feedback sensor, while the output load is variable. The speed here is estimated by the Back EMF (BEMF) voltage obtained from the armature current. First, it is shown that a PID controller cannot control this process alone, and then intelligent controllers, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), assisting PID are applied to control this process. Finally, these controllers’ performance subjected to a variable mechanical load on the motor shaft are compared.

scholarly journals Wind Turbine Noise Reduction from Seismological Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Heuel ◽  
Wolfgang Friederich
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Threshold Function ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Before And After

<p>Over the last years, installations of wind turbines (WTs) increased worldwide. Owing to<br>negative effects on humans, WTs are often installed in areas with low population density.<br>Because of low anthropogenic noise, these areas are also well suited for sites of<br>seismological stations. As a consequence, WTs are often installed in the same areas as<br>seismological stations. By comparing the noise in recorded data before and after<br>installation of WTs, seismologists noticed a substantial worsening of station quality leading<br>to conflicts between the operators of WTs and earthquake services.</p><p>In this study, we compare different techniques to reduce or eliminate the disturbing signal<br>from WTs at seismological stations. For this purpose, we selected a seismological station<br>that shows a significant correlation between the power spectral density and the hourly<br>windspeed measurements. Usually, spectral filtering is used to suppress noise in seismic<br>data processing. However, this approach is not effective when noise and signal have<br>overlapping frequency bands which is the case for WT noise. As a first method, we applied<br>the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) on our data to obtain a time-scale representation.<br>From this representation, we estimated a noise threshold function (Langston & Mousavi,<br>2019) either from noise before the theoretical P-arrival (pre-noise) or using a noise signal<br>from the past with similar ground velocity conditions at the surrounding WTs. Therefore, we<br>installed low cost seismometers at the surrounding WTs to find similar signals at each WT.<br>From these similar signals, we obtain a noise model at the seismological station, which is<br>used to estimate the threshold function. As a second method, we used a denoising<br>autoencoder (DAE) that learns mapping functions to distinguish between noise and signal<br>(Zhu et al., 2019).</p><p>In our tests, the threshold function performs well when the event is visible in the raw or<br>spectral filtered data, but it fails when WT noise dominates and the event is hidden. In<br>these cases, the DAE removes the WT noise from the data. However, the DAE must be<br>trained with typical noise samples and high signal-to-noise ratio events to distinguish<br>between signal and interfering noise. Using the threshold function and pre-noise can be<br>applied immediately on real-time data and has a low computational cost. Using a noise<br>model from our prerecorded database at the seismological station does not improve the<br>result and it is more time consuming to find similar ground velocity conditions at the<br>surrounding WTs.</p>

All-fiber rotation speed measurement based on dual-beam speckle interference

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (14) ◽  
pp. 4064
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Zhen Huang ◽  
YuTing Dang ◽  
Biao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Dual Beam

Leakage Flow Detection in a Fluid Power Speed Control System Using a Personal-Computer-Based Condition Monitoring Package

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Watton ◽  
D J Creber
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Leakage Flows ◽  
Speed Control System ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Flow Detection ◽  
Analogue To Digital

A relatively low-cost personal-computer-based system is used to condition monitor a servo-valve-motor speed control system. Line pressures-flowrates together with motor torque-speed are monitored via 12 bit analogue to digital converters, and a set of performance characteristics are transformed into a mathematical model for the system in its run-in condition. Leakage flows are then introduced from each line, to simulate the onset of failure, and across the lines to simulate motor cross-port leakage deterioration. A graphics and software package is then developed and used to indicate which of the faults is occurring.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Compound Control for Nonsinusoidal Vibration of the Mold Driven by Servo Motor with Variable Speed

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yi-ming Fang ◽  
Jian-xiong Li ◽  
Zhuang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Compound Control ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, a fuzzy PI control method based on nonlinear feedforward compensation is proposed for the nonsinusoidal vibration system of mold driven by servo motor, rotated in single direction with variable speed. During controller design, there are mainly two issues to consider: (i) nonlinear relationship (approximate periodic function) between mold displacement and servo motor speed and (ii) uncertainties caused by backlash due to motor variable speed. So, firstly, the relationship between mold displacement and motor rotation speed is built directly based on the rotation vector method. Then, an observer is designed to estimate the uncertainties and feedforward compensation. Secondly, as the motor rotates in single direction with variable speed, a fuzzy control with bidirectional parameter adjustment is adopted to improve rapidity and stability based on the traditional PI method. Finally, some simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

scholarly journals Study of a Low-Cost Piezoelectric Sensor for Three Phase Induction Motor Load Estimation

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme B. Lucas ◽  
Bruno A. de Castro ◽  
Marco A. Rocha ◽  
Andre L. Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Load Estimation ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Induction Motor Load

Due the complexity of control and automation networks in modern industries, sensor-based systems stand out as effective approaches for failure detection in electrical and mechanical machines. This kind of intervention has a high operational value in industrial scenarios, once it can avoid corrective maintenance stops, i.e., before the failure reaches a high level of severity and compromises the machine. Consequently, the development of sensors applied to non-destructive techniques (NDT) for failure monitoring in electrical machines has become a recurrent theme in recent studies. In this context, this paper investigates the application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors for vibration analysis, which is an NDT that has already proved to be efficient for the detection of many structural anomalies in induction motors. Further, the proposed work presents a low-cost alternative approach for expensive commercial sensors, which will make this NDT more attractive for industrial applications. To describe the piezoelectric sensor frequency response, a pencil lead break (PLB) test was performed. After this validation, the Root Mean Square (RMS) value from the voltage samples obtained in the test bench was used as a signal processing method. A comparison between the results for different levels of mechanical load attached to the machine shaft indicated not only the successful performance of the low-cost sensors for load estimation purposes, but also showed that oversized motors may present higher vibration levels in some components that could cause mechanical wearing.

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