scholarly journals Remediation of Emerging Heavy Metals from Water Using Natural Adsorbent: Adsorption Performance and Mechanistic Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8817
Author(s):  
Mehak Nawaz Khan ◽  
Hidayat Ullah ◽  
Sundas Naeem ◽  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
Yasir Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Natural Adsorbent ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After

The presence of potentially toxic metals in water causes a strong impact on environment and human health. In this study, activated biochar was produced by using chemical oxidation method from wheat straw as natural adsorbent and was employed for heavy metals competitive remediation. The morphology, structure, and chemical properties of biochar before and after adsorption were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX mapping techniques. The competitive adsorption efficiency of adsorbent for divalent cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from contaminated water was investigated by using wide range of several initial metal concentration, contact time and pH. Maximum adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was found in the pH range of 6–8. The adsorption capacity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 8.85 and 9.03 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamics parameters and kinetic models were applied to adsorption data. The isotherm data followed Langmuir model, corresponding to monolayer adsorption of the two ions in the contaminated water. The kinetic data followed the pseudo 2nd order kinetics model, which authenticates the chemisorption nature. The thermodynamic study indicated that Cd adsorption is a spontaneous exothermic process while Pb adsorption is an endothermic process. Mineral precipitation, surface complexation, and cation-π interactions are the major remediation strategies for Cd(II) and Pb(II).

scholarly journals Earthworms Converting Milk Processing Industry Sludge into Biomanure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satveer Singh ◽  
Sartaj A. Bhat ◽  
Jaswinder Singh ◽  
Rajinder Kaur ◽  
Adarsh P. Vig
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Minimum Ratio

Aims and Objectives:The present study was conducted to utilize the Milk Processing Industry Sludge (MPIS) for the purpose of vermicomposting, in two sets of experimentsviz. with earthworms (ME) and without earthworms (MW).Methods and Materials:Twenty young non-clitellatedEisenia fetidawere released in each tray. The various parameters like growth, clitellum development, biomass, cocoon production and hatchlings ofE. fetidawere observed after every 15 days, during 90 days of vermicomposting.Results:The maximum growth and better responses were observed in ME25mixtures of MPIS which was the minimum ratio of the waste to CD. The physico-chemical analysis (pH, EC, TKN, TOC, C/N ratio, TAP, TK, TNa) and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb) were also done before and after vermicomposting process. There was a significant increase in TKN (23-46%), and TAP (39-47%), and a decrease in pH (6.2-6.8%), EC (24.6-37.2%), TOC (16.8-37.9%), C/N ratio (23.8-97.9%), TK (26.6-40.6%), and TNa (31.3-53%) and heavy metals (Cr 30.9-40.6%, Cu 32.7-44.6%, Mn 23.9-36.3%, and Pb 32.6-42.9%) from initial to final feed mixtures with earthworms.Conclusion:Thus the final vermicompost had excellent physico-chemical properties with all nutrients in plant available forms. The study further strengthens that the vermicomposting is an efficient technique in converting MPIS into nutrient rich biomanure in a short period of timei.e. 90 days.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and As in maize (Zea mays L) grown close to mine tailings strongly impacts plant development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTHER AURORA RUIZ HUERTA ◽  
Maria Aurora Armienta Hernández ◽  
Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽  
Juan Miguel Gómez Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Mining Residues

Abstract Potentially toxic metals and metalloids present in mining residues can affect ecosystems, particularly plant growth and development. In this study we evaluated As and heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) contents in maize (Zea mays L) plants grown in soils collected near (40 m), at intermediate (400 m) and remote (3000 m) distances from mine tailings near Taxco City, Mexico. Soils sampled near and at intermediate sites from the tailings contained high levels of heavy metals which were 3- to 55-fold higher compared to the control samples. The heavy metal and As content in plants reflected the soil contamination being the greatest for most studied elements in root samples followed by stems, leaves, and kernels. Though plants were capable of completing their life cycle and producing the seeds, high bioaccumulation levels had a strong impact on plant development. Abnormalities in the organs like malformations in reproductive structures (tassel and ear), reduction in the phytomer number and the plant height were present. Microscopic studies and morphometric analyses suggest that strongly affected plant growth result from negative and synergistic action of heavy metals and As in soils on cell growth and cell production. This study showed that maize grown near mine tailings accumulates high levels of heavy metals and As which decrease significantly plant yield and could be dangerous if consumed by animals and humans.

Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Remediation of Emerging Pollutants - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Jia Hui Chung ◽  
Nur Hasyimah ◽  
Norelyza Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Wide Range

Nanotechnology is currently an upward trend in diverse fields, and therefore, its application will be reviewed in this paper. One of the nanotechnologies which can be used in environmental remediation is carbon nanotube (CNT). Its excellent mechanical and chemical properties allow it to have better achievement in remediating a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants. CNT can be categorized into two types: single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube. Due to urbanization, various types of pollutants have been released into the environment in great amounts. For instance, estrogen is the hormone generated and released from animals and humans. However, the overconcentration of estrogen affects the physiology of biological life. Besides, pesticides are frequently used by farmers to increase the fertility of the land for agricultural purposes, while heavy metals are commonly found during anthropogenic activities. Long-term absorption of heavy metals into the body tissues will accumulate toxic effects, leading to body system dysfunction. Hence, CNT technologies, including adsorption, membrane filtration, disinfection, hybrid catalysis, and sensing and monitoring, can be applied to remediate these pollutants. However, the application of nanotechnology and CNT faces several challenges, such as production costs, toxicity, ecological risks, and public acceptance. Application of CNT also has pros and cons, such that the lightweight of the CNT allows them to replace metallic wires, but dealing with nano-sized components makes it challenging.

Preparation, Characterization and Performance of Polyethersulfone(PES) – Polyaniline(Pani) Blended Membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 3018-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Faizah Binti Razali ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Sulaiman Al Fadul
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Hydrophilic Property ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blended Membrane

Polyaniline nanoparticle was synthesized via the chemical oxidation of aniline with ammonium persulphate in aqueous hydrochloric acid where the polyaniline particle size obtained was in the range of 22-53 nm. Polyaniline is one type of conducting polymers, where this polymer exhibit high electrical conductivity and have a wide range of interesting application due to its light weight, conductivity and chemical properties. Amongst the family of conducting polymers, polyaniline is unique due to ease of synthesis, environmental stability, simple doping/dedoping chemistry and relatively inexpensive cost. Polyaniline has been used to improve hydrophilic property and permeability of substrate membrane. It is used to obtain superhydrophilic surface because of their high surface energy and hydrophilic property. In this research, these nanoparticles have been used to improve hydrophilic property and permeability of polyethersulfone membrane. The blended membrane was characterized using pure water flux, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and contact angle. As a result, polyaniline can distribute stably in polyaniline membrane to produce stable structure and preferable performance.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of Organic Amendments on Heavy Metals Adsorption in Soils and their Chemical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Nwachukwu ◽  
D. M. Olim ◽  
S. M. Afu ◽  
E. A. Akpa ◽  
P. I. Adie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
Before And After

Incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate and compare effects of some selected amendments on adsorption of heavy metals in soils and their chemical properties. The experiment was CRD consisting of twelve treatment combinations with three replications. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture and amended with organic amendments at the rate 20 ton/ha and heavy metals at the rate of 60 mg/kg, thoroughly mixed and wetted daily throughout the incubation period of 30 days. 0.05M EDTA solution was used to extract heavy metals. EDTA solution was filtered from soil with Whatman No1 filter paper. The soil was analyzed for chemical properties before and after experiment using standard procedures. Higher amount of heavy metals was extracted from the control soils than the amended soils indicating retention of heavy metals by the amendments. All the amendments were significantly (P<0.05) different in adsorption of copper with poultry manure having significantly (P<0.05) the highest adsorption capacity while the control had the least. Cocoa pod was significantly (P<0.05) higher on adsorption of lead with cow dung and poultry manure not being significantly (P>0.05) different from each other. Cow dung had the highest (P<0.05) on adsorption of zinc. Heavy metals combined with amendments had significant (P<0.05) effect on soil chemical properties. Most chemical properties were significantly (P<0.05) higher in soils treated with both amendments and heavy metals than soils treated with only heavy metals. Poultry manure, cocoa pod and cow dung appeared to have greater potential in removing heavy metals from soils.  

scholarly journals Soul of the Jukskei River: The Extent of Bacterial Contamination in the Jukskei River in Gauteng Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8537
Author(s):  
Kousar Banu Hoorzook ◽  
Anton Pieterse ◽  
Lee Heine ◽  
Tobias George Barnard ◽  
Nickey Janse van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Wide Range

River water quality is an important health issue as the water is utilised for drinking, domestic and agricultural use in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect water from a major city has on the water quality of the Jukskei River that daylights in Johannesburg, South Africa. The river water samples were analysed for physio-chemical properties, microbiology, antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates, genetic markers, and potentially toxic metals. Data analysis revealed increased electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity since 2010. Total Coliform and Escherichia coli detected were above the South African water quality guidelines for domestic, recreational, and irrigation purposes. Additionally, sodium, zinc, nickel, lithium, and lead exceeded the guidelines in domestic, recreational, and irrigation water. Pathogenic strains of E. coli (aEPEC, EHEC, EIEC, and EAEC) were isolated from the water. Various other potentially pathogenic organisms that have been implicated as causes of gastro-intestinal, and a wide range of other diseases, were also detected and demonstrated multiple levels of resistance to antibiotics tested. The results show that the river water is a potential health threat to downstream users. These results will feed into the environmental management action plan for Water for the Future (NGO group).

scholarly journals BIOADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS FROM THE PHARMACEUTICAL EFFLUENTS, CONTAMINATED SOILS AND WATER BY FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL WASTE: A SHORT REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ziarati ◽  
D. Moradi ◽  
V. Vambol
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
The Cost

