Morphological and Physiological Response of Different Lettuce Genotypes to Salt Stress

Salt stress (SS) refers to excessive soluble salt concentrations in the plant root zone. SS also causes cellular water deficits, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress in plants, all of which can cause growth inhibition, molecular damage, and even plant mortality. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has a threshold electrical conductivity of 1.3–2.0 dS/m. Thus, this research focused on physiological, morphological, and biochemical attributes in multiple lettuce genotypes under SS compared to plants grown under control conditions. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. One month after planting, the salt treatment was applied at the rate of 100 millimoles (mM). The 0 mM salt in water treatment was considered the control. A significant effect of SS on different morphological and physiological traits was observed in one-month-old lettuce plants. PI 212099, Buttercrunch-1, and PI 171676 were highly salt-tolerant. Genotypes with high salt tolerance usually had poor growth potential under control conditions. This suggests that the morphological and physiological response of 38 lettuce cultivars towards SS is genotype dependent. Identifying SS’s physiological, morphological, and biochemical attributes in lettuce may help plant-breeders develop salt-tolerant lettuce genotypes.

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Phenotypic performance of rice landraces under salinity stress in reproductive stage

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v28i1.32850 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MM Rashid ◽

L Hassan ◽

SN Begum

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Saline Condition ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Rice Landraces ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

An experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design to explore the performance of rice landraces under salinity stress condition at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. The experiment was consisted of five replication and three different salt treatments viz., EC-6 dSm-1, EC-8 dSm-1, EC-12 dSm-1 with one control condition. Analysis of variance for yield and yield contributing traits showed significant (p<0.01) variation among the genotypes. The performance of all the landraces with respect to yield and yield contributing traits differed from each other under saline condition. Hogla, TalMugur, Nona Bokhra were identified as tolerant to salinity compared to check Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and BRRI dhan47 at 12 dSm-1 salinity treatment. All the traits under this study reduced in the salt stress except days to 50% flowering. In higher salt stress landrace Tal Mugur showed maximum yield followed by Ghunshi and Hogla. The findings of this study can be used for further study and also for developing salt tolerant rice varieties.Progressive Agriculture 28 (1): 1-6, 2017

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Corn-Soybean Intercropping Improved the Nutritional Quality of Forage Cultivated on Podzols in Boreal Climate

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10051015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1015

Author(s):

Muhammad Zaeem ◽

Muhammad Nadeem ◽

Thu Huong Pham ◽

Waqar Ashiq ◽

Waqas Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Root Zone ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Plant Root ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Microbial Community Composition

Intercropping systems could be a potential source of nutrient-rich forage production in cool climates on podzolic soils common in boreal ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of corn–soybean intercropping (IC) on the nutritional quality of forage. Two silage corn varieties were cultivated as monocropping (MC) or were intercropped with three forage soybean varieties using a randomized complete block design. IC significantly increased the crude protein (22%) and decreased the acid detergent (14%) and neutral detergent (6%) fibers. Forage net energy, total digestible nutrients, ash, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and relative feed value were also significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in the IC treatments compared to corn MC. The macro and micro nutrients were higher in IC than corn MC. Intercropping increased the omega 3 fatty acid (FA) contents (67%) compared to corn MC. IC also increased the active microbial community in the plant root zone, which may contribute to the improvement in forage nutritional quality because the active soil microbial community composition showed significant correlations with soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium contents of the forage. These results demonstrate that corn–soybean IC could be a suitable cropping system to increase the nutritional quality of forage cultivated on podzols in boreal climates. The resultant forage has the potential to be a source of high-value animal feed for livestock production in cool climate regions of the world.

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Response of Lettuce Germplasm to Salt Stress at Different Developmental Stages

Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences ◽

10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Pavli OI ◽

◽

Kempapidis K ◽

Maggioros L ◽

Foti C ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Plant Level

Salinity is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses leading to considerable yield and economic losses worldwide. Lettuce is a relatively salt sensitive species, thus placing the interest in the release of salt-tolerant cultivars to enhance production in saline soils. This study aimed at investigating the response of lettuce germplasm to salt stress at the germination and at the whole plant level and to examine possibilities of early selection for salt tolerant genotypes. Fifteen lettuce commercial varieties were initially screened for salt tolerance on the basis of seed germination and seedling growth potential under salt stress conditions (0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). The in vitro evaluation revealed the existence of considerable genetic variation related to salt tolerance at germination and allowed for the classification of genotypes into tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive to salt stress. Based on this classification, six cultivars were assessed at the whole plant level using plant height, chlorophyll content and fresh and dry biomass weight as evaluation criteria. Overall findings point to the existence of a satisfactory association of genotype performance between germination and later growth stages, thus suggesting the feasibility of screening for salt tolerance at early growth stages. This approach may considerably upgrade the efficiency of selecting suitable germplasm material for cultivation in saline soils or introgression into relevant breeding programs.

