scholarly journals System and Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Solar Home System Applied to a Developing Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chowdhury Hossain ◽  
Nusrat Chowdhury ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Wahiba Yaïci
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solar Home System

Power is one of the key requirements for the development of economies and upgrading of standards of living of developing countries. Countries such as Bangladesh depend largely on fossil fuels such as diesel fuel and natural gas to produce the main proportion of their electricity. However, this country’s combination of limited natural gas reserves high fuel prices and escalating costs of transmission and distribution lines has greatly increased the unit cost of electricity generation and it is becoming difficult for customers to pay for electricity. On the other hand, burning fuel causes environmental pollution that leads to global warming which is ultimately responsible for climate change and its devastating consequences. In this study, we have recommended a stand-alone system for the traditional consumption of domestic electric use at residential units in Bangladesh. We have shown a comparison of using the stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system with the traditional grid connection. Although the initial set-up cost is high, it becomes profitable as people are supplied with electricity, which is being generated from PV as a result minimizing the energy cost from the grid, and in addition, they can later make savings from this system. This paper, therefore, aims at determining the optimum size of the rooftop solar home system that will fulfil all the criteria for powering up electrical appliances at an affordable price. Comparative analysis of both energy systems based on the cost calculation has been performed by means of the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables (HOMER) software. The validity of this proposal and its usefulness is also analysed.

scholarly journals A Comparative Feasibility Study of Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected PV System for Residential Load: A Case Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 00008
Author(s):  
Navid Hadifar ◽  
Amirreza Ayanlou
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Micro Grids

With rising the environmental issues regarding the fossil fuels, the renewable energy resources (RES) could be as interesting scheme in supply side for micro grids. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of photovoltaic (PV) system in Iran both in grid-connected and island mode. The case study is a residential house in the city of Amol. The software of HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) is used for analyzing the data for finding the optimal design among the various solutions which takes in to account electrical and economic assessment factors. In the section of grid-connection mode, two different simulation methods namely HOMER optimizer mode and optimal sizing design mode is used to better understand the grid participation with PV in supplying the power for load demand. Finally, the optimal and affordable design for selected region is grid-connected PV system which alleviate the energy need from grid.

scholarly journals Indonesia Hospital Cost Analysis: a Micro-Costing Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Ragil Setia Dianingati ◽  
Arthorn Riewpaiboon ◽  
Sitaporn Youngkong
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Costing Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Efforts to develop the financing methods is needed to strengthen the Indonesia’s recently implemented universal health coverage system. Hospital cost data is urgently needed to calculate the unit cost of medical services that is important to evaluate the reimbursement rate setting. The most recent approach to calculate unit cost of medical services in hospital is micro-costing approach. This study aimed to perform a unit cost calculation using micro-costing approach in Indonesia’s district hospital in June-Dec 2016 from the provider perspective. The costing study followed the standard costing method and financial data were obtained through the hospital financial reports. Some financial data were directly measured since this study used bottom-up approach. This study showed that the unit cost was not relevant with the reference price set up by the government. It could be caused by different cost items and cost objects that had been employed in the study since the government tariff’s did not have clear and detailed information about the source of cost calculation. Micro-costing approach was useful as a precise method to calculate unit cost, even though rigorous efforts were needed to complete the data.

scholarly journals Inverter Control Performance Study on Solar PV Systems and Its Effect on Power Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Curve ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Grid Connection

Power generation faces a major challenge in meeting peak load requirements. Energy suppliers are highly dependent on fossil fuels due to the limited resources of non-renewable energy production. Therefore, researchers and scientists are looking for distributed generators (DGs) to provide additional power during peak periods of the energy curve. Solar energy gives them an extra twist to meet the load demand during this time. As a result, the grid-based solar photovoltaic (PV) system is attracting particular attention from researchers and industry in order to reduce the burden of fossil fuel power generation. Single-stage and two-stage photovoltaic systems are suitable for grid connection with or without battery holder. This article provides a comprehensive overview of a grid connected solar system. The entire architecture of the on-grid photovoltaic system includes the construction of a photovoltaic generator, MPPT methods and DC-DC converters.

scholarly journals TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF PRICE INTERRELATIONS IN MAJOR U.S. FOSSIL FUELS MARKETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DRAGAN MILJKOVIC ◽  
NATE DALBEC
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of this study is to analyze price movements and interrelations of U.S natural gas, oil, and coal prices, as three main fossil fuels in the US. Structural break were identified in both natural gas and oil prices in February of 2009, at the peak of U.S. financial crisis. Both natural gas and oil are shown to be weak substitutes for coal, while the opposite relationships are not found. Stronger U.S. dollar led to lower fossil fuel prices, while only oil prices have been shown to depend on movement of income per capita and stock market.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

scholarly journals A Selective Solar Absorber for Unconcentrated Solar Thermal Panels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Davide De Maio ◽  
Carmine D’Alessandro ◽  
Antonio Caldarelli ◽  
Daniela De Luca ◽  
Emiliano Di Gennaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Spectral Emissivity ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Stagnation Temperature ◽  
Solar Absorber ◽  
Analytical Formulas ◽  
Set Up

