scholarly journals Evaluating the Relationship between Fruit and Vegetable Growers Use of Plastic Biodegradable Mulches, and Environmental Stewardship and Labor Savings: The Case of Tennessee Fruit and Vegetable Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Velandia ◽  
Roderick Rejesus ◽  
Christopher Clark ◽  
Karen L. DeLong ◽  
Annette Wszelaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Farmer Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The substitution of polyethylene (PE) mulch for plastic biodegradable mulches (BDMs) in fruit and vegetable production has the potential to reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with PE mulch use, and the overall sustainability of fruit and vegetable production. A better understanding of the factors associated with BDM use could inform efforts to promote the use of BDMs. The main goal of this study is to assess the correlation between the use of BDMs among fruit and vegetable farmers, and labor savings and environmental stewardship. Using data from a Tennessee fruit and vegetable farmer survey and probit regressions, this study evaluates the correlation between the use of BDMs, and the labor savings associated with the use of BDMs and farmer environmental stewardship, after controlling for farmer and farmer business characteristics. Results suggest that farm size, farmer environmental stewardship, and labor savings from BDM use are strongly correlated with the use of BDMs among Tennessee fruit and vegetable growers, specifically among those farmers who are more likely to have previous experience using PE mulch.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY TRADITIONAL AFRICAN VEGETABLE FARMERS IN NORTHERN GHANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-487
Author(s):  
Yakubu Balma Issaka ◽  
George Nyarko ◽  
Doris Quaidoo
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
African Vegetables ◽  
Improved Technology

The production of traditional African vegetables is an age-old tradition among the people of the northern region of Ghana. However, the knowledge base of traditional African vegetable production remains local due to a lack of research and policy support. Therefore, the adoption of improved technology among traditional vegetable farmers is generally low and impedes efforts to promote widespread cultivation, consumption and even commercialisation. This study aims at clarifying potential factors that determine the adoption of technologies by traditional African vegetable farmers in the northern region of Ghana. One hundred and five (105) respondents in five communities and across two administrative districts in the northern region were selected for an in-depth survey using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. In addition, a logit regression was used to determine the effect of various factors on technology adoption by farmers. Among the factors, the educational level of a farmer, access to credit, farm size, experience in farming and access to extension support were found to be important factors affecting the decision of traditional African vegetable farmers to adopt improved technology. The results of this study can help enhance the effectiveness of policy re-orientation towards a more effective commercialisation of traditional African vegetables in Ghana and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Producer Participation in State-sponsored Marketing Programs: The Case of Fruit and Vegetable Growers in Tennessee

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Velandia ◽  
Christopher D. Clark ◽  
Dayton M. Lambert ◽  
James A. Davis ◽  
Kimberly Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consumer Interest ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Locally Grown

State programs promoting their agricultural products have proliferated in response to increased consumer interest in locally grown foods. Tennessee, for example, currently has two state-funded programs promoting its agricultural products. This study examines the factors associated with participation by Tennessee fruit and vegetable farmers in those programs. The results suggest that farmer participation is associated with farm income, use of extension resources, and fresh produce sales. These results should be of interest to anyone attempting to increase producer participation in such programs.

Strabismus in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Risk Factors and the Effect of Macular Ectopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Şahin Karamert ◽  
H. Tuba Atalay ◽  
Şengül Özdek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Retinal Pathologies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Abstract PurposeThis study aimed to examine factors associated with strabismus in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the relationship between strabismus and macular ectopia.MethodsPatients with ROP were divided into three groups: Group 1, patients with spontaneous regression (n=45); Group 2, patients who received laser treatment (n=70); and Group 3, patients who underwent surgical treatment (n=91). Rates of anisometropia, amblyopia, nystagmus, macular ectopia, and retinal pathologies were evaluated and their impacts on strabismus development were determined. Disc-to-fovea distance (DFD) was measured from coloured fundus pictures and the correlation of macular ectopia with severity of strabismus was evaluated.ResultsA total of 206 patients were included. Rates of anisometropia, amblyopia, nystagmus, macular ectopia, retinal pathologies causing blindness, and strabismus were higher in Group 3 (p=0.0001) and correlated with higher stages of ROP (p=0.0001). Macular ectopia (p=0.005), retinal pathologies (p=0.005), and amblyopia (p=0.012) had the strongest impact on strabismus development in ROP patients. DFD and severity of strabismus were not significantly correlated (p=0.364). Mean visual acuity (VA) was significantly higher in orthophoric patients compared to those with esotropia and exotropia (p=0.027). Patients with esotropia had lower VA compared to patients with exotropia, but this finding was not statistically significant (p=0.729).ConclusionPresence of macular ectopia, retinal pathologies, and amblyopia were the most strongly correlated risk factors for strabismus development in ROP patients. DFD was not associated with severity of strabismus. Exotropia was mostly related to higher DFD and a possible relationship between esotropia and lower VA was encountered.

