scholarly journals Impact of Heavy Metals in Ambient Air on Insulin Resistance of Shipyard Welders in Northern Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13924
Author(s):  
Ting-Yao Su ◽  
Hueiwang Anna Jeng ◽  
Yuan-Ting Hsu ◽  
Ching-Huang Lai ◽  
Chih-Hong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Northern Taiwan ◽  
Cu And Zn

Exposure to metals poses potential health risks, including insulin resistance (IR), to those exposed to them in excess. Limited studies have examined such risks in occupational workers, including welders, and these have yielded inconsistent results. Thus, we examined the associations between exposure to welding metals and IR in welders. We recruited 78 welders and 75 administrative staff from a shipyard located in northern Taiwan. Personal exposure to heavy metals, including chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd), was monitored through particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and urine analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). After each participant fasted overnight, blood samples were collected and analyzed for IR assessment through updated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) modeling. Air sampling in the personal breathing zone was performed during a Monday shift prior to the blood and urine sample collection the following morning. The welders’ median personal Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn airborne PM2.5 levels and urinary Cd levels were significantly higher than those of the administrative staff. After adjustment for covariates, logarithmic PM2.5-Mn, PM2.5-Fe, PM2.5-Cu, and PM2.5-Zn levels were positively correlated with logarithmic fasting plasma glucose (P-FGAC) levels (PM2.5-Mn: β = 0.0105, 95% C.I.: 0.0027–0.0183; PM2.5-Fe: β = 0.0127, 95% C.I.: 0.0027–0.0227; PM2.5-Cu: β = 0.0193, 95% C.I.: 0.0032–0.0355; PM2.5-Zn: β = 0.0132, 95% C.I.: 0.0005–0.0260). Logarithmic urinary Zn was positively correlated with logarithmic serum insulin and HOMA2-IR levels and negatively correlated with logarithmic HOMA2-insulin sensitivity (%S; βinsulin = 0.2171, 95% C.I.: 0.0025–0.4318; βIR = 0.2179, 95% C.I.: 0.0027–0.4330; β%S = −0.2180, 95% C.I.: −0.4334 to −0.0026). We observed that glucose homeostasis was disrupted by Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn exposure through increasing P-FGAC and IR levels in shipyard welders.

scholarly journals Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052110317
Author(s):  
Chenyun Miao ◽  
Qingge Guo ◽  
Xiaojie Fang ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation

Objective This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of probiotics and synbiotics on insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A systematic search was performed to identify all relevant publications listed on the electronic databases (PubMed®, Web of Science, Embase® and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) between inception and 30 October 2020. All statistical analyses were performed on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using RevMan version 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results A total of 486 patients from seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation appeared to improve levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (mean difference = –0.37; 95% confidence interval –0.69, –0.05) and serum insulin (standardized mean difference = –0.66; 95% confidence interval –1.19, –0.12). The results failed to show any influence of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and fasting blood sugar. Conclusions Probiotics and synbiotics appear to have a partially beneficial effect on indices of insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.

scholarly journals Visfatin levels in non-obese, obese, and insulin resistant adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Indra Ihsan ◽  
Eka Agustia Rini ◽  
Rismawati Yaswir
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Visfatin Level

Background Adipose tissue is not merely a site for energy storage, but is also the largest endocrine organ, secreting various adipocytokines. Plasma visfatin, an adipocytokine predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue, has insulin-mimetic effects, and has been closely linked to insulin resistance.Objective To compare plasma visfatin levels between obese and non-obese adolescents, as well as between obese adolecents with and without insulin resistance.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in students who attended three senior high schools in Padang. Subjects comprised 28 obese and 28 non-obese adolescents. The age of the subjects ranged from 14-18 years. Obesity criteria were based on body mass index (BMI) measurements. Fasting serum glucose level was measured by glucose hexokinase photometry and serum insulin was measured by chemiluminesence immunoassay. Plasma visfatin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The insulin resistance index was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose levels using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Differences in the variables were tested using independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test, depending on the distribution of the variables.Results The mean plasma visfatin level was significantly higher in the obese than in the control group [2.55 (SD 1.54) vs. 1.61 (SD 0.64) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.005)]. The insulin resistant group had significantly higher mean plasma visfatin level than the non-resistant group [3.61 (SD 1.59) vs. 1.96 (SD 1.18) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.004)].Conclusion Obese adolescents with insulin resistance have signifcantly higher plasma visfatin levels compared to those without insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Adiponectin, an Adipocyte-Derived Protein, Predicts Future Insulin Resistance: Two-Year Follow-Up Study in Japanese Population

