scholarly journals Harnessing the Wild Relatives and Landraces for Fe and Zn Biofortification in Wheat through Genetic Interventions—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12975
Author(s):  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Mukesh Choudhary ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Jeet Ram Choudhary ◽  
Jaswant S. Khokhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Genetic Interventions ◽  
Wheat Wild Relatives ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Encoding Genes

Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in human diets are affecting over three billion people globally, especially in developing nations where diet is cereal-based. Wheat is one of several important cereal crops that provide food calories to nearly one-third of the population of the world. However, the bioavailability of Zn and Fe in wheat is inherently low, especially under Zn deficient soils. Although various fortification approaches are available, biofortification, i.e., development of mineral-enriched cultivars, is an efficient and sustainable approach to alleviate malnutrition. There is enormous variability in Fe and Zn in wheat germplasm, especially in wild relatives, but this is not utilized to the full extent. Grain Fe and Zn are quantitatively inherited, but high-heritability and genetic correlation at multiple locations indicate the high stability of Fe and Zn in wheat. In the last decade, pre-breeding activities have explored the potential of wild relatives to develop Fe and Zn rich wheat varieties. Furthermore, recent advances in molecular biology have improved the understanding of the uptake, storage, and bioavailability of Fe and Zn. Various transportation proteins encoding genes like YSL 2, IRT 1, OsNAS 3, VIT 1, and VIT 2 have been identified for Fe and Zn uptake, transfer, and accumulation at different developing stages. Hence, the availability of major genomic regions for Fe and Zn content and genome editing technologies are likely to result in high-yielding Fe and Zn biofortified wheat varieties. This review covers the importance of wheat wild relatives for Fe and Zn biofortification, progress in genomics-assisted breeding, and transgenic breeding for improving Fe and Zn content in wheat.

Compositional, thermal and water sorption properties of wheat flour: comparing wild-relatives v/s elite wheat varieties used in current plant breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Agarwal ◽  
William MacNaughtan ◽  
Julie King ◽  
Tim J. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Water Sorption Properties

This research investigate the structural and functional differences between four main wheat cultivars in comparison to the wild relatives of wheat. “Wheat image from www.freepik.com.”

scholarly journals Crop Wild Relatives Crosses: Multi-Location Assessment in Durum Wheat, Barley, and Lentil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Noureddine El Haddad ◽  
Miguel Sanchez-Garcia ◽  
Andrea Visioni ◽  
Abderrazek Jilal ◽  
Rola El Amil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Dryland Crops

Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a good source of useful alleles for climate change adaptation. Here, 19 durum wheat, 24 barley, and 24 lentil elites incorporating CWR in their pedigrees were yield tested against commercial checks across 19 environments located in Morocco, Ethiopia, Lebanon, and Senegal. For each crop, the combined analysis of variance showed that genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype x environment (GxE) effects were significant for most of the traits. A selection index combining yield potential (G) and yield stability (GxE) was used to identify six CWR-derived elites for each crop matching or superior to the best check. A regression analysis using a climate matrix revealed that grain yield was mostly influenced by the maximum daily temperature and soil moisture level during the growing stages. These climatic factors were used to define five clusters (i.e., E1 to E5) of mega-environments. The CWR-derived elites significantly outperformed the checks in E1, E2, and E4 for durum wheat, and in E2 for both barley and lentil. The germplasm was also assessed for several food transformation characteristics. For durum wheat, one accession (Zeina) originating from T. araraticum was significantly superior in mixograph score to the best check, and three accessions originating from T. araraticum and T. urartu were superior for Zn concentration. For barley, 21 accessions originating from H. spontaneum were superior to the checks for protein content, six for Zn content, and eight for β-glucan. For lentil, ten accessions originating from Lens orientalis were superior to the check for protein content, five for Zn, and ten for Fe concentration. Hence, the results presented here strongly support the use of CWR in breeding programs of these three dryland crops, both for adaptation to climatic stresses and for value addition for food transformation.

Molecular breeding for improving aluminium resistance in wheat.

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-145
Author(s):  
Jorge Fernando Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Aluminium Resistance ◽  
Wheat Wild Relatives ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract This chapter aims at describing the main physiological mechanisms associated with aluminium (Al) resistance in wheat and how the research about these mechanisms has evolved to its current status. Practical aspects of phenotyping and using the molecular basis to increase Al resistance, which can be easily introduced in breeding programmes, are detailed. This chapter discusses the reliability of methods to screen root growth under Al stress, the allelic variation of genes associated with the main Al resistance mechanism in wheat, the quantitative trait loci and genomic regions that might contain minor Al tolerance genes, the use of wheat wild relatives, the uncertainties of developing transgenic wheat for greater Al resistance and the development of Al-resistant lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum).

scholarly journals Drought-adaptive traits derived from wheat wild relatives and landraces