Soil and water resources pollution by heavy metals, specially originated from anthropogenic sources, as a result of their toxicity ramification on human health, has been known as a major and serious environmental problem for last few decades. Particularly relevant is the problem of pharmaceutical wastewater, as this wastewater contains active pharmaceutical ingredients and a wide range of heavy metals. In the same time the food waste is commonly produced in all the steps of food life cycle, such as during agricultural production, industrial manufacturing, processing and distribution and even consumer-generated in the context of private households. Mostly they have high-value components such as phytochemicals, proteins, flavour compounds, polysaccharides, fibers, and which can be re-used as nutraceuticals and functional ingredients. The research aim is to study the potential of food and agricultural waste to remove heavy metals from contaminated water and soil. The study the potential of food and agricultural waste to remove heavy metals from contaminated water and soil was conducted on the basis of open scientific sources. Scientific sources were selected by keywords no later than 2003 or with high citation value. Bio-sorption is a relatively new process that has proven very promising for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Due to the higher affinity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate species, the latter is attracted and bound there by different mechanisms. The process continues till equilibrium is established between the amount of solid-bound adsorbate species and its portion remaining in the solution. The feasibility of using an adsorbent is based on the cost of the bio sorbent has to be optimum, as they often are made from abundant or waste material. Peel of citrus and pomegranate, vegetables peel, fruit pit shell, tea and herbal tea waste and agricultural waste mix demonstrate great potential as bio-adsorbent.

Parameters Affecting Dye Adsorption - Using Graphene Coated Sand (GSC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seroor Atalah Khaleefa Alia ◽  
Dr. Mohammed Ibrahimb ◽  
Hussein Ali Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Heavy Metals Ions ◽  
Coated Sand

Adsorption is most commonly applied process for the removal of pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals ions from wastewater. The present work talks about preparing graphenic material attached sand grains called graphene sand composite (GSC) by using ordinary sugar as a carbon source. Physical morphology and chemical composition of GSC was examined by using (FTIR, SEM, EDAX and XRD). Efficiency of GSC in the adsorption of organic dyes from water was investigated using reactive green dye with different parameters such as (ph, temperature, contact time and dose). Adsorption isotherm was also studied and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of dye is 28.98 mg/g. This fast, low-cost process can be used to manufacture commercial filters to treat contaminated water using appropriate engineering designs.

Perioperative Skin Conditioning for Patients With Skin of Color

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682198989
Author(s):  
Alix Ferdinand ◽  
Suzan Obagi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After

The interest in cosmetic procedures for patients with skin of color is on an upward trend. Globally, dyschromia and hyperpigmentation remain the most common disorders for which patients seek treatment. The goals of a perioperative skin conditioning program include allowing a broad range of patients to be treated regardless of skin phototypes, maximizing results, and reducing risk of complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and managing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation if it occurs. The purpose of this article is to highlight common pigmentation concerns among patients with skin of color, the topical agents used to combat these concerns, and a practical approach to creating an effective yet straightforward topical skin care regimen that can be used across a wide range of patient skin phototypes. Before and after photos of patients with a variety of pigmentation concerns are presented along with a description of the treatment regimen used to improve their conditions and to get their skin to a safer state prior to performing any office-based procedures. By understanding the main concerns of patients with skin of color, one can use a simple and effective skincare regimen to allow these patients to be more safely treated. An effective skincare regimen both prepares the skin prior to procedures and postoperatively to help minimize dyschromias in the postoperative phase.

scholarly journals Stormwater Runoff Treatment Using Pervious Concrete Modified with Various Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8552
Author(s):  
Vahid Alimohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Maghfouri ◽  
Delaram Nourmohammadi ◽  
Pejman Azarsa ◽  
Rishi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Clean water is a vital need for all living creatures during their lifespan. However, contaminated stormwater is a major issue around the globe. A wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, organic and inorganic impurities, has been discovered in stormwater. Some commonly utilized methods, such as biological, physical and chemical procedures, have been considered to overcome these issues. However, these current approaches result in moderate to low contaminant removal efficiencies for certain classes of contaminants. Of late, filtration and adsorption processes have become more featured in permeable concretes (PCs) for the treatment of stormwater. As nanoparticles have vast potential and unique characterizations, such as a higher surface area to cure polluted stormwater, employing them to improve permeable concretes’ capabilities in stormwater treatment systems is an effective way to increase filtration and adsorption mechanisms. The present study reviews the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants such as heavy metals, organic and other pollutants using nanoparticle-improved PC. The application of different kinds of nanomaterials in PC as porous media to investigate their influences on the properties of PC, including the permeability rate, compressive strength, adsorption capacity and mix design of such concrete, was also studied. The findings of this review show that different types of nanomaterials improve the removal efficiency, compressive strength and adsorption capacity and decrease the infiltration rate of PC during the stormwater treatment process. With regard to the lack of comprehensive investigation concerning the use of nanomaterials in PC to treat polluted stormwater runoff, this study reviews 242 published articles on the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants by using PC improved with nanoparticles.

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