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Hirose ◽  
Ikuo Saito ◽  
Kanako Nishikai ◽  
Takao Saruta
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

It has been reported that the serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance index, and triglycerides and was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in several cross-sectional studies. However, the causal relationship has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the baseline adiponectin level could predict subsequent changes in insulin resistance, lipid profile, or body weight in a 2-yr longitudinal study. This study included 590 male Japanese subjects, aged 30–65 yr, who received annual health checkups in both 2000 and 2002. Blood pressure, heart rate, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters, including serum insulin and adiponectin levels, were determined. The insulin resistance index was calculated based on homeostasis model assessment. Baseline adiponectin level was not correlated with the subsequent change in lipid profile or BMI in 2 yr after adjustment for each baseline value. However, the baseline adiponectin level was negatively correlated with subsequent changes in insulin and insulin resistance index based on homeostasis model assessment, even after adjustment for change in BMI (r = −0.162 and r = −0.140, respectively). These findings suggest that the serum adiponectin concentration predicts subsequent changes in insulin resistance, but not in lipid profile or body weight.

scholarly journals High-Circulating Leptin Levels Are Associated with Greater Risk of Hypertension in Men Independently of Body Mass and Insulin Resistance: Results of an Eight-Year Follow-Up Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3922-3926 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Galletti ◽  
L. D'Elia ◽  
G. Barba ◽  
A. Siani ◽  
F. P. Cappuccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Assessment Index

Background: We previously reported a significant association between plasma leptin (LPT) concentration and blood pressure (BP), which was partly independent of serum insulin levels and insulin resistance. The aims of this study were to detect whether serum LPT levels predict the development of hypertension (HPT) in the 8-yr follow-up investigation of a sample of an adult male population (the Olivetti Heart Study), and to evaluate the role of body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance in this putative association. Patients and Methods: The study population was made up of 489 untreated normotensive subjects examined in 1994–1995 (age: 50.1 ± 6.7 yr; BMI: 26.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2; BP: 120 ± 10/78 ± 6 mm Hg; and homeostatic model assessment index: 2.1 ± 1.6). Results: The HPT incidence over 8 yr was 35%. The participants with incident HPT had similar age but higher BMI (P < 0.001), serum LPT (P < 0.001), and BP (P < 0.01) at baseline. One sd positive difference in baseline serum LPT log was associated at univariate analysis with a 49% higher rate of HPT [95% confidence interval (CI) 22–83; P < 0.001]). In three different models of multivariable logistical regression analysis, LPT was respectively associated with a 41% greater risk to develop HPT (95% CI 15–74; P < 0.001) upon adjustment for age and baseline BP, with a 48% (95% CI 20–81) greater risk when adding the homeostatic assessment model index to the model, and with 33% greater risk (95% CI 6–67; P < 0.02) upon adjustment for BMI. Conclusions: In this sample of originally normotensive men, circulating LPT level was a significant predictor of the risk to develop HPT over 8 yr, independently of BMI and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Adiposity and insulin resistance correlate with telomere length in middle-aged Arabs: the influence of circulating adiponectin

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar S Al-Attas ◽  
Nasser M Al-Daghri ◽  
Majed S Alokail ◽  
Assim Alfadda ◽  
Ahmed Bamakhramah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Middle Aged

