scholarly journals Social Facilitators of Specialist Knowledge Dispersion in the Digital Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5759
Author(s):  
Anna Pietruszka-Ortyl ◽  
Małgorzata Ćwiek
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Agents ◽  
Access To Knowledge

The digital revolution has triggered disproportions resulting from unequal access to knowledge and various related skills, because the constituting new civilization is based on specific, high-context, and personalized professional knowledge. In response to these dependencies, and in line with the sustainability paradigm, the issue of diffusion of knowledge, especially of the professional type, is of particular importance in eliminating the increasing digital inequalities. Therefore, the main challenge is to stimulate the free dispersion of intellectual workers’ knowledge. Their openness and commitment, devoid of opportunistic and knowledge-flow restraining attitudes, are prerequisites for the development of a sustainable society (synonymous with Civilization 5.0 or Humanity 5.0). The article endeavors to verify trust as the leading factor of effective specialist knowledge exchange. Its purpose is to analyze and diagnose the components, enablers, and types of trust that affect the diffusion of specific forms of professional knowledge in different groups of organizational stakeholders treated as knowledge agents. Systematic scientific literature analysis, expert evaluation, and structured questionnaires were used to develop and verify the hypotheses. Direct semistructured individual interviews, focus-group online interviews, computer-assisted telephone interviews, and computer-assisted web interviews were also applied in the paper. The research results confirmed the assumption that reliability-based trust, built on competence-based trust and reinforced by benevolence-based trust, is the foundation of the exchange of professional knowledge. It also supported the hypotheses that this process depends on the group of knowledge agents, the dominant form of trust, as well as its enhancers and types of exchanged knowledge. Conducted explorations constitute a theoretical and practical contribution to the subject of professional knowledge exchange. They fill the research gap regarding vehicles of trust as a factor of specialist knowledge diffusion and provide general, practical guidelines in terms of shaping individual components of competence-, benevolence-, and reliability-based trust due to the type of transferred knowledge and the group of knowledge agents involved in its circulation.

scholarly journals Reconstructing the Contours of the Copyright Originality and Idea- Expression Doctrines Regarding the Right to Deny Access to Works

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-940
Author(s):  
Michael D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Content Development ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
The Right

ccess to innovative scientific, literary, and artistic content has never been more important to the public than now, in the digital age. Thanks to the digital revolution carried out through such means as super-computational power at super-affordable prices, the Internet, broadband penetration, and contemporary computer science and technology, the global, national, and local public finds itself at the convergence of unprecedented scientific and cultural knowledge and content development, along with unprecedented means to distribute, communicate, and access that knowledge. This Article joins the conversation on the Access-to-Knowledge, Access-to- Medicine, and Access-to-Art movements by asserting that the copyright restrictions affecting knowledge, innovation, and original thought implicate copyright’s originality and idea-expression doctrines first and fair use doctrine second. The parallel conversation in copyright law that focuses on the proper definition of the contours of copyright as described in the U.S. Supreme Court’s most recent constitutional law cases on copyright—Feist, Eldred, Golan, and Kirtsaeng—interprets the originality and idea-expression doctrines as being necessary for the proper balance between copyright protection and First Amendment freedom of expression. This Article seeks to join together the two conversations by focusing attention on the right to access published works under both copyright and First Amendment law. Access to works is part and parcel of the copyright contours debate. It is a “first principles” question to be answered before the question of manipulation, appropriation, or fair use is contemplated. The original intent of the Copyright Clause and its need to accommodate the First Amendment freedom of expression support the construction of the contours of copyright to include a right to access knowledge and information. Therefore, the originality and idea-expression doctrines should be reconstructed to recognize that the right to deny access to published works is extremely limited if not non-existent within the properly constructed contours of copyright.

Making Information Accessible and Useful to Practicing Clinicians: Problem-Knowledge Coupling

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Zimny
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Health Care Technology ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractAssessments of health care technology will lead to improvements in patient services only if this information is actually used by clinicians. Traditional methods of planning treatment that rely solely on memory limit the clinician's access to and use of the full available body of knowledge in the field. An alternative approach using a computer-assisted methodology is presented as a way to overcome traditional limitations and promote the development and diffusion of knowledge.

scholarly journals How Thumbelina Knows

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio De Michelis
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Access To Knowledge

In this paper I take the book by Michel Serres “Thumbelina” as the occasion for a reflection on the conceptual basis of knowledge management, as it was built by Ikujiro Noanka and co-workers. The direct access to knowledge that Thumbelina practices together with her peers is, in fact, for me, a god observation point to bring the reflection of Nonaka further, towards the discovery of a new understanding of knowledge and knowing processes. If the digital revolution is third step after writing and printing, in the soft changes in the relations between human beings and knowledge, then it poses in an urgent manner the problem to deepen our understanding of what knowledge and intelligence are and to change our practice at the education level and to design new digital tools to support our knowledge management processes.

