scholarly journals Evaluating Pedestrians’ Safety on Urban Intersections: A Visibility Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila González-Gómez ◽  
María Castro
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mobility Impairments ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Overall visibility plays a key role in the safety of pedestrians. Despite its importance, verifying the right provisioning of sufficient available sight distances among pedestrians and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is not a prevalent practice. On top of that, the pursuit for more sustainable modes of transportation has promoted the establishment of different shared mobility services which are prone to increase walking and, thus, the number of pedestrians and other VRUs in urban settings. With the intention of verifying how car-centered designs perform for non-motorized users, a 3D procedure that evaluates the visibility of pedestrians and other users is presented and applied to specific cases in Madrid, Spain. The proposed solution employs virtual trajectories of pedestrians with mobility impairments and without them, cyclists, and personal transportation device riders. Their visibility was assessed around the functional area of urban intersections, including zones where possible jaywalking practices might occur. The evaluation was performed three-dimensionally, making use of LiDAR data, GIS tools, and 3D objects. Results show the impact of street furniture location on visibility, the distinctive influence of vegetation on the lines of sight of each observer, and how design parameters that were intended to improve motorized traffic could affect VRU.

scholarly journals Determination the influence of road factors on the occurrence of traffic accidents with dead pedestrians on the territory of Belgrade by independent estimates

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Nenad Markovic ◽  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Mladen Kovač ◽  
Emir Smailović
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Independent Assessment

The world is paying more and more attention to the safety of vulnerable road users, and especially the safety of pedestrians. The reason for that is the large representation of vulnerable participants in the total number of victims in traffic accidents. Belgrade stood out as especially unsafe for pedestrians, because their endangerment is higher than the world average, but also higher than in the rest of Serbia. In order to increase the safety of pedestrians, appropriate management measures are applied, which are, as a rule, based on the recognized influencing factors of the occurrence of these accidents. For that reason, it is extremely important to define the real influencing factors in the right way. One of the best tools for recognizing the impact of road factors is the independent assessment of the impact of the road on accidents, which the road manager, according to the Law, is obliged to conduct in the event of a traffic accident with fatalities. The paper analyzes 59 traffic accidents with dead pedestrians, which occurred in the period from 15.05.2019. to 06/02/2021 years on the territory of the city of Belgrade and for which an independent assessment of the impact of the road was conducted. The results indicate that the road factor had an impact on the occurrence of more than half of the traffic accidents with dead pedestrians. Also, the results indicate the existence of a number of different influencing factors, which indicates the need for further implementation of these analyzes. The paper presents characteristic examples of the most commonly identified influencing factors.

scholarly journals Determination the influence of road factors on the occurrence of traffic accidents with dead pedestrians on the territory of Belgrade by independent estimates

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Nenad Markovic ◽  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Mladen Kovač ◽  
Emir Smailović
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Independent Assessment

The world is paying more and more attention to the safety of vulnerable road users, and especially the safety of pedestrians. The reason for that is the large representation of vulnerable participants in the total number of victims in traffic accidents. Belgrade stood out as especially unsafe for pedestrians, because their endangerment is higher than the world average, but also higher than in the rest of Serbia. In order to increase the safety of pedestrians, appropriate management measures are applied, which are, as a rule, based on the recognized influencing factors of the occurrence of these accidents. For that reason, it is extremely important to define the real influencing factors in the right way. One of the best tools for recognizing the impact of road factors is the independent assessment of the impact of the road on accidents, which the road manager, according to the Law, is obliged to conduct in the event of a traffic accident with fatalities. The paper analyzes 59 traffic accidents with dead pedestrians, which occurred in the period from 15.05.2019. to 06/02/2021 years on the territory of the city of Belgrade and for which an independent assessment of the impact of the road was conducted. The results indicate that the road factor had an impact on the occurrence of more than half of the traffic accidents with dead pedestrians. Also, the results indicate the existence of a number of different influencing factors, which indicates the need for further implementation of these analyzes. The paper presents characteristic examples of the most commonly identified influencing factors.

scholarly journals Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Sewalkar ◽  
Jochen Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Road User ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

In the last few years, increasing attention has been provided to research Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication systems. These V2P systems serve different purposes (safety or convenience) and cater to different Vulnerable Road User (VRU) groups. Also, these V2P systems employ different communication technologies, and use different mechanisms to interact with the users. An effective V2P system also needs to consider varying characteristics of different VRUs. These various elements may be considered as design parameters of the V2P system. In this paper, we discuss such elements and propose a design framework for the V2P system based on them. We also provide an extensive survey of existing V2P efforts for safety and convenience applications and their design considerations. We perform a case study that compares the different approaches of V2P safety system for different VRU groups under different pre-crash scenarios. Finally, we discuss a few technological challenges in integration of VRUs into V2X systems.

scholarly journals Laminated Windshield Breakage Modelling in the Context of Headform Impact Homologation Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
P. Kosiński ◽  
J. Osiński
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Certification Testing ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of modelling a laminated windshield using the FEM is to provide a critical look on the way the adult headform impact tests are conducted in the process of motor vehicle certification. The main aim of the study is to modify the design of a laminated windshield in the context of a vehicle collision with vulnerable road users. The initial phase of the work was to develop a model of the adult headform impactor. The validation consisted in conducting a series of FEM analyses of the impactor certification testing according to the Regulation (EC) 631/2009. Next, the impact of the headform model on a windshield was analysed. The FEM model of laminated glass is composed of two outer layers of glass and an inner layer of polyvinyl butyral. FEM analyses of the impaction were performed at five points of the windshield characterised by various dynamic responses of the impactor and various patterns of glass cracking. In modelling the layers of glass, the Abaqus environment “brittle cracking” model was used. The following material models of PVB resin were considered: elastic, elastic-plastic, hyperelastic, and low-density foam. Furthermore, the influence of the mesh type on the process of glass cracking in a laminated windshield was analysed.

scholarly journals Determination of the types of road accidents at roundabouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00059
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rassokha ◽  
Nikolai Nikitin ◽  
Yulia Savina
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the prevailing types of accidents at roundabouts. The relationship was revealed between certain types of accidents, the place of their occurrence, and the configuration of the roundabout. The study analyzed 321 accidents at 19 ring intersections. Four predominant crash types were identified: rear-end collision, collision with vulnerable road users, side swipe collision, and entering circulate collision. The greatest number of accidents occurred at the weaving lane and at the entrances and exits of the roundabout. Dividing the ring intersections into separate sections to determine the location of the accident allows drawing conclusions on the nature of road traffic accidents and the impact of the roundabout design on safety.

scholarly journals CHILD SAFETY ON VARIOUS BICYCLE-MOUNTED SEATS DURING VEHICLE IMPACT

Transport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Johannes Wilhelm ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Eugeniusz Rusiński
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Impact

This research addresses an important gap in the state of the art by investigating the safety of vulnerable road users – children transported on bicycle seats. The article focuses on three forms of bicycle-mounted child seats and their kinematics during an accident scenario involving a motor vehicle. The front, rear-frame and rear-rack mounted child seat mounting configurations were considered in this study. The research covers the impact of a sports sedan vehicle against a bicycle equipped with the child seat. The assessment of the child safety was done through numerical simulations by coupling the codes of MADYMO and LS-DYNA. The after-impact kinematics for various baby carriers is presented with the emphasis on child’s head and neck injuries. The results were compared to the full-scale test available in the literature. The findings prove a low protection level for the child provided by the bicycle carriers in all considered cases. The study is further devoted to directions of increasing child safety in this means of transportation.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

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