ObjectiveStudies in obesity have implicated adipocytokines in the development of insulin resistance, which in turn may lead to accelerated aging. In this study, we determined associations of chromosomal telomere length (TL) to markers of obesity and insulin resistance in middle-aged adult male and female Arabs with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2).Design and methodsOne hundred and ninety-three non-diabetic and DMT2 subjects without complications (97 males and 96 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical data, as well as fasting blood samples, were collected. Serum glucose and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and PAI-1 were quantified using customized multiplex assay kits. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and angiotensin II (ANG II) were measured using ELISAs. Circulating leukocyte TL was examined by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsCirculating chromosomal leukocyte TL had significant inverse associations with body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and total cholesterol, ANG II and hsCRP levels. Adiponectin, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol predicted 47% of the variance in TL (P<0.0001). HOMA-IR was the most significant predictor for TL in males, explaining 35% of the variance (P=0.01). In females, adiponectin accounted for 28% of the variance in TL (P=0.01).ConclusionObesity and insulin resistance are associated with chromosomal TL among adult Arabs. Evidence of causal relations needs further investigation. The positive association of adiponectin to TL has clinical implications as to the possible protective effects of this hormone from accelerated aging.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity Treated with Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Kate Ormiston ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Kelly Murphy ◽  
A Courtney DeVries ◽  
Maryam Lustberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract Objectives Our objective was to examine effects of dietary enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance during chemotherapy. Methods Adult, female C57Bl/6 mice (n = 48) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets; low-fat diet (LF; 10% kcals fat), high-fat diet (HF; 45% kcals fat), or HF diet with omega-3 s (HF n-3; 2% kcals EPA + DHA) for 7 weeks. Mice received vehicle or chemotherapy injections (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide), by tail vein at week 4 and 6. Food intake and body weights were recorded. Fasted blood glucose and serum insulin were measured weekly.  Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Body composition was measured using Echo MRI. Data were analyzed using ANOVA; p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results Total kilocalories significantly differed by group (p &lt; 0.001); HF and HF n-3 groups consumed more than the LF group (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.0001; respectively). Obesity was induced prior to first injection with body weights being significantly different (p &lt; 0.01); the LF group weighed less than the HF n-3 group (p &lt; 0.01), and there was a similar trend between LF and HF groups (p = 0.0519). Body weights at sacrifice significantly differed (p &lt; 0.0001); chemotherapy mice weighed less than vehicle (p &lt; 0.0001). Percent body fat at sacrifice significantly differed (p &lt; 0.0001); chemotherapy mice had less fat than vehicle (p &lt; 0.0001), and the LF group had less fat than HF  (p &lt; 0.01) and HF n-3 group (p &lt; 0.01). Blood glucose significantly differed at sacrifice (p &lt; 0.01); chemotherapy mice had lower glucose than vehicle (p &lt; 0.05) and HF group had higher glucose than LF group (p &lt; 0.01). HOMA-IR scores at sacrifice significantly differed (p &lt; 0.05); chemotherapy mice had lower scores than vehicle  (p &lt; 0.05) and mice on the LF and HF n-3 diets had lower scores than the HF diet (p &lt; 0.01; p &lt; 0.05 respectively). Conclusions Chemotherapy lowered body weight and body fat in mice, potentially contributing to decreases in blood glucose and insulin resistance. EPA + DHA enrichment of a HF diet reduced insulin resistance in mice comparable to a LF diet group. This occurred in both chemotherapy and vehicle treated mice, despite LF diet-fed mice having lower body weight and adiposity. Underlying mechanisms are being investigated. Funding Sources NIH #5R01CA18994.

CAN PROLACTIN BE A MARKER FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF PCOS?

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Satyaki Basu ◽  
Dipankar Kundu ◽  
Santu Mondal ◽  
Sourish Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pcos Group

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome has been one of a major public health problem. It causes multifactorial in etiology such as menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity which increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Prolactin has been reported as a potent lipogenic and diabetogenic factor, that affecting energy balance and fuel metabolism. The present study was designed to assess serum prolactin and insulin resistance in PCOS women and to compare them with healthy women as controls. Material And Methods: A comparative study including 50 women newly diagnosed as PCOS and 50 healthy women as controls was conducted. The age group for the study was 18-35 years. Fasting blood samples were drawn to assess serum prolactin, serum insulin and fasting blood sugar. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment. Results: A signicant increase in fasting serum insulin (p<0.001) and HOMA – IR (p<0.001) were found in patients with PCOS in comparison with controls. Prolactin and FPG were found elevated in the PCOS women and were statistically signicant. Conclusions: The current study provides further evidence that signicantly higher fasting insulin and HOMA in PCOS group indicates presence of IR. IR in PCOS group may have a potential role in the prediction of dysglycemic disease in women with PCOS. This study found signicant correlation between serum prolactin and serum insulin

scholarly journals Wheat germ supplementation alleviates insulin resistance and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in an animal model of diet-induced obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Ojo ◽  
Ashley J. Simenson ◽  
Crystal O’Hara ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Xin Gou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Peptide ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

AbstractObesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR), along with mitochondrial dysfunction to metabolically active tissues and increased production of reactive O2 species (ROS). Foods rich in antioxidants such as wheat germ (WG), protect tissues from damage due to ROS and modulate some negative effects of obesity. This study examined the effects of WG supplementation on markers of IR, mitochondrial substrate metabolism and innate antioxidant markers in two metabolically active tissues (i.e. liver and heart) of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat–high-sucrose (HFS) diet. Male C57BL/6 mice, 6-week-old, were randomised into four dietary treatment groups (n 12 mice/group): control (C, 10 % fat kcal), C+10 % WG, HFS (60 % fat kcal) or HFS+10 % WG (HFS+WG). After 12 weeks of treatment, HFS+WG mice had significantly less visceral fat (−16 %, P=0·006) compared with the HFS group. WG significantly reduced serum insulin (P=0·009), the insulinotropic hormone, gastric inhibitory peptide (P=0·0003), and the surrogate measure of IR, homoeostatic model assessment of IR (P=0·006). HFS diet significantly elevated (45 %, P=0·02) cardiac complex 2 mitochondrial VO2, suggesting increased metabolic stress, whereas WG stabilised this effect to the level of control. Consequently, genes which mediate antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis (superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) and PPARγ coactivator 1-α (Pgc1a), respectively) were significantly reduced (P<0·05) in the heart of the HFS group, whereas WG supplementation tended to up-regulate both genes. WG significantly increased hepatic gene expression of Sod2 (P=0·048) but not Pgc1a. Together, these results showed that WG supplementation in HFS diet, reduced IR and improved cardiac mitochondrial metabolic functions.

scholarly journals Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in nondiabetic women with elevated homeostasis model assessment ratios

2003 ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Matsubara ◽  
S Katayose ◽  
S Maruoka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin

OBJECTIVE: Whether the adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance independently of the effects of adiposity and the diabetic state is an important question. We explored, in a cross-sectional study of 486 Japanese nondiabetic women, the relationship between the calculated insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R)) and adiponectin levels determined using a validated sandwich ELISA. DESIGN AND METHODS: All participants were stratified into tertiles for HOMA-R (approximately <1.5, 1.5< or = approximately <3.0, 3.0< or = approximately ) and the differences across tertiles of continuous variables were tested with ANOVA. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine possible relationships for plasma adiponectin between tertiles of HOMA-R and several stratified parameters. Multiple regression analyses were performed with HOMA-R or fasting serum insulin as dependent variable, and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride (TG), leptin and adiponectin as independent determinants. RESULTS: Mean plasma adiponectin in the high HOMA-R group decreased compared with that in the low HOMA-R group both before (mean+/-s.e.m. 6.2+/-0.6 vs 9.2+/-0.3 microg/ml, P<0.001) and after adjustment for body fat mass (BFM) as kg or percent (0.31+/-0.04 vs 0.69+/-0.03, 0.18+/-0.02 vs 0.34+/-0.01, both P<0.001). HOMA-R was inversely associated with adiponectin levels both before (r=-0.37, P<0.001) and after adjustment for BFM (r=-0.49, -0.46, both P<0.001). After covariate adjustment for age, diastolic BP, BMI and serum TG, HOMA-R retained a significant correlation with adiponectin/BFM (kg). Both adiponectin and leptin were the significant determinants of HOMA-R or fasting insulin in multiple regression models. CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin was inversely associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects, independently from age, BP, adiposity and serum lipids. Because adiponectin is thought to have an anti-atherogenic action, the presence of hypoadiponectinemia may predispose subjects to atherosclerosis, and may progress the atherogenesis in insulin resistance.

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