scholarly journals Predicting Detached Housing Vacancy: A Multilevel Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Jaekyung Lee ◽  
Galen Newman ◽  
Changyeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Vacancy Rate ◽  
City Center ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Housing Vacancy

Urban shrinkage is a critical issue in local small- and medium-sized cities in Korea. While there have been several studies to analyze the causes and consequences of vacancy increases, most have only focused on socioeconomic associations at larger scale and failed to consider individual housing level characteristics, primarily due to a lack of appropriate data. Based on data including 52,400 individual parcels, this study analyzes the primary contributors to vacant properties and their spatial distribution through a multilevel model design based on data for each parcel. Then, we identify areas at high risk of vacancy in the future to provide evidence to establish policies for improving the local environment. Results indicate that construction year, building structure, and road access conditions have a significant effect on vacant properties at the individual parcel level, and the presence of schools and hypermarket within 500 m are found to decrease vacant properties. Further, prediction outcomes show that the aged city center and areas with strict regulations on land use are expected to have a higher vacancy rate. These findings are used to provide a set of data-based revitalization strategies through the development of a vacancy prediction model.

scholarly journals Autonomous feature type selection based on environment using expectation maximization in self-localization

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 172988141881470
Author(s):  
Nezih Ergin Özkucur ◽  
H Levent Akın
Keyword(s):  
Expectation Maximization ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Individual

Self-localization in autonomous robots is one of the fundamental issues in the development of intelligent robots, and processing of raw sensory information into useful features is an integral part of this problem. In a typical scenario, there are several choices for the feature extraction algorithm, and each has its weaknesses and strengths depending on the characteristics of the environment. In this work, we introduce a localization algorithm that is capable of capturing the quality of a feature type based on the local environment and makes soft selection of feature types throughout different regions. A batch expectation–maximization algorithm is developed for both discrete and Monte Carlo localization models, exploiting the probabilistic pose estimations of the robot without requiring ground truth poses and also considering different observation types as blackbox algorithms. We tested our method in simulations, data collected from an indoor environment with a custom robot platform and a public data set. The results are compared with the individual feature types as well as naive fusion strategy.

Hygrothermal Behaviour of Inorganic Binder-Based Board Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Jan Bubeník ◽  
Jiří Zach
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hygrothermal Behaviour ◽  
Diffusion Properties

Currently, the use of board materials as a material intended for the dry construction of building structure cladding in the building industry has become widespread. The most common types of board materials include wood-based boards (particle, fibre, laminated / plywood, oriented strand boards [OSB]), cement-bonded particleboards and gypsum plasterboards or gypsum fibre boards. In the case of board materials based on inorganic binders, these are most often represented by boards in which the fillers used are bonded by plaster or cement. Wood can then be used as filler, which is predominantly an assortment of inferior-quality trees or comes from a short rotation coppice, treated by various technological processes. Microstructure and material composition have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The use of the boards in the internal or external environment is determined by their individual properties. Another indicator for the possible use of boards is the form of moisture with which the board comes into contact after installation into the structure. For the external environment, the boards have to withstand mainly liquid moisture; in contrast, in an internal environment, the boards come into contact mainly with air humidity. The diffusion properties of the individual products are also crucial for the overall design and use of the boards for structure cladding.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Model Examining the Relationships Between Workplace Spirituality, Ethical Climate and Outcomes: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Otaye-Ebede ◽  
Samah Shaffakat ◽  
Scott Foster
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The role and influence of workplace spirituality on individual and organisational outcomes continue to draw attention among management scholars. Despite this increased attention, extant literature has yielded limited insights particularly into the impact and influence processes of workplace spirituality on performance outcomes at both the individual and unit levels of analysis. Addressing this gap in research, we proposed and tested a multilevel model, underpinned by social cognitive theory, that examines the processes linking perceptions of workplace spirituality and performance outcomes at the individual and organisational level of analysis. Data were obtained from 51 branches of a retail organisation in the United Kingdom. Results from structural equation modelling analysis revealed three salient findings. First, workplace spirituality was positively related to ethical climate, prosocial motivation, and moral judgment. Second, ethical climate partially mediated the relationship between workplace spirituality and prosocial motivation and moral judgment, respectively. Third, aggregated ethical climate significantly relates to branch-level helping behaviour and service performance.