scholarly journals Farmers’ And Retailers’ Knowledge Level Associated with Pesticide Distribution and Application in Horticultural Production Centers in Karo Regency, North Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catur Hermanto ◽  
Rasiska Tarigan ◽  
Agustina E. Marpaung ◽  
Rina C. Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Pesticide Distribution ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The description of the agriculture success is inseparable from the level of knowledge of retailers and farmers on the effective use of pesticides in the field. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between the level of knowledge of retailers and farmers on the distribution and use of pesticides in vegetable production centers in Karo Regency. The research was  Berastagi Experimental Farm from August to September 2016. The research method used in the survey was a cross-sectional study approach. The selection of districts was done purposively based on the highest number of retailers, the largest horticultural planting area, and the number of vegetable farmers per district. The number of research samples was 10 respondents per district. To analyze the relationship between variables, we used Spearman's range correction coefficient calculation and validity test using SPSS correlation 17. The results exhibited that the level of knowledge of retailers and farmers in Karo regency is low about the functions, codes, and formulations of all pesticides that have been distributed. The level of knowledge of vegetable farmers on the use of pesticides in Karo district is low, seen from the high level of use, increasing concentration of pesticides and high frequency of spraying, as well as mixing fungicides and insecticides 2 types of pesticides with different codes and active ingredients. The relationship of farmers' knowledge with their age, education and the length of farming experience significantly influenced the perception and attitude of using pesticides to control pest attacks in their lands of cultivation.

scholarly journals Profitability and sustainability of peri-urban vegetable production systems in Vietnam

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G.P. Jansen ◽  
D.J. Midmore ◽  
P.H. Binh ◽  
S. Valasayya ◽  
L.C. Tru
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Returns To Labour

Results are reported of a study of the income and cropping systems of peri-urban vegetable farmers around Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, as well as the constraints and opportunities for vegetable production and marketing. Urban population growth is fuelling the demand for timely supplies of fresh vegetables. Much of this increased demand, particularly for the more perishable species, is satisfied through peri-urban production which has significantly increased since the change from centrally planned and collective systems to a market economy. Around Ho Chi Minh City farms are small (on average about 0.8 ha), 65% which are de facto owned and with about 60% dedicated to vegetables. Most vegetable farmers also grow rice and/or groundnuts, while cabbage is the most commonly grown vegetable crop. Vegetables provide about $1000 total revenues, or $650 added value (returns to labour, land and management) per farm per year. Added value per ha per day of vegetables is double or more than that for rice, providing employment for five or more times the number for rice, despite very high labour use. The negative correlation between farm size and cropping intensity suggests that labour is a factor limiting vegetable production enterprises. One of the major demands on labour is for irrigation. Major input costs relate to organic materials, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, although much variability exists between crops. Pests, and low and variable vegetable prices, are the most commonly cited constraints. There is a clear trough in vegetable supply during August to October following the hot-wet months, and an apparent overuse of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Lack of communal purchase of inputs and marketing limit the success of market-oriented vegetable farms.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the profitability and technical efficiency of vegetable production under two farming systems in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Omotoso Ogunmola ◽  
Christiana Afolabi ◽  
Charles Adesina ◽  
Kelechi Ilechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Increasing agricultural productivity enhanced by versatile production systems is critical for sustainable food security and economic development. The study aims to compare the profitability and technical efficiency of vegetable production and factors influencing the technical efficiency of vegetable production between inorganic and organic farming systems in Imo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires comprising 100 vegetable farmers using a multistage sampling procedure. The budgetary analysis and stochastic production frontier model were used to estimate the profitability and the technical efficiencies of the enterprise. An average farmer realized N277,445.24 and N190,506.04 per hectare as profit from inorganic and organic vegetable production and can potentially earn N4.40 and N2.89 on every Naira invested, respectively. However, the inorganic farming system achieved significantly higher returns than the organic farming system. The mean technical efficiencies for organic and inorganic vegetable farmers were 89.57% and 75.64%, respectively. Farm size, labour and the quantity of seeds were the crucial factors that affected the technical efficiency under both farming systems. Also, age, years of education and farming experience were the significant variables that influenced the technical inefficiency of inorganic farmers, whereas years of education and household size significantly influenced the technical inefficiency of organic farmers. This study advocates for subsidized inputs for organic farmers to compensate for their lower yields and policies that would attract young people to vegetable farming to increase the production level.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hang-Yue Ngo ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Wengjuan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pesapane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant.  In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

Electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghazali Ismail ◽  
Arlinah Abd Rashid ◽  
Azlina Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship and causality direction between electricity consumption and economic growth is an important issue in the fields of energy economics and policies towards energy use. Extensive literatures has discussed the issue, but the array of findings provides anything but consensus on either the existence of relations or direction of causality between the variables. This study extends research in this area by studying the long-run and causal relations between economic growth, electricity consumption, labour and capital based on the neo-classical one sector aggregate production technology mode using data of electricity consumption and real GDP for ASEAN from the year 1983 to 2012. The analysis is conducted using advanced panel estimation approaches and found no causality in the short run while in the long-run, the results indicate that there are bidirectional relationship among variables. This study provides supplementary evidences of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN.

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