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER VERSUS GOOD SOCIETY OF THE SECOND LA BELLE EPOQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pietruszka-Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Good State ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
Knowledge Agents ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Depth Interviews

Currently, we are witnessing the second la belle epoque characterised by huge economic and social inequalities. Striving for a good state of society aims to reduce the inequalities conditioned by access to knowledge. One of the methods to reach this goal can consist of the conscious shaping of knowledge transfer between particular groups of knowledge agents. representing diverse, often overlapping, social and organisational categories. The purpose of this study is to check what sub-processes of knowledge transfer are implemented in specific groups of knowledge agents and what their context is from the perspective of the tools used, the main principles and the standards of behaviour. The main research hypothesis is that the course of knowledge transfer process depends on the fact of which groups of knowledge agents it concerns. Using the method of critical analysis and surveys supported by in-depth interviews, it was determined that knowledge sharing is the domain of professionals and the intergenerational dimension of knowledge transfer. Knowledge acquisition is most often carried out at the level of specialists' relations with other employees and at the intergenerational level. Knowledge sharing is a domain of specialists, and usually takes place during their contacts with other employees, while knowledge dissemination is the prime sub-process of the hierarchical dimension of knowledge transfer.

scholarly journals Detecting objects behind scattering media using vortex beams and deep learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh M. Balasubramaniam ◽  
Netanel Biton ◽  
Shlomi Arnon
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Computer Assisted Surgery ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Vortex Beams ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Reconstructing objects behind scattering media is a challenging issue with applications in biomedical imaging, non-distractive testing, computer-assisted surgery, and autonomous vehicular systems. Such systems’ main challenge is the multiple scattering of the photons in the angular and spatial domain, which results in a blurred image. Previous works try to improve the reconstructing ability using deep learning algorithms, with some success. We enhance these methods by illuminating the set-up using several modes of vortex beams obtaining a series of time-gated images corresponding to each mode. The images are accurately reconstructed using a deep learning algorithm by analyzing the pattern captured in the camera. This study shows that using vortex beams instead of Gaussian beams enhances the deep learning algorithm’s image reconstruction ability in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by ~ 2.5 dB and ~1 dB when low and high scattering scatterers are used respectively.

Exploratory Research Focusing on Oral Cancer Prevention: Challenges of Dealing With Informational and Cognitive Barriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 1930-1941
Author(s):  
Eva Baumann ◽  
Helmut Scherer ◽  
Elena Link ◽  
Jörg Wiltfang ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Wenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviors

Oral cancer is a considerable public health problem, and a low level of awareness and knowledge about this tumor and its risk factors is prevalent. To gain a profound understanding of risks groups and to identify suitable communication strategies for a prevention campaign in Northern Germany, an exploratory research was realized. In semistructured face-to-face interviews, the participants of the study ( n = 28) described their individual oral cancer-related perceptions and information-seeking behaviors. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis showed a vague but also deterring picture of cancer combined with restricted attitudes toward the topic and an inactive or even avoiding information behavior. Four underlying cognitive patterns of self-distancing were identified: (a) optimistic bias, (b) fatalism, (c) hedonism, and (d) pragmatism. The main challenge of oral cancer prevention is to deal with the target groups’ informational and cognitive barriers.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for the Automation of Particle Analysis in Catalyst Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Colliard-Granero ◽  
Mariah Batool ◽  
Jasna Jankovic ◽  
Jenia Jitsev ◽  
Michael H. Eikerling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Main Challenge

The rapidly growing use of imaging infrastructure in the energy materials domain drives significant data accumulation in terms of their amount and complexity. The applications of routine techniques for image processing in materials research are often \textit{ad hoc}, indiscriminate, and empirical, which renders the crucial task of obtaining reliable metrics for quantifications obscure. Moreover, these techniques are expensive, slow, and often involve several preprocessing steps. This paper presents a novel deep learning-based approach for the high-throughput analysis of the particle size distributions from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of carbon-supported catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Our approach employs training an instance segmentation model, called StarDist [Schmidt et al. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2018, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11071. Springer, Cham], which resolves the main challenge in the pixel-wise localization of nanoparticles in TEM images: the overlapping particles. The segmentation maps outperform models reported in the literature, and the results on particle size analyses agree well with manual particle size measurements, albeit at a significantly lower cost.

The Fin-de-Siècle Detective: ‘But My Job Don’t End There’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
And Control

This chapter re-examines late nineteenth-century detective fiction. It challenges views of the genre as a conservative phenomenon that reassures its readers by exposing and then vanquishing threats to the social order. Through analysing a range of detective fiction, involving male and female detectives, it highlights the frailties of the specialist knowledge the detective processes, and how it is more often the case that the genre testifies to the inadequacy of professional knowledge to apprehend and control the world, pointing a persisting and threatening sense of violence and social chaos that eludes the detective’s grasp.

Accessing ICT Enabled Content in Low-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Solomon Negash
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Small Model ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Ict Revolution

While the digital revolution has transformed the way many of us work and live, more than half the world’s population lives in rural areas that have been shut-out of the digital transformation. Low-income countries have yet to realize the benefits from the digital revolution; therefore, a need exists for innovative and alternative models to overcome the lack of access to knowledge and learning. This paper examines the challenges faced by low-income countries in accessing ICT enabled content and proposes a Big-Small model where low-income countries can harness the ICT revolution. This paper concludes with a discussion on sustainability and future research directions.

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