scholarly journals c-Kit-Mediated Overlapping and Unique Functional and Biochemical Outcomes via Diverse Signaling Pathways

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1401-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hong ◽  
Veerendra Munugalavadla ◽  
Reuben Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Kit Receptor ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT A critical issue in understanding receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is the individual contribution of diverse signaling pathways in regulating cellular growth, survival, and migration. We generated a functionally and biochemically inert c-Kit receptor that lacked the binding sites for seven early signaling pathways. Restoring the Src family kinase (SFK) binding sites in the mutated c-Kit receptor restored cellular survival and migration but only partially rescued proliferation and was associated with the rescue of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase, Rac/JNK kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase)/Akt pathways. In contrast, restoring the PI-3 kinase binding site in the mutated receptor did not affect cellular proliferation but resulted in a modest correction in cell survival and migration, despite a complete rescue in the activation of the PI-3 kinase/Akt pathway. Surprisingly, restoring the binding sites for Grb2, Grb7, or phospholipase C-γ had no effect on cellular growth or survival, migration, or activation of any of the downstream signaling pathways. These results argue that SFKs play a unique role in the control of multiple cellular functions and in the activation of distinct biochemical pathways via c-Kit.

Spectrofluorimetric Characterization of an Ionic Conductor: Sodium Sulfate High-Temperature Phases Doped with Europium(III)

1994 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell R. Matithews ◽  
Edward T. Knobbe ◽  
Gamini Dharmasena ◽  
Renée Cole ◽  
Roger Frech
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
National Science ◽  
Trivalent Cations ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe highest-temperature polymorph of sodium sulfate, (I), has significant orientational disorder in its structure which allows it to readily accept substitution by di- and trivalent cations. Although Na2SO4 (I) exhibits reasonable ionic conductivity, it cannot be quenched to room temperature without changing phase. However, aliovalent solid solutions of (I) can be quenched to RT and resultant cation vacancies promote conduction via Na+ migration. The closely related but more ordered phase Na2SO4 (III) can also form aliovalent solid solutions which can be quenched to RT.The europium(III) ion is an extremely sensitive and useful probe of its immediate local environment. The presence, location, and intensity of its fluorescence transitions (particularly the 5D0→7F0-2 emissions) can provide detailed information about the symmetry, nature, and multiplicity of the individual Eu3+ site which cannot be gained from X-ray or neutron diffraction techniques.Our research (supported by the National Science Foundation and the State of Oklahoma) involves the structural characterization of two europium-doped sodium sulfate phases via fluorescence spectroscopy.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-418
Author(s):  
Chin-Oh Chang ◽  
◽  
Shu-Mei Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Vacancy Rate ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Housing Vacancy

This paper discusses the contradicting phenomenon of housing demand in Taiwan. First, an introduction is given on the three primary characteristics of the housing market in Taiwan, which are a high housing vacancy rate, high housing prices and high home ownership. Secondly, we explore the motivation and preferences behind housing purchase. Since the housing price-income ratio continues to increase, unaffordable housing prices cause households to suffer from poor quality of life. The issues of housing justice are highlighted. Recently, the demographics and social values have rapidly changed. Therefore, even if homebuyers face unaffordable housing prices, they still prefer to buy housing instead of renting due to the traditional cultural belief that ¡§to have land is to have wealth¡¨. This has resulted in the phenomenon with high home ownership rate yet high housing prices. On the other hand, the low holding cost of housing and imbalance in urban and rural development perpetuate the high housing vacancy rate in the housing market. This results in an unhealthy housing market and misallocation of resources. Finally, recommendations for related government policy making are made based on the findings.