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Salinization of non-irrigated soils and associated streams: a review

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9780157 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 157 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

AJ Peck

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Capillary Flow ◽

Root Zone ◽

Plant Root ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

Sediment Loads ◽

Irrigated Soils

Saline seepage has reduced agricultural production and increased solute and sediment loads in streams and rivers in Australia and North America. The problem has developed where soils which contain substantial quantities of soluble salts have been developed for cultivation within the last 50-100 years. Salts may accumulate in surface soils by evaporation of saline surface water from poorly drained areas, or by seepage and capillary flow from unconfined or leaky confined aquifers. For some part of the year, water at atmospheric pressure is usually found within a few metres of the surface of a saline seep. In exceptional combinations of soils and weather, salts accumulate in the plant root zone because there is no net movement of water beyond this depth. The key to reclamation of a saline seep is appropriate management of water: either surface or subsurface drainage, or encouraging maximum use of water by plants, particularly in recharge areas. Another strategy is to plant salt-tolerant vegetation on the seep and await the result of natural leaching processes, but these are often very slow. Several reclamation techniques have been investigated, but they have found little application up to the present time.

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Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.2.296 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M.R. Foolad ◽

G.Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Wild Accession ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

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Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1303

Author(s):

Badar Jahan ◽

Noushina Iqbal ◽

Mehar Fatma ◽

Zebus Sehar ◽

Asim Masood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Proline Metabolism ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Nutrient Assimilation ◽

S Application

In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]0d and 20d. Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.

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Effect of three different types of biochars on eco-physiological response of important agroforestry tree species under salt stress

International Journal of Phytoremediation ◽

10.1080/15226514.2021.1901849 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf ◽

Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz ◽

Muhammad Zia ur Rehman ◽

Sadaf Gul ◽

Ghulam Yasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Tree Species ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Different Types

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Effect of co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing fungi on nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of beach palm under salt stress environment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84284-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xue-Ming Zai ◽

Jun-Jun Fan ◽

Zhen-Ping Hao ◽

Xing-Man Liu ◽

Wang-Xiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Stress Environment ◽

Beach Plum ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

AbstractBeach plum (Prunus maritima) is an ornamental plant, famous for its strong salt and drought stress tolerance. However, the poor growth rate of transplanted seedlings has seriously restricted its application in salinized soil. This study investigated the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (PSF), Apophysomyces spartima, on the growth, nutrient (N, P, and K) uptake, and photosynthesis of beach plum under saline (170 mM NaCl) and non-saline (0 mM NaCl) conditions. We aimed to find measures to increase the growth rate of beach plum in saline-alkali land and to understand the reasons for this increase. The results showed that salinization adversely affected colonization by AMF but positively increased PSF populations (increased by 33.9–93.3% over non-NaCl treatment). The dual application of AMF and PSF mitigated the effects of salt stress on all growth parameters and nutrient uptake, significantly for roots (dry weight and P and N contents increased by 91.0%, 68.9%, and 40%, respectively, over non-NaCl treatment). Salinization caused significant reductions in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) value, while inoculation with AMF and PSF inoculations significantly abated such reductions. The maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) values were affected little by inoculation with AMF, PSF, or both under non-NaCl treatments. However, plants inoculated with AMF and/or PSF had higher Fv/Fm, qP, and ФPSII values (increased by 72.5–188.1%) than the control under NaCl treatment, but not a higher NPQ value. We concluded that inoculation with AMF or PSF increased nutrient uptake and improved the gas-exchange and Chl fluorescence parameters of beach plum under salt stress environment. These effects could be strengthened by the combination of AMF and PSF, especially for nutrient uptake, root growth, and Pn, thereby alleviating the deleterious effects of NaCl stress on beach plum growth.

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