A new Selective Solar Absorber, designed to improve the Sun-to-thermal conversion efficiency at mid temperatures in high vacuum flat thermal collectors, is presented. Efficiency has been evaluated by using analytical formulas and a numerical thermal model. Both results have been experimentally validated using a commercial absorber in a custom experimental set-up. The optimization procedure aimed at obtaining Selective Solar Absorber is presented and discussed in the case of a metal dielectric multilayer based on Cr2O3 and Ti. The importance of adopting a real spectral emissivity curve to estimate high thermal efficiency at high temperatures in a selective solar absorber is outlined. Optimized absorber multilayers can be 10% more efficient than the commercial alternative at 250 °C operating temperatures, reaching 400 °C stagnation temperature without Sun concentration confirming that high vacuum flat thermal collectors can give important contribution to the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy for efficient heat production.

scholarly journals Emissions Effects of Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation: Comparing Battery and Flywheel Storage to Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Eric Pareis ◽  
Eric Hittinger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Electrical Generation

With an increase in renewable energy generation in the United States, there is a growing need for more frequency regulation to ensure the stability of the electric grid. Fast ramping natural gas plants are often used for frequency regulation, but this creates emissions associated with the burning of fossil fuels. Energy storage systems (ESSs), such as batteries and flywheels, provide an alternative frequency regulation service. However, the efficiency losses of charging and discharging a storage system cause additional electrical generation requirements and associated emissions. There is not a good understanding of these indirect emissions from charging and discharging ESSs in the literature, with most sources stating that ESSs for frequency regulation have lower emissions, without quantification of these emissions. We created a model to estimate three types of emissions (CO2, NOX, and SO2) from ESSs providing frequency regulation, and compare them to emissions from a natural gas plant providing the same service. When the natural gas plant is credited for the generated electricity, storage systems have 33% to 68% lower CO2 emissions than the gas turbine, depending on the US eGRID subregion, but higher NOX and SO2 emissions. However, different plausible assumptions about the framing of the analysis can make ESSs a worse choice so the true difference depends on the nature of the substitution between storage and natural gas generation.

Accelerating oil and gas investment and reserves by design

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Barry A. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations

Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence (Adams 1770). Some people unfamiliar with upstream petroleum operations, some enterprises keen to sustain uncontested land use, and some people against the use of fossil fuels have and will voice opposition to land access for oil and gas exploration and production. Social and economic concerns have also arisen with Australian domestic gas prices tending towards parity with netbacks from liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. No doubt, natural gas, LNG and crude-oil prices will vary with local-to-international supply-side and demand-side competition. Hence, well run Australian oil and gas producers deploy stress-tested exploration, delineation and development budgets. With these challenges in mind, successive governments in South Australia have implemented leading-practice legislation, regulation, policies and programs to simultaneously gain and sustain trust with the public and investors with regard to land access for trustworthy oil and gas operations. South Australia’s most recent initiatives to foster reserve growth through welcomed investment in responsible oil and gas operations include the following: a Roundtable for Oil and Gas; evergreen answers to frequently asked questions, grouped retention licences that accelerate investment in the best of play trends; the Plan for ACcelerating Exploration (PACE) Gas Program; and the Oil and Gas Royalty Return Program. Intended and actual outcomes from these initiatives are addressed in this extended abstract.

The Effects of Storage Duration on Biodiesel Derived from Waste Cooking Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazwan Azman ◽  
Mirnah Suardi ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
The Impact

The use of fossil fuels as energy sources has grown to significantly be likely to have a major environmental impact. Reduction of world oil reserves and increasing environmental concerns have prompted alternative is found and renewable source of energy called biodiesel. Biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil is considered as the best candidates for diesel fuel replacement in diesel engines because of its closer. Fuel prices are going up day by day in the world. Thus, the means and methods have been trying for years to get fuel alternative outcomes. This study investigated the effects of different storage periods used in quality biodiesel blends (B5, B10, B15) of waste cooking oil and diesel fuel under low temperature and the temperature of the environment. Biodiesel samples were stored in glass containers under indoor conditions, and outdoor conditions for 10 weeks in total. These samples were monitored on a weekly basis through the test properties. The experimental density, viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point discussed in detail. Biodiesel storage at low temperatures is suitable and more advantageous because the impact on the physical properties is minimal and beneficial to slow down the degradation of biodiesel and storage.

scholarly journals Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5142
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

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