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reynolds ◽  
F. Dreccer ◽  
R. Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Wheat Wild Relatives

scholarly journals Polymorphism of genes of antioxidant system enzymes in cultivated wheat species and wild-growing relatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Damelya Tagimanova ◽  
Olesya Rayzer ◽  
Oksana Hapilina ◽  
Ruslan Kalendar'
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The purpose of the study. Investigation of the polymorphism of genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and amylase in cultivated wheat species and wild relatives, the possibility of using them as molecular genetic markers to assess the genetic diversity of wheat varieties. Methods. The objects of research were wheat varieties cultivated in different periods in Kazakhstan, distant relatives and wild wheat species. The material was kindly provided by the staff of the laboratory of the gene pool of the SPC ZH im. A.I. Baraev, and also obtained from the USDA genetic resource collections (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG3), John Innes Center (Germplasm Resources Unit, BBSRC) (http://data.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/germplasm/cereals.asp), All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) (http://91.151.189.38/virdb). Isolation of total DNA from etiolated seedlings was performed using the CTAB method. Selection of primers for PCR amplification, in silico PCR, analysis of oligonucleotides, and multiple alignment of DNA sequences were performed using the FastPCR program (http://primerdigital.com/fastpcr.html). Bioinformatic analysis of candidate genes was carried out using the NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene), UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot), Ensembl Plants (http://plants.ensembl.org). Results. Analysis of genetic diversity based on the spectra of superoxide dismutase and amylase isoenzymes in cultivated wheat species and wild relatives cultivated in different breeding periods showed that the level of differentiation between the studied groups was quite high, most of the genetic diversity was revealed within the groups. The genetic diversity of modern wheat varieties has a lower number of polymorphic loci and effective alleles of storage proteins, SOD, and amylases genes in comparison with distant relatives and ancient varieties from the world collection. Practical significance. The study of the polymorphism of the gene families of superoxide dismutase and amylase will increase the efficiency of identification of varieties and hybrids, study of their heterogeneity and targeted selection of parental pairs for crosses.

scholarly journals Genetic Analyses of Resistance to Fusarium Basal Rot in Onion

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Straley ◽  
Jen Colcol Marzu ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Genomic Regions

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a serious disease of onion (Allium cepa). We identified sources of FBR resistance, assessed efficacy of selection for increased resistance, and investigated its genetic control. Onion accessions were evaluated for FBR resistance, and percentage survival ranged from 0% to 78%. Survivors were intercrossed, and progenies from one cycle of selection showed increased survival by 18% to 52%. Selections were crossed to male-sterile lines, and hybrids showed specific combining ability for FBR resistance. Segregating families were produced, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4 conditioning FBR resistance. A second QTL on chromosome 4 was identified that decreased FBR resistance. Plants from families with different genotypes across the 1.5 logarithm of odds (LOD) regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 were self-pollinated, and resulting families were evaluated for FBR survival. Genomic regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 associated with resistance were validated at p = 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. The region on chromosome 4 associated with increased susceptibility was validated at p = 0.05. These results are in agreement with previous studies reporting high heritability and specific combining ability for FBR resistance and should be useful for selection of FBR-resistant onion.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of QTL for Resistance to Maize Lethal Necrosis in Multiple Mapping Populations

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka A. O. Awata ◽  
Yoseph Beyene ◽  
Manje Gowda ◽  
Suresh L. M. ◽  
McDonald B. Jumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle ◽  
The Status ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Genomic Regions

Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) occurs when maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) co-infect maize plant. Yield loss of up to 100% can be experienced under severe infections. Identification and validation of genomic regions and their flanking markers can facilitate marker assisted breeding for resistance to MLN. To understand the status of previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL)in diverse genetic background, F3 progenies derived from seven bi-parental populations were genotyped using 500 selected kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) SNPs. The F3 progenies were evaluated under artificial MLN inoculation for three seasons. Phenotypic analyses revealed significant variability (P ≤ 0.01) among genotypes for responses to MLN infections, with high heritability estimates (0.62 to 0.82) for MLN disease severity and AUDPC values. Linkage mapping and joint linkage association mapping revealed at least seven major QTL (qMLN3_130 and qMLN3_142, qMLN5_190 and qMLN5_202, qMLN6_85 and qMLN6_157 qMLN8_10 and qMLN9_142) spread across the 7-biparetal populations, for resistance to MLN infections and were consistent with those reported previously. The seven QTL appeared to be stable across genetic backgrounds and across environments. Therefore, these QTL could be useful for marker assisted breeding for resistance to MLN.

scholarly journals Variation in key leaf photosynthetic traits across wheat wild relatives is accession dependent not species dependent

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767-1780
Author(s):  
Lorna McAusland ◽  
Silvere Vialet‐Chabrand ◽  
Iván Jauregui ◽  
Amanda Burridge ◽  
Stella Hubbart‐Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wheat Wild Relatives ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits

Genetic analysis revealed a quantitative trait loci (QTL2A.K) on short arm of chromosome 2A associated with yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Vikram ◽  
Cynthia Ortiz ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yellow Rust Resistance ◽  
Genomic Regions

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is one of the most devastating diseases in wheat. A synthetic by elite recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross, Botnol/Aegilops squarrosa (666)//Kachu was evaluated for yellow rust resistance in two different environments in Mexico. The population was subjected to DArT-seq analysis for an in-depth genetic characterization. A major effect rust resistance QTL (QTL2A.K) explaining up to 45% phenotypic variance was found to be contributed by Kachee, an elite line of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Mexico. The QTL2A.K was found to be contributed by a segment of 2NS Chromosome of Triticum ventricosum translocated into the short arm of bread wheat chromosome 2A (QTL2A.K). The position of QTL2A.K was confirmed using T. ventricosum specific primer VENTRIUP-LN2. Identified genomic regions are being introgressed in to the popular but susceptible wheat varieties through marker-assisted breeding for enhancing yellow rust resistance.

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