scholarly journals Identification of Occupation Clustering in Kandy City, Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
RJM Uduporuwa ◽  
Lasantha Manawadu
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Location Pattern ◽  
Residential Differentiation ◽  
The City

Existence of social groups with different socio-economic status is a common character in a city and makes cities to form residentially varied areas within the city which is generally termed as ‘residential differentiation’. Since residential differentiation sometimes becomes a critical issue to be addressed it should be understood as much as possible before planning and organizing the urban space in optimal manner. This study attempts to investigate spatial expression of occupational structure of Kandy city, Sri Lanka. Attention is given for identifying, measuring and mapping the existing location pattern of occupational groups over the urban space of Kandy city. Occupation data in Kandy city collected from national census of population and housing in 2001 were used and Location Quotient technique (LQ) was employed to analyze the data.Results evidently revealed that ‘occupation’ is influential to form a distinct location pattern in the city space. Basic pattern of location of occupation groups identifiable is that higher ranking occupation groups are concentrated in peripheral areas while lower ranking occupation groups are located in city canter areas or proximity areas to the city Center. This has made some particular areas to be specialized for some occupation groups. Working class or labourer category which has the highest proportion is mostly limited to city center and adjoining areas where commercial and other services are dominated. These areas are highly commercial and mix residential areas in the city and are very valuable lands that can be used for the better economic use establishing new projects. This is one of critical issues to be addressed in future development of the city.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Model Approach for Assessing the Effects of House and Neighborhood Characteristics on Housing Vacancy: A Case of Daegu, South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Jeong-Il Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Housing Vacancy ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Previous studies on housing vacancy mostly focused on variables representing regional characteristics while overlooking the characteristics of individual houses. This is due to the limitations of available data. Using the house-level Housing Vacancy Database, this study aims to identify the spatial clustering pattern of vacant houses by examining single-family houses in Daegu, South Korea, and analyze the factors affecting housing vacancy. The Housing Vacancy Database built in this study provides accurate location information of vacant houses, making it possible to analyze the clustering pattern of vacant houses in a more detailed spatial unit. Furthermore, the Housing Vacancy Database considered various physical and neighborhood factors at the house level. The result of hot spot analysis showed that vacant houses were spatially concentrated in the city center. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting housing vacancy at the house level and neighborhood level using a multilevel model, it was found that the physical environment characteristics of individual houses were key factors affecting housing vacancy. Additionally, the probability of housing vacancy tended to increase when the land prices were higher, the houses were located in redevelopment zones, and there were more neighboring vacant houses nearby. Meanwhile, population decline and the ratio of old houses were the only significant variables at the neighborhood level. Thus, this study addresses that policies are needed to improve housing and physical environment characteristics that contribute to housing vacancy.

Energy Adaptive and Max-Min based BFS Model for Route Optimization in Sensor Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Juneja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Individual

Background: The restricted energy and network life is a critical issue in the real-time sensor network. The occurrence of low-energy and faulty intermediate nodes can increase communication failure. The number of intermediate nodes affects the number of re-transmission, communication-failures, and increases the energy consumption on the routing path. The existing protocols take the greedy decision on all possible intermediate nodes collectively by considering one or more parameters. Objective: This work divides the distance between the source and destination into coverage-specific zones for restricting the hop-count. Now each zone is processed individually and collectively for generating the energy effective and failure preventive route. Methods: In this paper, the energy and coverage weighted BFS (Best First Model) algorithm is presented for route optimization in the sensor network. The max-min BFS is implied on sensor nodes of each zone and identified as the most reliable and effective intermediate node. The individual and composite weighted rules are applied to energy and distance parameters. This new routing protocol discovered the energy-adaptive route. Results: The proposed model is simulated on a randomly distributed network, and the analysis is done in terms of network life, energy consumption, hop count, and the number of route switching parameters. The comparative analysis is done against the MCP, MT-MR, Greedy, and other state-of-art routing protocols. Conclusion: The comparative results validate the significance of the proposed routing protocol in terms of energy effectiveness, lesser route switching, and improved the network life.

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